This thesis consists of four separate chapters which address different aspects of inequality and income determination. The first three chapters are country-level studies which examine (1) how incomes are shaped by spatial price differences, (2) the factor income composition, and (3) enterprise size. The final chapter analyses how income inequality changed at the global level. The first chapter investigates the implications of regional price differences for earnings differentials and inequality in Germany. I combine a district-level price index with administrative earnings data from social security records. Prices have a strong equalising effect on district average wages in West Germany, but a weaker effect in East Germany and at the national level. The change in overall inequality as a result of regional price differences is small (although significant in many cases), because inequality is mostly explained by differences within rather than between districts. The second chapter is motivated by the rapid increase in top income shares in the United States since the 1980s. Using data derived from tax filings, I show that this pattern is very similar after controlling for changes in tax unit size. Over the same period as top income shares increased, the composition of these incomes changed dramatically, with the labour share rising. Using a non-parametric copula framework, I show that incomes from labour and capital have become more closely associated at the top. This association is asymmetric such that top wage earners are more likely to also receive high capital incomes, compared with top capital income recipients receiving high wages. In the third chapter, I investigate the positive cross-sectional relationship between enterprise size and earnings using panel data from Ghana. I find evidence for a significant firm size effect in matched firm-worker data and a labour force panel, even after controlling for individual fixed effects. The size effect in self-employment is stronger in the cross-section, but it is driven by individual time-invariant characteristics. The final chapter studies the global interpersonal income distribution using a newly constructed and improved database of national household surveys between 1988 and 2008. The chapter finds that the global Gini remains high and approximately unchanged at around 0.7. However, this hides a substantial change in the global distribution from a twin-peaked distribution in 1988 into a single-peaked one now. Furthermore, the regional composition of the global distribution changed, as China graduated from the bottom ranks. As a result of the growth in Asia, the poorest quantiles of the global distribution are now largely from Sub-Saharan Africa. By exploiting the panel dimension of the dataset, the analysis shows which decile-groups within countries have benefitted most over this 20-year period. In addition, the chapter presents a preliminary assessment of how estimates of global inequality are affected by the likely underreporting of top incomes in surveys.

2008年全球金融海嘯與近年持續動盪的歐債危機，使得多數民眾在這兩次金融風暴中遭受鉅額損失，對於金融商品及銀行也產生了疑慮，導致出許多投資者與銀行端之間的消費糾紛，經過多次險峻的經濟波動及金融危機，投資市場中仍然有許多頂尖財富管理業務人員，他們歷經多次金融危機仍屹立不搖，績效穩定及深受客戶信賴，這其中差異值得深入研究探討。 本文主要探討台灣財富管理頂尖業務銷售成功關鍵因素，利用「三特質」問卷方式收集資訊並分析，藉此了解頂尖業務平日的工作內容、專業能力、人格特質、銷售行為及投資決策模式。研究最終可得知以下幾點結論：(1)透過MBTI性格分類法，頂尖業務以發明家、記者型、學者型為最多。(2)頂尖業務特質若具備積極負責、誠信、易於溝通，較容易與高端客戶產生長久互動與黏著度。(3)頂尖業務多具備強烈企圖心，不斷設定目標突破自我極限。(4)歷經過1~2次金融危機及景氣循環的頂尖業務，相對危機處理能力較強，能適時判斷投資進出時機，協助客戶完成理財目標機率也會比較高。 / Due to the global financial disasters in 2008 and the recent European debt crisis, domestic investors had suffered tremendous losses in investment. Consequently, concerns of financial products' profitability have raised drastically among investors and occasionally led to disputes between banks and investors. However, there are still many wealth managers who excelled at their job and were trusted by their customers even after going through several devastating economic events. The purpose of this paper is to determine the distinguishing characteristics of the top asset managers in D bank. With Myers-Briggs Type Indicator questionnaire we would portray and analyze their personalities, work capabilities, sales methods, and investment process. In conclusion, most elite financial advisors have characteristics of an inventor, a journalist, or a scholar. They also tend to have a proactive mindset toward their job and communicate with compassion. Because of these qualities, clients would deem their advisor as trustworthy and were satisfied with the services that they received. And most of all, they have the ability to support clients through financial difficulties and reach their financial goals.

