Magistro tezėse analizuojama teorinė darnios plėtros koncepcija, jos įvairialypė samprata. Pristatytas apibendrintas požiūris pagal ekologinę, socialinę ir ekonominę grupes. Aptariami darnios plėtros principai, darnumo formos. Tezėse gilinamasi į tai, kokią įtaka darni koncepcija turi turizmui. Darnus turizmas aptariamas kaip regiono galimybė sukurti tokią turizmo infrastruktūrą, kurioje būtų išlaikoma natūralių gamtinių išteklių bazė ir tuo pat metu būtų kuriama panaši į konkurentų rinką ateities kartoms. Pateikiama darnaus turizmo samprata, kuriami darnios turizmo plėtros principai išryškinantys darnios turizmo koncepcijos ypatumus lyginant su bendra darnumo koncepcija. Siekiant užtikrinti Lietuvos, kaip unikalaus turistinio regiono, konkurencinį pranašumą kitų šalių atžvilgiu tezėse atskleidžiamos turistinio regiono savitumo, kultūrinio ir istorinio paveldo apsaugos problemos, kurias siūloma spręsti taikant darnios turizmo plėtros koncepciją. Magistro tezėse remiantis išanalizuotais teoriniais darnumo aspektais, užsienio šalių patirtimi turizmo sektoriuje ir pirminio tyrimo rezultatais yra suformuojami Lietuvos darnios turizmo plėtros principai. Suformuoti Lietuvos darnios turizmo plėtros principai yra aktualūs šiandien, turizmo pramonei, jie leis efektyviai vystyti darnų turizmą Lietuvoje, skatins intensyvesnį principų taikymą rengiant turizmo strategijas, planus ir vietos veiksmus, užtikrins darnios turizmo plėtros sistemos ir darnios turizmo plėtros modelio palaikymą ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master thesis theoretically analyzes the conception of sustainable development and its miscellaneous understanding. It presents a summarized point of view according to ecological, social and economic groups, overviews the principles of sustainable development and forms of sustainability. The thesis discusses the influence that the concept of sustainability has on tourism. Sustainable tourism is overviewed as region’s possibility to create infrastructure of tourism which would maintain the base of natural resources and at the same time would create a similar to competitors’ market for the future generations. The concept of sustainable tourism is presented, the principles of sustainable tourism development, which highlight peculiarities of the conception of sustainable tourism comparing it to the conception of sustainability, are created. To ensure competitive superiority of Lithuania as a unique tourism region comparing to other countries, the thesis presents the problems of unique tourism region, protection of cultural and historical heritage, and suggests solving them by applying the conception of sustainable tourism development. Based on the analyzed theoretical aspects of sustainability, foreign countries’ experience in the tourism sector and the results of primary research, the principles of sustainable tourism development in Lithuania are formulated. The formulated principles of sustainable tourism development in Lithuania today are important in tourism industry. They... [to full text]

Esta é uma tese sobre Geografia e Turismo. O problema investigado: como Porto Alegre (RS), metrópole regional de 1,4 milhão de habitantes, constitui-se em destino turístico? O relato desse trajeto investigativo foi estruturado em quatro momentos. Em um primeiro movimento se buscou visitar as controvérsias sobre a episteme do Turismo e o modo em que a Geografia tem se dedicado a esse campo de estudos. Posteriormente se procurou interpretar a relação entre Turismo e urbano. Apresentou-se uma tipologia de locais urbanos investidos pelo Turismo, sublinhando a variedade de modos que os espaços podem ser turísticos. Neste conjunto está a cidade com função turística e a cidade de trânsito, que parecem corresponder à realidade de Porto Alegre. Investigou-se a maneira como o Turismo passa a ser um signo de urbanidade que atua no coração das metrópoles e na arquitetura produtiva do capitalismo contemporâneo. Considerando esse percurso teórico, buscou-se então uma melhor compreensão da situação de Porto Alegre. Assim, foi feita uma breve revisão da evolução urbana da cidade e sua vinculação com o Turismo. Avaliou-se a situação e a inserção de Porto Alegre na dinâmica global do Sistema Turismo a partir de uma análise com indicadores em três escalas: global, nacional e local. Tendo em vista esse contexto, se propôs então o exame da produção do discurso turístico sobre Porto Alegre. Para isso foi analisado um corpus de 135 documentos produzidos entre 1915 e 2015, incluíndo guias de viagem, folhetos, catálogos, reportagens de revistas e jornais, além de um recorte da base de dados de comentários da plataforma Trip Advisor. Esse corpus serviu de subsídio para quatro