Notre approche concernant Maria Casarès est une découverte de son art où sa propre recherche tient une place importante. Elle est en effet une des figures de proue du théâtre de la deuxième moitié du XXème siècle qui poursuit sa route jusqu'à devenir une Figure du théâtre français. D'elle, on garde les visages de la Mort d'Orphée de Cocteau ou de la femme fatale des Dames du Bois de Boulogne de Bresson, sa participation au T.N.P. Et pourtant ceci ne constitue qu'une étape dans une trajectoire où la comédienne va s'enrichir à chaque fois de ses propres découvertes. Au delà de son image de monstre sacré, on se rend compte que Maria Casarès est d'abord une comédienne qui se crée une manière propre d'aborder la scène. Par son art authentique, elle possède une poétique de l'acteur. Celle-ci la situe dans un cheminement nomade où elle traverse les courants du théâtre, dans une quête à la fois artistique et identitaire. C'est cette trajectoire qu'elle partage avec des metteurs en scène complices, de Marcel Herrand à Jorge Lavelli, en passant par Jean Vilar, Bernard Sobel, Bruno Bayen, Patrice Chéreau, Denis Llorca, Jean Gillibert, Maurice Béjart entre autres. / Our approach to Maria Casarès is a discovery of her art where her own research has an important place. She is effectively one of the figureheads in the theatre of the second half of the 20th century. Because of her, we remember the faces in "La mort d'Orphée" by Cocteau, or la femme fatale in "Les dames du Bois de Boulogne" by Bresson, her participation at the T.N.P. Even so, these are only steps in a future where the actress will enrich her knowledge by her own discoveries. Beyond her reputation as a master in the art of theatre we realise that Maria Casarès is above all an actress who invented her personal way to approach the stage. With her authentic art she possessed the poetics of an actor. This is her nomadic road, where she navigates through theatre in a search which is at the same time identity and art. On this path she shares her search with her director friends, Marcel Herrand and Jorge Lavelli. Also with Jean Vilar, Bernard Sobel, Bruno Bayen, Patrice Chéreau, Denis Llorca, Jean Gillibert, Maurice Béjart and others.