Legal protection of domain names This diploma thesis provides overall introduction of domain names problematic, the topic which has witnessed stable rise of popularity over the last two decades, with special emphasis on its legal aspects and possibilities of legal protection. Mass expansion of the domain names over the years came hand in hand with some displeasing side effects, namely increasing occurrence of speculative behaviour residing in bad faith registration of attractive domain names. This practice, so called cyber squatting, rests in systematic abuse of key domain name registration principle first come first serve. As a result of increasing number of intellectual property infringements, namely trademark rights, the need for adequate techniques of domain name protection was highlighted. This task however was not going to be easy. From the legal point of view, domain names are very specific institution in a sense that explicit legal regulations are typically lacking and the rules of this exciting sphere are defined based on the soft law principles drafted by the nongovernmental domain names authorities. Therefore an enforcement of effective measures is not as smooth as for traditional institutions. To investigate this particularity, I have tried to prove presumption, that distribution of...

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective compréhensive des processus de patrimonialisation de grands sites naturels bretons, de leur découverte à leur réhabilitation, ici la pointe du Raz, le cap Fréhel et la côte sauvage de Quiberon. Ces promontoires littoraux, objets inventés au 19e siècle, sont devenus au fil du temps des supports d’oeuvres littéraires et picturales, d’introspection et de fascination exercée par la puissance des éléments marins. Ces lieux ont accueilli depuis les années 1950 des fréquentations touristiques de plus en plus importantes, ayant provoqué des phénomènes de mise à nu des sols, que l’administration de l’Environnement a jugé menaçants pour leur intégrité. Il y a une trentaine d’années, elle a donc décliné une politique de réhabilitation dont la matérialisation principale fut la conduite d’‘Opérations Grands Sites’. De quelle manière ces projets de réhabilitation sont-ils menés et selon quelles doctrines ? Comment prennent-ils en compte les différents usages et valeurs attribuées à ces patrimoines ? Cette thèse analyse les aménagements, désaménagements et réaménagements de ces sites, l’imbrication de la montée de la doctrine écologique et des jeux d’acteurs qui s’y développent, et, interroge leur incidence sur le patrimoine et les modalités de son appropriation, ce que nous appelons le processus de patrimonialisation. La première partie retrace la patrimonialisation des grands sites naturels emblématiques de France, leur invention (chapitre 1), les politiques publiques mises en place en vue de leur protection (chapitre 2 et 3), et se focalise sur nos terrains d’étude (chapitre 4). La seconde partie montre les évolutions du cadre doctrinal, organisationnel et normatif de l’action publique, favorisant la protection de l’environnement et l’aménagement touristique. Elle montre le renouvellement des principes d’action publique (chapitre 5) et les transformations des espaces induites par les doctrines et les jeux d’acteurs (chapitre 6 et 7). Enfin, la troisième partie aborde les effets de ces réhabilitations sur le patrimoine et le processus de patrimonialisation contemporains (chapitre 8 et 9) et propose une réflexion sur la dimension normative des opérations de réhabilitation : nous démontrons qu’elles sont constitutives du processus de patrimonialisation. / This work analyzes in a comprehensive perspective the heritage making of the Brittanygreat sites, namely the point of Raz, the cape of Fréhel and the wild coast of Quiberon. These coastal headlands, objects invented in 19th century, became over time supports of literary and pictorial works, of introspection and fascination exercised by the power of the marine elements. Since the 1950s, aincrease of tourist attendances has led to the degradation of their ecosystems, that the administration of the Environment considered that’s a threat for their integrity. Thirty years ago, this administration introduced a policy of rehabilitation the main realization of which was the conduct of « Opérations Grands Sites ». How are these projects of rehabilitation led and according to which doctrines? How dothey take into account the various uses and the values attributed to these heritages? This thesis analyzes the land planning, dis-planning and re-planning of these sites, the rise of the ecological doctrine and stakeholders' interactions and questions their incidence about the heritage and the modalities of its appropriation, that we call the process of heritage making. The first part redraws the heritage making of the big symbolic natural sites of France, their invention (chapter 1), the public policies creation with the purpose of their protection (chapter 2 and3), and a more precisely a focus on our study fields (chapter 4). The second part shows the evolutionsof the doctrinal, organizational and normative dimension of the public action, favoring the environmental protection and the tourist development. It shows the renewal of the principles of publicaction (chapter 5) and the transformations of the spaces, which it led from stakeholders' interactions in presence (chapter 6 and 7). Finally, the third part approaches the effects of these rehabilitations on contemporary heritage and process of heritage making (chapter 8 and 9) and proposes a reflection on the normative dimension of the operations of rehabilitation. We make the demonstration that they area part of the process of heritage making.