roteiros investigativos No roteiro A examinou-se o caráter pragmático dessa literatura e tem como resultado um quadro das cenografias (MAINGUENEAU, 2011) dos enunciados turísticos sobre Porto Alegre. No roteiro B, em analogia as 'cidades invisíveis' de Calvino, descreveu-se as balizas e os marcadores a partir dos quais constituí-se uma intencionalidade turística sobre Porto Alegre. No roteiro C tomou-se os documentos do corpus como testemunhos dos arranjos institucionais e espaciais que permitiram a emergência das iniciativas e políticas de turistificação de Porto Alegre. No roteiro D analisou-se quais são as práticas turísticas existentes em Porto Alegre, onde se localizam, e aponta um quadro com as trajetórias possíveis das dinâmicas dos lugares turísticos da cidade. Em geral, constata-se que Porto Alegre apresenta as características dos tipos espaciais cidade com função turística e cidade de trânsito. O Turismo na cidade sofre tanto uma concorrência interna, de outras mobilidades e atividades, quanto externa, em competição com outros destinos em um sistema mais amplo. Essa concorrência e a pluralidade caraterística de atividades em uma metrópole contribuem para certa invisibilidade do Turismo na dinâmica da cidade. O sistema turístico de Porto Alegre é intermitente e vulnerável, fortalecendo-se ou debilitando-se ao sabor da conjuntura local e extra-local. Entretanto, não se podem desprezar as variadas iniciativas e políticas de ativação turística do território porto-alegrense, que recebe 3,5 milhões de visitantes anuais, muitos em projeto de descoberta turística da cidade. / This thesis is about Geography and Tourism. It's research problem is how Porto Alegre, the southernmost brazilian metropolis with 1,4 million inhabitants, becomes a tourist destination? The text is structured in four chapters. Firstly there is a review on the controversies of tourism definitons and on the way that the geographical science has dedicated itself to this field of inquiry. The following goal was to interpret the relation between tourism and urban. A typology of urban sites invested by tourism is presented, in which is stressed the variety of ways that spaces might be touristic. Among those there are the city with a tourist function and transportation hub, which seems to fit Porto Alegre's reality. Another concerning topic it the way by which tourism becomes a sign of urbanity that is active in the heart of today's metropolises and capitalism productive architecture. Considering this theoretical path, a better understanding about the situation of Porto Alegre is seeked. Therefore, it is presented a brief description of the city's urban evolution and its ties to tourism. To assess the situation and insertion of Porto Alegre in the global dynamics of the Tourism System, an analysis with indicators operating in three scales: global, national and local is displayed. Minding this context, it is proposed an analysis upon the production of tourism discourse about Porto Alegre. In order to so it was collected a corpus of 135 documents, issued between 1915 and 2015, including tourist guidebooks, leaflets, catalogs, magazine and newspaper's coverage, and also the Trip Advisor database From these documents' analysis, four research paths are followed. Route A examines the pragmatic feature of this literature and as a result it presents a table of Porto Alegre's tourist statements scenography (MAINGUENEAU, 2011). Route B, in analogy to Calvino's 'invisible cities', describes the markers from which the tourist intention upon Porto Alegre was constructed. Route C considers this documents corpus as witnesses of the institutional and spatial settings that allowed Porto Alegre's touristification initiatives and policies to emerge. Route D analyses which are the tourist performances existing in Porto Alegre, where they are located, and points to a set of possible tourist city places' dynamics. Broadly, it appears that Porto Alegre displays the characteristics of the space type city with tourist function and transportation hub. Tourism in the city suffers both from an internal concurrency, with other mobilities and activities, and an external one, competing with other tourist destinations in a broader system. This competition and the typical plurality of the activities in a metropolis contributes to a certain invisibility of tourism in the city's dynamics. The tourist system in Porto Alegre is unsteady and vulnerable, strengthening or weakening, according to external or internal conjuctures. Nonetheless, the multiple attempts and policies of touristifing Porto Alegre's territory cannot be dismissed, as well as its 3,5 annual million visitors, many of those planning to discover the city as tourists.