Quels sens, quelle valeur, quelle portée pour la pensée et pour la pratique politique est-il possible d'attribuer au concept de theatrum philosophicum, de philosophie-théâtre ? Le présent travail se propose d'explorer des pistes de réponse à ces questions à travers l’œuvre de Michel Foucault. Il parcourt les concepts, les textes et les instruments dramatiques utilisés par Foucault, pour interroger ce que le théâtre peut « faire » à la philosophie, lorsque cette dernière renonce à un idéal de systématicité pour devenir pratique d'invention.Plusieurs noyaux conceptuels liés au champ sémantique du théâtre sont abordés, traversant diagonalement l'ensemble de la production foucaldienne : le tragique et la tragédie ; le double ; le simulacre ; la fiction ; les dramatiques de la vérité ; les scènes politiques et résistante des corps. À travers ces foyers de questionnement, le théâtre se révèle être un instrument extrêmement fécond pour faire échapper le discours philosophique aux cadres de la tradition occidentale : une voie pour repenser la pensée de Michel Foucault dans toute sa valeur théorique et pratique, mais sans la réduire à des formules abstraites, universelles, préconçues. En dessinant un chemin entre théâtre et philosophie (ou mieux : un parcours qui utilise le théâtre pour repenser l'espace et le rôle de la philosophie), et en acceptant les ambiguïtés intrinsèques à un usage souvent indirect et métaphorique de la conceptualité théâtrale, cette recherche à travers Foucault par le biais du théâtre conduit à formuler une hypothèse claire : grâce à ses dimensions de dédoublement, redoublement et mise à l'épreuve publique, corporelle,différentielle du réel, le théâtre est une force d'expérience qui dit de manière emblématique la puissance critique au cœur de la philosophie foucaldienne comme geste concret de pensée, comme dynamique de transformation de soi et des autres. La théâtralité, loin d'être une dimension esthétisante et marginale des analyses de Foucault, peut en représenter le fil rouge en tant que mouvement de déplacement, déprise et réélaboration perpétuelle de soi : comme une répétition sur scène sans cesse recommencée, comme un jeu théâtral de masquages et de démasquages, comme une performance politique. Elle est un autre nom pour cet élan d'altération, ce mouvement de mutation du regard que la pensée de Foucault a toujours revendiqué comme sa tâche fondamentale. / What meaning, value, relevance for philosophical thought and political practice is possible to ascribe to the concept of theatrum philosophicum, of “philosophy-theatre”? The present research explores possible answers to these questions starting from the analysis of Michel Foucault's works. By focusing on the theatrical concepts, texts, tools and stylistic devices used by Foucault, my aim is to investigate how theatre can contribute to philosophy, when philosophy is not meant to become asystematic project but rather a creative practice.To this end, I examine a series of notions related to the semantic field of theatre, taking into account Foucault's enterprise as a whole : the tragic and tragedy; the theme of the double; the notion of simulacra; the fictional writing; the “dramatics” and dramaturgies of truth; the political and resistant scenes of the bodies. Through all these research axes, theatre reveals itself as an extremely fruitful device to call into question the traditional Western philosophical discourse. Theatre is a way to rethink the theoretical and practical relevance of Foucault's philosophy, without reducing it to abstract, universal, and preordained formulas. Drawing a path between theatre and philosophy (or better, an analytical framework that employs theatre to rethink the place and the role of philosophy), and accepting the ambiguities of anindirect and metaphorical use of the theatrical conceptuality, I formulate a clear hypothesis: thanks to its powers of repetition, duplication and public test, theatre is a form of philosophical experience, which emblematically conveys the critical attitude lying at the heart of Foucault's philosophy. Theatre helps conceive the activity of thinking as a concrete practice of transformation, which changes the forms of relation the self has to her/himself and to others. Theatre is not an esthetical and marginal dimension of Foucault's works, but rather the fil rouge that connects them as a movement of shifting, displacing and perpetual re-elaboration of our own mode of looking at the world and at our subjectivity. Foucault's theatrum-philosophicum is a way to rethink philosophy as a political performance.

Ce travail consiste à comprendre le phénomène de l'ennui. L'ennui sera perçu comme un élément indissociable de la condition humaine. L'homme est un être qui s'ennuie, parce qu'il est doté d'une conscience, et que cette conscience l'inscrit dans un rapport particulier au temps. Mais nous constatons, en Occident, et à partir de l'époque moderne, que l'homme s'attache par toutes ses activités à fuir l'ennui. Tromper l'ennui c'est tromper sa condition, c'est, en tant qu'homme, se tromper soi-même. Toute la question est de comprendre comment cela est possible. Partant du divertissement comme moyen général de tromper l'ennui, nous irons jusqu'à la possibilité de ne pas tromper l'ennui, ce faisant nous serons amenés à étudier un aspect de la pathologie humaine à travers l'affection mélancolique. L'ennui doit être trompé, et cela pose une difficulté : comment un être conscient peut-il se tromper lui-même ? Mais l'ennui qui ne serait pas trompé mènerait l'homme vers un état pathologique. Pourquoi l'homme doit-il alors tromper l'ennui ? Notre travail se scinde en trois parties. Il s'agira d'abord de comprendre pourquoi l'homme trompe l'ennui. Il s'agira ensuite de comprendre comment il peut s'y prendre pour cela. Enfin nous envisagerons des possibilités pour ne pas tromper l'ennui. Notre étude s'attache à comprendre l'enjeu d'un ennui fondamental, et à travers lui, la condition humaine avec ses contradictions et ses questions / The aim of that work is to understand the boredom phenomenon. The boredom is here understood as an indivisible aspect of the human condition. A human being is a person who get bored because he has a conscience, and that conscience place himself in a particular relation with the time. But we see that from the modern age in the occident that human being strives through all its activities to escape boredom. Cheating boredom is cheating his condition, it is, as a human being, to cheat to yourself. The question is to understand how this is possible. Starting from the entertainment as a general way to run rings around boredom, we will get to the possibility of not cheating boredom, in doing so we will go through a facet of the human pathology through the melancholic affliction. Boredom shall be cheated and here comes a complication : how a conscious human being can cheat himself? But boredom that would not be overcame would leads man to a pathological condition. Why then shall human being run rings around boredom? Our work is divided into three chapters. First part will consider the reason why human being cheat boredom. The next step is to understand how he can do so. Finally we will consider opportunities for not cheating boredom. Our study aims to understand the concern of a fundamental boredom, and through hit the human condition with its contradictions and questions.