Title: Efficiency of fast breaks and its effects on the outcome of the top class handball matches. Goals of the reaserch: Main goal of this essay is to discover how the effectivness of the fast breaks influence the outcome of the top class handball matches during the most important tournaments (ME, MS). Second goal is to discover if there is a link between effectivness of the fast break (or portion of the fast breaks from the total of breaks) and final place scored on the previously mentioned tournaments. Methods: Statistic analysis, ratio of fast breaks, comparism of the ratios Results: It was discovered, the teams with greater efficiency of the fast breaks took better places, in the sample of the reaserched tournaments, than the teams with lesser efficiency of the fast breaks. Teams that won the match used more fast breaks and with greater efficiency than teams that lost. There is a greater ratio of the fast breaks from the total number of breaks in the winning match than in the loosing match. Keywords: handball, fast break, efficiency of the fast break, portion, comparism of portions, place on the top class tournament.

Title: Utilization of physical activity to the influence of the health of top managerr Author: Bc. Martin Vojáček Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Václav Bunc CSc. Objective: Author of the diploma thesis Utilization of physical activity to the influence of the health of top managers deals with health issues stemming from the specific nature of the job of top managers. A key issue is the work related stress and its impact on the health of managers. The negative effects of stress and poor lifestyle are "lifestyle diseases" such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, burnout syndrom and chronic fatigue syndrome. Appropriately chosen physical activity based on the temperament can reduce risk, mitigate health problems and prevent the development of disease in all the aforementioned cases. The research survey conducted for 6 months on a group of five top managers attending in Fitness Slavia showed that exercise programs individually prepared on the basis of temperament have a positive impact both on mental and physical health of top managers. Methods: In this thesis these methods are used: measuring and testing, interviews, observation, study of specific literature and research. Results: The results obtained should help formulate the basis of the next...

This thesis is an analysis of the extensive transformation of the Olympic movement, which occurred at the end of the 20th century. The main focus is on the importance of the XXIII Olympiad in Los Angeles, regarded as a major milestone in the history of the modern Olympic movement. The introductory chapter deals with the 1970s' crisis of the Olympic movement. The second chapter describes the complications related to the allocation of the Olympic Games to Los Angeles. Based on the XXIII Olympiad, the third and the fourth chapter analyse the revolution in Olympic marketing. The objective of the fifth chapter is to demonstrate the need for the financial independence of the Olympic movement in the context of the Cold War, the Soviet boycott in particular. The last two chapters deal with the commercialization of the Olympic movement, the reform of the IOC and the discussion regarding the timeliness of the Olympic values.