<p>Tourism is a spatial phenomenon. Tourist behaviour on-site is not only dependent on the destination itself, but also on the situation in other places, tourists’ spatial mobility and access to information. On the basis of this argument, the whole tourism system is taken into account in this thesis. The aim is to analyse the interplay between mobility, tourist behaviour and guidebooks. The focus lies on German tourists in Sweden. Due to the importance of guidebooks to this visitor group, the thesis concentrates particularly on guidebooks as source of information.</p><p>In the first article, power relations that steer the selection of Swedish tourist sites in German guidebooks are analysed. The results show that the selection of tourist sites is dependent on personal, editorial, geographical, economic and tourism-sociological factors. The production of information is dependent on a complex web of power relations, the core of which is constituted by authors, publishers and readers.</p><p>In the second article, the content in German guidebooks on Sweden is analysed. Besides Stockholm and Northern Lapland, the regions presented most frequently are usually located in the south of the country. It is found that guidebooks influence German tourists’ choices of tourist sites in Sweden, and that this influence increases with the distance from Germany. The study also shows that guidebooks contribute to constructing tourism space and providing places with meaning.</p><p>In the third article, it is shown that information and time availability influence tourist mobility. The existence of an individual travel rhythm is confirmed, which is defined as a travel pattern that is independent of the tourist sites that are visited. It includes, among other things, long travel distances the first and last days of the holiday, a short first stay-over, the longest stay in the region with the greatest distance from home, and a relation between the length of stay at one place and the distance covered when departing.</p><p>In the last article, tourist behaviour is analysed. The results dispel the predominant impression in current tourism discourse that states that tourists are continually active during their holidays. It is found that the major difference between home and tourist behaviour is not constituted by the activities themselves, but by a difference in place, followed by a slower pace in which activities are performed and a limited time period. Spatial mobility, the characteristics of place and access to information all influence tourist behaviour on-site.</p><p>In conclusion, it is found that tourist information, mobility and behaviour on the spot are closely connected. Tourists consume the tourism space created in guidebooks, and recreate this space when travelling, as they choose individually how to respond to the information provided. Actors, places and tourist structures all exist in relation to each other. For the resulting behaviour in place, this means that it is not only the supply at the destination that is important, but also the situation in tourists’ home regions and along their travel routes.</p>

Tourism is a spatial phenomenon. Tourist behaviour on-site is not only dependent on the destination itself, but also on the situation in other places, tourists’ spatial mobility and access to information. On the basis of this argument, the whole tourism system is taken into account in this thesis. The aim is to analyse the interplay between mobility, tourist behaviour and guidebooks. The focus lies on German tourists in Sweden. Due to the importance of guidebooks to this visitor group, the thesis concentrates particularly on guidebooks as source of information. In the first article, power relations that steer the selection of Swedish tourist sites in German guidebooks are analysed. The results show that the selection of tourist sites is dependent on personal, editorial, geographical, economic and tourism-sociological factors. The production of information is dependent on a complex web of power relations, the core of which is constituted by authors, publishers and readers. In the second article, the content in German guidebooks on Sweden is analysed. Besides Stockholm and Northern Lapland, the regions presented most frequently are usually located in the south of the country. It is found that guidebooks influence German tourists’ choices of tourist sites in Sweden, and that this influence increases with the distance from Germany. The study also shows that guidebooks contribute to constructing tourism space and providing places with meaning. In the third article, it is shown that information and time availability influence tourist mobility. The existence of an individual travel rhythm is confirmed, which is defined as a travel pattern that is independent of the tourist sites that are visited. It includes, among other things, long travel distances the first and last days of the holiday, a short first stay-over, the longest stay in the region with the greatest distance from home, and a relation between the length of stay at one place and the distance covered when departing. In the last article, tourist behaviour is analysed. The results dispel the predominant impression in current tourism discourse that states that tourists are continually active during their holidays. It is found that the major difference between home and tourist behaviour is not constituted by the activities themselves, but by a difference in place, followed by a slower pace in which activities are performed and a limited time period. Spatial mobility, the characteristics of place and access to information all influence tourist behaviour on-site. In conclusion, it is found that tourist information, mobility and behaviour on the spot are closely connected. Tourists consume the tourism space created in guidebooks, and recreate this space when travelling, as they choose individually how to respond to the information provided. Actors, places and tourist structures all exist in relation to each other. For the resulting behaviour in place, this means that it is not only the supply at the destination that is important, but also the situation in tourists’ home regions and along their travel routes.

Esta é uma tese sobre Geografia e Turismo. O problema investigado: como Porto Alegre (RS), metrópole regional de 1,4 milhão de habitantes, constitui-se em destino turístico? O relato desse trajeto investigativo foi estruturado em quatro momentos. Em um primeiro movimento se buscou visitar as controvérsias sobre a episteme do Turismo e o modo em que a Geografia tem se dedicado a esse campo de estudos. Posteriormente se procurou interpretar a relação entre Turismo e urbano. Apresentou-se uma tipologia de locais urbanos investidos pelo Turismo, sublinhando a variedade de modos que os espaços podem ser turísticos. Neste conjunto está a cidade com função turística e a cidade de trânsito, que parecem corresponder à realidade de Porto Alegre. Investigou-se a maneira como o Turismo passa a ser um signo de urbanidade que atua no coração das metrópoles e na arquitetura produtiva do capitalismo contemporâneo. Considerando esse percurso teórico, buscou-se então uma melhor compreensão da situação de Porto Alegre. Assim, foi feita uma breve revisão da evolução urbana da cidade e sua vinculação com o Turismo. Avaliou-se a situação e a inserção de Porto Alegre na dinâmica global do Sistema Turismo a partir de uma análise com indicadores em três escalas: global, nacional e local. Tendo em vista esse contexto, se propôs então o exame da produção do discurso turístico sobre Porto Alegre. Para isso foi analisado um corpus de 135 documentos produzidos entre 1915 e 2015, incluíndo guias de viagem, folhetos, catálogos, reportagens de revistas e jornais, além de um recorte da base de dados de comentários da plataforma Trip Advisor. Esse corpus serviu de subsídio para quatro roteiros investigativos No roteiro A examinou-se o caráter pragmático dessa literatura e tem como resultado um quadro das cenografias (MAINGUENEAU, 2011) dos enunciados turísticos sobre Porto Alegre. No roteiro B, em analogia as 'cidades invisíveis' de Calvino, descreveu-se as balizas e os marcadores a partir dos quais constituí-se uma intencionalidade turística sobre Porto Alegre. No roteiro C tomou-se os documentos do corpus como testemunhos dos arranjos institucionais e espaciais que permitiram a emergência das iniciativas e políticas de turistificação de Porto Alegre. No roteiro D analisou-se quais são as práticas turísticas existentes em Porto Alegre, onde se localizam, e aponta um quadro com as trajetórias possíveis das dinâmicas dos lugares turísticos da cidade. Em geral, constata-se que Porto Alegre apresenta as características dos tipos espaciais cidade com função turística e cidade de trânsito. O Turismo na cidade sofre tanto uma concorrência interna, de outras mobilidades e atividades, quanto externa, em competição com outros destinos em um sistema mais amplo. Essa concorrência e a pluralidade caraterística de atividades em uma metrópole contribuem para certa invisibilidade do Turismo na dinâmica da cidade. O sistema turístico de Porto Alegre é intermitente e vulnerável, fortalecendo-se ou debilitando-se ao sabor da conjuntura local e extra-local. Entretanto, não se podem desprezar as variadas iniciativas e políticas de ativação turística do território porto-alegrense, que recebe 3,5 milhões de visitantes anuais, muitos em projeto de descoberta turística da cidade. / This thesis is about Geography and Tourism. It's research problem is how Porto Alegre, the southernmost brazilian metropolis with 1,4 million inhabitants, becomes a tourist destination? The text is structured in four chapters. Firstly there is a review on the controversies of tourism definitons and on the way that the geographical science has dedicated itself to this field of inquiry. The following goal was to interpret the relation between tourism and urban. A typology of urban sites invested by tourism is presented, in which is stressed the variety of ways that spaces might be touristic. Among those there are the city with a tourist function and transportation hub, which seems to fit Porto Alegre's reality. Another concerning topic it the way by which tourism becomes a sign of urbanity that is active in the heart of today's metropolises and capitalism productive architecture. Considering this theoretical path, a better understanding about the situation of Porto Alegre is seeked. Therefore, it