Humans affect ecosystems by changing species compositions, landscape and climate. This thesis aims to increase our understanding of anthropogenic effects on mesopredator abundance due to changes in apex predator status, landscape and climate. I show that in Eurasia the abundance of a mesopredator, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), is limited top-down by the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and bottom-up by winter severity. However, where lynx has been eradicated, fox abundance is instead related to bottom-factors such as cropland (paper I, II). Fox abundance was highest when croplands constituted 25% of the landscape (paper II). I also project red fox abundance in Sweden over the past 200 years and in future scenarios in relation to lynx density, land use and climate change. The projected fox abundance was highest in 1920, when lynx was eradicated and the proportion of cropland was 22%. In 2010, when lynx had recolonised, the projected fox abundance was lower than in 1920, but higher than in 1830. Future scenarios indicated that lynx abundance must increase in respond to climate change to keep fox at the same density as today. The results suggest a mesopredator release when lynx was eradicated, boosted by land use and climate change, and that changes in bottom-up factors can modify the relative strength of top-down factors (paper IV). From 1846-1922, lynx, wolverine (Gulo gulo) and grey wolf (Canis lupus) declined in Scandinavia due to persecution; however I show that the change in wolverine abundance was positively related to the changes in lynx and wolf abundance. This indicates that wolverine is subsidized by carrions from lynx and wolf kills rather than limited top-down by them (paper III). This thesis illustrates how mesopredator abundance is determined by a combination of top-down and bottom-up processes, and how anthropogenic impacts not only can change the structures of predator guilds, but also may modify top-down processes through changes in bottom-up factors. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p><p> </p>

[pt] A partir da interlocução com Pierre Bourdieu, esta tese apresenta as homologias nas estratégias empreendidas pelos agentes e pelas instituições privadas e públicas pesquisadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro para garantir suas posições nos seus respectivos subcampos do campo educacional. A pesquisa se insere na investigação do SOCED/ PUC-Rio - Contextos Institucionais e a Construção da Qualidade do Ensino na Educação Básica e investiga oito escolas de prestígio da cidade do Rio de Janeiro: quatro privadas e quatro públicas municipais. Na construção dos dados para análise foram utilizados diferentes instrumentos, nem sempre os mesmos para as escolas privadas e públicas, como relatórios, diários de campo, websites, entrevistas, documentos e questionários aplicados a pais, alunos e professores das instituições pesquisadas. Para análise, foram elaboradas diversas bases no software Sphinx 5.0, programa com uma interface amigável que facilita a interpretação e a análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Também foi utilizado o software SPSS - Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies para viabilizar a análise fatorial exploratória de dois grupos de variáveis no questionário dos pais. Para investigar as homologias nas estratégias familiares e institucionais analisei, em cada subcampo, as características das instituições que projetam sua marca distintiva, as características socioeconômicas das famílias, as percepções das famílias sobre a imagem de qualidade das escolas, as razões da escolha, os critérios de seleção dos estabelecimentos escolares e as estratégias mobilizadas pelas famílias e pelas escolas nas escolhas. A pesquisa mostrou que há homologias entre os subcampos nas estratégias das famílias, que procuram garantir a escolarização dos filhos numa instituição de qualidade, e nas estratégias das instituições, que procuram assegurar o bom desempenho dos alunos e sua marca distintiva, no sentido de favorecer a manutenção ou a mudança de sua posição em cada subcampo. / [en] Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu s researches, this work presents the homologies in the strategies undertaken by the agents and the private and public institutions studied in the city of Rio de Janeiro to ensure their positions in their respective subfields of the educational field. The research is part of the investigation organized by SOCED / PUC-Rio - Institutional Contexts and the Construction of Quality Teaching in Basic Education and investigates eight prestigious schools of Rio de Janeiro: four private and four municipal. In constructing the data analysis, different instruments were used, not always the same for private and public schools, such as reports, field diaries, websites, interviews, documents and questionnaires given to parents, students and teachers of the institutions surveyed. Several bases were prepared in the software Sphinx 5.0, a program with friendly interface that facilitates interpretation and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Besides this program, the SPSS - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to enable exploratory factor analysis of two groups of variables in the questionnaire of the parents. To investigate the homologies in family and institutional strategies in each subfield, were analyzed the characteristics of the institutions that design its hallmark, the socioeconomic characteristics of households, the perceptions of families about the image quality of schools, the reasons for choosing, the selection criteria of schools and the strategies used by families and schools in choices. The research has shown that there are homologies between the subfields in the strategies of families, searching for ensure schooling for children in a quality school, and in the strategies of institutions, seeking to ensure the good performance of pupils and their distinctive mark, in order to contribute to the conservation or change in their position in each subfield.