is presented a brief description of the city's urban evolution and its ties to tourism. To assess the situation and insertion of Porto Alegre in the global dynamics of the Tourism System, an analysis with indicators operating in three scales: global, national and local is displayed. Minding this context, it is proposed an analysis upon the production of tourism discourse about Porto Alegre. In order to so it was collected a corpus of 135 documents, issued between 1915 and 2015, including tourist guidebooks, leaflets, catalogs, magazine and newspaper's coverage, and also the Trip Advisor database From these documents' analysis, four research paths are followed. Route A examines the pragmatic feature of this literature and as a result it presents a table of Porto Alegre's tourist statements scenography (MAINGUENEAU, 2011). Route B, in analogy to Calvino's 'invisible cities', describes the markers from which the tourist intention upon Porto Alegre was constructed. Route C considers this documents corpus as witnesses of the institutional and spatial settings that allowed Porto Alegre's touristification initiatives and policies to emerge. Route D analyses which are the tourist performances existing in Porto Alegre, where they are located, and points to a set of possible tourist city places' dynamics. Broadly, it appears that Porto Alegre displays the characteristics of the space type city with tourist function and transportation hub. Tourism in the city suffers both from an internal concurrency, with other mobilities and activities, and an external one, competing with other tourist destinations in a broader system. This competition and the typical plurality of the activities in a metropolis contributes to a certain invisibility of tourism in the city's dynamics. The tourist system in Porto Alegre is unsteady and vulnerable, strengthening or weakening, according to external or internal conjuctures. Nonetheless, the multiple attempts and policies of touristifing Porto Alegre's territory cannot be dismissed, as well as its 3,5 annual million visitors, many of those planning to discover the city as tourists.

Esta é uma tese sobre Geografia e Turismo. O problema investigado: como Porto Alegre (RS), metrópole regional de 1,4 milhão de habitantes, constitui-se em destino turístico? O relato desse trajeto investigativo foi estruturado em quatro momentos. Em um primeiro movimento se buscou visitar as controvérsias sobre a episteme do Turismo e o modo em que a Geografia tem se dedicado a esse campo de estudos. Posteriormente se procurou interpretar a relação entre Turismo e urbano. Apresentou-se uma tipologia de locais urbanos investidos pelo Turismo, sublinhando a variedade de modos que os espaços podem ser turísticos. Neste conjunto está a cidade com função turística e a cidade de trânsito, que parecem corresponder à realidade de Porto Alegre. Investigou-se a maneira como o Turismo passa a ser um signo de urbanidade que atua no coração das metrópoles e na arquitetura produtiva do capitalismo contemporâneo. Considerando esse percurso teórico, buscou-se então uma melhor compreensão da situação de Porto Alegre. Assim, foi feita uma breve revisão da evolução urbana da cidade e sua vinculação com o Turismo. Avaliou-se a situação e a inserção de Porto Alegre na dinâmica global do Sistema Turismo a partir de uma análise com indicadores em três escalas: global, nacional e local. Tendo em vista esse contexto, se propôs então o exame da produção do discurso turístico sobre Porto Alegre. Para isso foi analisado um corpus de 135 documentos produzidos entre 1915 e 2015, incluíndo guias de viagem, folhetos, catálogos, reportagens de revistas e jornais, além de um recorte da base de dados de comentários da plataforma Trip Advisor. Esse corpus serviu de subsídio para quatro roteiros investigativos No roteiro A examinou-se o caráter pragmático dessa literatura e tem como resultado um quadro das cenografias (MAINGUENEAU, 2011) dos enunciados turísticos sobre Porto Alegre. No roteiro B, em analogia as 'cidades invisíveis' de Calvino, descreveu-se as balizas e os marcadores a partir dos quais constituí-se uma intencionalidade turística sobre Porto Alegre. No roteiro C tomou-se os documentos do corpus como testemunhos dos arranjos institucionais e espaciais que permitiram a emergência das iniciativas e políticas de turistificação de Porto Alegre. No roteiro D analisou-se quais são as práticas turísticas existentes em Porto Alegre, onde se localizam, e aponta um quadro com as trajetórias possíveis das dinâmicas dos lugares turísticos da cidade. Em geral, constata-se que Porto Alegre apresenta as características dos tipos espaciais cidade com função turística e cidade de trânsito. O Turismo na cidade sofre tanto uma concorrência interna, de outras mobilidades e atividades, quanto externa, em competição com outros destinos em um sistema mais amplo. Essa concorrência e a pluralidade caraterística de atividades em uma metrópole contribuem para certa invisibilidade do Turismo na dinâmica da cidade. O sistema turístico de Porto Alegre é intermitente e vulnerável, fortalecendo-se ou debilitando-se ao sabor da conjuntura local e extra-local. Entretanto, não se podem desprezar as variadas iniciativas e políticas de ativação turística do território porto-alegrense, que recebe 3,5 milhões de visitantes anuais, muitos em projeto de descoberta turística da cidade. / This thesis is about Geography and Tourism. It's research problem is how Porto Alegre, the southernmost brazilian metropolis with 1,4 million inhabitants, becomes a tourist destination? The text is structured in four chapters. Firstly there is a review on the controversies of tourism definitons and on the way that the geographical science has dedicated itself to this field of inquiry. The following goal was to interpret the relation between tourism and urban. A typology of urban sites invested by tourism is presented, in which is stressed the variety of ways that spaces might be touristic. Among those there are the city with a tourist function and transportation hub, which seems to fit Porto Alegre's reality. Another concerning topic it the way by which tourism becomes a sign of urbanity that is active in the heart of today's metropolises and capitalism productive architecture. Considering this theoretical path, a better understanding about the situation of Porto Alegre is seeked. Therefore, it is presented a brief description of the city's urban evolution and its ties to tourism. To assess the situation and insertion of Porto Alegre in the global dynamics of the Tourism System, an analysis with indicators operating in three scales: global, national and local is displayed. Minding this context, it is proposed an analysis upon the production of tourism discourse about Porto Alegre. In order to so it was collected a corpus of 135 documents, issued between 1915 and 2015, including tourist guidebooks, leaflets, catalogs, magazine and newspaper's coverage, and also the Trip Advisor database From these documents' analysis, four research paths are followed. Route A examines the pragmatic feature of this literature and as a result it presents a table of Porto Alegre's tourist statements scenography (MAINGUENEAU, 2011). Route B, in analogy to Calvino's 'invisible cities', describes the markers from which the tourist intention upon Porto Alegre was constructed. Route C considers this documents corpus as witnesses of the institutional and spatial settings that allowed Porto Alegre's touristification initiatives and policies to emerge. Route D analyses which are the tourist performances existing in Porto Alegre, where they are located, and points to a set of possible tourist city places' dynamics. Broadly, it appears that Porto Alegre displays the characteristics of the space type city with tourist function and transportation hub. Tourism in the city suffers both from an internal concurrency, with other mobilities and activities, and an external one, competing with other tourist destinations in a broader system. This competition and the typical plurality of the activities in a metropolis contributes to a certain invisibility of tourism in the city's dynamics. The tourist system in Porto Alegre is unsteady and vulnerable, strengthening or weakening, according to external or internal conjuctures. Nonetheless, the multiple attempts and policies of touristifing Porto Alegre's territory cannot be dismissed, as well as its 3,5 annual million visitors, many of those planning to discover the city as tourists.