[pt] Esta pesquisa estudou o fenômeno da repetência em um contexto pouco pesquisado– colégios de prestígio e camadas médias e altas. Apoiada em Revel (1998), assumi como estratégia para o estudo o jogo de escalas. O trabalho se divide em quatro partes que, em escalas diferentes, buscam analisar o fenômeno: na sua magnitude e no processo concreto de reprovação. A primeira parte com os dados do PISA de 2006 realizei uma comparação do risco de atraso escolar no Brasil com outros três países: o México, a Argentina e a Colômbia, considerando o nível socioeconômico e a dependência administrativa da escola, controlando os resultados pelo desempenho dos estudantes em leitura. Vi que o risco de defasagem é muito maior no Brasil do que nos outros países mesmo entre os alunos das camadas mais altas. Na segunda parte construí um panorama do fluxo escolar em 15 escolas entre as de maior pontuação pelo ranqueamento feito pelo Enem. Constatei que todas as escolas reprovam seus alunos, mas que existem diferentes padrões de reprovação. Na terceira parte do trabalho analisei a entrada e a saída dos alunos ao longo dos 11 anos necessários para a formatura de uma geração em duas escolas de prestígio, fiz o que chamei de ciclo de série. Observei que os níveis de reprovação têm dois pontos altos: na sexta e na sétima série, e no primeiro ano do ensino médio, praticamente inexiste a reprovação no primeiro segmento do ensino fundamental. Para cada dez alunos que entram nessas escolas apenas três se formam sem reprovações. A última parte do trabalho foi a observação dos conselhos de classe de uma das escolas pesquisadas anteriormente. A enturmação das turmas e a manutenção das médias em zona de corte favoreceram a possibilidade de reprovar os alunos. No momento da avaliação final destaca-se a importância de um tipo específico de envolvimento familiar e a melhor adequação dos alunos das camadas médias no projeto de escolas de prestígio. / [en] This dissertation analyzed the phenomenon of school failure in the light of an under-studied context: that of prestigious schools and middle to upper and classes. Based upon Revel (1998), we adopted the game of scales as our analytical strategy. The dissertation is divided into four parts which, in different measures, endeavor to study this phenomenon both in its magnitude and in the concrete process of school failure, by means of a microanalysis. Beginning with the PISA 2006 data, we compared the risk of being held back on probation in school in Brazil with that of three other countries: Mexico, Argentina and Colombia, considering their socioeconomic status and the schools management dependencies, using the students reading performance as a control measure. We found that the risk of probation holdup is much higher in Brazil than in other countries, even among students from high income social classes. In the second part of this study we charted the school attendance flux in 15 schools amongst those of highest standing in the Enem ranking. We found that all schools fail their students, but that there are different failure standards. In the third part of this study we sought to understand the entry and exit of students throughout the 11 years required for one generation to graduate by examining two prestigious schools, and establishing what we named a Cycle series. We observed that school failure levels reach their three critical moments in the 6th and 7th grades, and that for the junior (1st) year of high school, they are practically nonexistent in the first segment of basic education. For every ten students entering these schools, only three graduate without ever failing a grade. The last part of this study was the observation of student evaluation board meetings in the previously surveyed schools. Class composition and maintenance in the cutoff section favored the possibility of failing students. Our final evaluation highlights the importance of a specific sort of family involvement and how middleincome students tend to fit in better with these prestigious schools projects.