Denna studie syftar till att skönja vilken motståndskraft aktörer inom besöksnäringen i Karlstad, har mot pågående Corona-pandemi. De deltagande aktörerna arbetar inom sektorerna hotell-restaurang, event, transport samt offentlig sektor. Dessa sektorer har valts ut för att påvisa från olika delar av besöksnäringen, hur motståndskraften hos aktörerna möjligen skiljer sig åt och för att få olika perspektiv på studien. Studien har tittat på vilka olika lösningar som arbetats fram av aktörerna, samt vad statens och kommunens roll har varit under pandemin. Det utgås också från ett fokus på kriser och krisplanering, samt vad forskningen säger om pandemiers involvering i krisplanering. Vad händer när en pandemi slår till och restriktioner från staten begränsar människors möjlighet att resa och befinna sig i folksamlingar. På så vis har staten en betydande roll i vår studie, då restriktioner och krispaket bidragit till att förändra besöksnäringen. Hur aktörerna har tagit del av dessa krispaket utfärdat av staten är också av betydande för studien, då det påvisar en länk mellan den offentliga och privata sektorn, varpå alla roller behövs för att skapa en enhetlig besöksnäring som klarar sig genom kriser. Människors mobilitet är i allra högsta grad kopplat till det turistiska systemet, vad händer då när en länk av detta bryts och begränsning av resandet görs. Har det skapats lösningar för att anpassa företagen mot rådande omständigheter, när resandet har begränsats. En fråga av betydelse är om det går att skönja några samarbeten inom besöksnäringen och hur aktörerna ser på framtiden. Studien utgår från aktuell forskning, som stärker aktörernas argument hur rådande omständigheter i pandemin upplevs. För att för att få en realistisk bild över motståndskraften, mot pandemin, har en kvalitativ metod i form av djupgående intervjuer med olika aktörer inom besöksnäringen gjorts. Aktuell statistik har analyserats, gällande arbetsmarknadsläget, som stärker studiens resultat. Där har statistik gällande korttids-permitteringar och varsel på nationell och regional nivå analyserats, för att få en lägesbild av hur situationen ser ut på arbetsmarknaden inom besöksnäringen. Studiens syfte är således att kunna utläsa vilken motståndskraft besöksnäringen hade mot Corona-pandemin, genom att koppla ihop forskningen med intervjumaterialet och statistiken, för att på så vis kunna utläsa ett resultat.  På vilket sätt en pandemi påverkat besöksnäringen blev av allra högsta betydande för studien och det som studien utgår från, genom att se på olika aktörers motståndskraft inom besöksnäringen i Karlstad. Detta då motståndskraften hänger ihop med turismsystemet och alla delar är betydande för att skapa en fungerande besöksnäring. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience amongst different actors in the tourism industry in the city of Karlstad, during the ongoing outbreak of the Corona-pandemic. Solutions within the structural boundaries of society and tourism is of interest, to see how the actors has managed to handle their current situation. The importance of the role from the state and the municipality is also a factor, not least the travel restrictions which has been imposed on the mobility of tourists. The crisis packages provided by the state is a solution of interest to the study as well. The actors use of these crisis packages and their implementation of crisis planning and management has also been studied, to see how crisis like a pandemic affects the whole structure of the tourism system.Kvalitative method has been applied in this study including depth interviews with different local actors from different sectors in the tourism industry. These sectors involve hotel and restaurants, events, transportation and the public sector. Statistics from the Swedish Employment Agency and the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth has also been used to illustrate the growing rate of people within the tourism sector being subjected to notice of termination, whichindicates the gravity of the pandemics impact on our society. The material collected from the interviews and the statistical data has been interlinked in order to answer the research questions and purpose of this study, regarding the resilience amongst the tourist actors.

Viešojo administravimo magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, kadangi Lietuvai įstojus į Europos Sąjungą vis svarbesnis šalies turizmo vaidmuo ne tik Europoje, bet ir kitose užsienio šalyse. Turizmo industrijos plėtra labai priklauso nuo informacinių paslaugų sistemos išvystymo, kuri skatina vietinį ir atvykstamąjį turizmą. Turizmo informacinių ir rinkodaros paslaugų plėtros išplėtojimą lemia ES struktūrinės paramos fondai, kurių dėka projektų įgyvendinimas yra būdas Lietuvos ir jos regionų mastu pagerinti viešąją turizmo infrastruktūrą. Spartėjant turizmo plėtrai ir turizmo informacijos sklaidai Lietuvoje, viena iš aktualių problemų yra viešosios turizmo informacinės infrastruktūros trūkumas Lietuvos regionuose. Tyrimo objektas – turizmo informacinių paslaugų sistema Lietuvoje ir užsienyje. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti turizmo informacinių paslaugų sistemą viešajame sektoriuje. Hipotezė: Lietuvos miestuose ir rajonuose nėra tinkamai išplėtota viešoji turizmo informacijos infrastruktūra. Tyrimo metodika: mokslinės literatūros analizė, teisinių dokumentų analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė, anketinė apklausa, interviu, SSGG analizė. Teisiniai dokumentai reglamentuoja turizmo informacinių paslaugų sistemos organizavimą bei viešųjų įstaigų, teikiančių informacines paslaugas, steigimą. Lietuvoje turizmas prasideda nuo nacionalinio turizmo, kur turi būti išvystytas vietos turizmas, skatinantis užsienio turistus atvykti į Lietuvą. Tačiau siekiant tai įgyvendinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master thesis on public administration is very relevant since Lithuania joined European Union and tourism is taking a more sizeable role not only in Europe but also in other foreign countries. The expansion of tourism industry depends on information service system development, which promotes local and international tourism. The development of tourism information and marketing services determines the size of received support from EU’s structural funds. Implementation of such projects is the way to develop the public tourism infrastructure of Lithuania and its regions. While tourism business is expanding together with information’s about tourism penetration the remaining problem is the lack of public tourism information infrastructure in Lithuania regions. Investigation object – tourism information service’s system in Lithuania and abroad. Investigation purpose – to analyse information services system of tourism in public sector. Hypothesis: public tourism information infrastructure in Lithuania cities and regions is not properly developed. Methodology of investigation: analysis of scientific literature, analysis of law documents, analysis of statistical data, questionnaire, interview, SWOT analysis. Documents of law regulate the organization of tourism information services system and establishment of public institutions’ which provide information services. Lithuania’s tourism starts from national tourism, where local tourism has to be developed and promoted to tourists from... [to full text]

Att utöva turism- och fritidsaktiviteter är en väsentlig del i många människors liv, men för personer med funktionsnedsättningar (PmF) är genomförandet av sådana aktiviteter långt från lika självklara. Frågan om aktivt deltagande och inkludering av PmF i samhällets alla delar lyfts allt mer och kraven på tillgänglighet ökar. Därav syftar denna studie till att undersöka på vilka sätt turism- och aktivitetsföretag i Jämtlands län arbetar med att anpassa sina aktiviteter för att kunna inkludera individer med fysisk funktionsnedsättning. För att uppnå syftet var en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer studiens huvudsakliga metodologiska verktyg för insamling av empiriska data. Resultatet tyder på att majoriteten av verksamheterna inte erbjuder aktiviteter som är specifikt anpassade för PmF men att en del av utbudet går att kan anpassa om efterfrågan skulle uppstå. Marknadens efterfrågan styr verksamhetens utbud av aktiviteter och en bristande efterfrågan från PmF på tillgängliga aktiviteter har identifierats. Studiens slutsats beskriver att den bristande efterfrågan från PmF ligger till grund för det bristande utbudet av tillgängliga aktiviteter samt att verksamheterna anger resurser såsom kunskap och ekonomiska faktorer som utmanade vid utvecklingen av tillgänglighetsanpassade aktiviteter. / Tourism and leisure activities are an essential part of many people's lives, but for people with disabilities (PwD), their involvement can be highly conditional. The issue of active participation and the inclusion of PwD in all parts of society is increasingly being raised and the need for accessibility is growing. This study aims to investigate how tourism and activity companies in Jämtland County works to adapt and customize their activities to include individuals with physical disabilities. The study had a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews as the key focus for collecting empirical data. The result indicates that the majority of businesses do not currently offer activities that are specifically tailored to PwD, but for most of the companies these activities can be adjusted if there is a demand for it. Market demand controls the companies’ range of activities and a lack of demand from PwD for accessible activities has been identified. The conclusion describes that the absence of demand from PwD is the reason for the lack of accessible activities  and that the companies specify resources such as knowledge and financial factors as challenging for the development of accessible activities. / <p>2020-06-08</p>