L’argument de cette recherche propose d’étudier le concept du pouvoir et ses manifestations chez les héroïnes tragiques de Shakespeare Ophélie, Desdémone, Lady Macbeth, et Cléopâtre. Cette étude suit deux axes d’interprétation, la domination et la résistance qui constituent le pouvoir féminin à travers ses productions verbales et ses projections mentales. Ces aspects sont explorés à travers une théorie de poétique cognitive et d'analyse de conversation. En parallèle, les théories critiques vont compléter la discussion des résultats trouvés. Ce travail explore comment les héroïnes tragiques de Shakespeare mènent leur propre résistance et exercent une contre-force à un poly-système patriarcal basé sur un héritage de séparation de genre. Ces personnages brossent un portrait distinctif d'héroïsme tragique féminin ; une voix indépendante et vibrante dans le texte shakespearien. / The Shakespearean tragic heroines are a polemical topic. Critics are divided between a reading that describes them as complex and dynamic protagonists and a reading that sees their presence as ornamental and paper-thin in the Shakespearean dramatic tradition. This study examines tenets of power within four major tragic figures, Ophelia, Desdemona, Lady Macbeth, and Cleopatra. Conversation analysis and disciplines from cognitive poetics, text world theory and conceptual metaphor analysis, will be used to study these characters’ utterances and thoughts. The research shows that Ophelia, Desdemona, Lady Macbeth, and Cleopatra are actively involved in power relations. They manifest dominance, exercise resistance, and sow dissidence within masculine narratives of authority. The conclusion can also be drawn that the Shakespearean tragic heroine succeeds in breaking through patriarchal embargo, embraces power, and inaugurates a distinctive concept of female heroism.

MA (Tshivenda) / Senthara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Nyambo dza Afurika, Vhutsila na Mvelele / See the attached abstract below

[pt] Esta tese realiza os delineamentos iniciais de uma Fenomenologia da Tragédia. Com efeito, seu referencial teórico-filosófico principal será a obra de Martin Heidegger, notadamente os dois textos seguintes: Ser e Tempo e A origem da obra de Arte. Para tanto, é feito, de início, um apanhado histórico e, em seguida, o exame crítico de autores da 1) antiguidade helênica e 2) da modernidade alemã, na figura, respectivamente de 1) Platão e Aristóteles, e 2) Schiller, Schelling, Hegel e Hölderlin. O propósito é apresentar e discutir duas possibilidades gerais de interpretação da Tragédia pela Filosofia identificadas e caracterizadas contemporaneamente por Taminiaux. A primeira é aquela iniciada por Platão, a qual pode ser chamada de especulativa; a segunda, está ligada a Aristóteles, e é designada de praxeológica. Ambas teriam sido reeditadas no cenária alemão, porém de maneira mais intrincada, fato que ressoou inclusive no Idealismo Absoluto, dando ensejo para a cunhagem do conceito de Trágico. Diante disso, é realizada então a efetiva proposta fenomenológica existencial alternativa, a qual ganha concretude, em uma primeira tentativa, na interpretação da peça Hamlet de William Shakespeare. / [en] This thesis designs the firs lines of a Phenomenology of Tragedy. In fact, its main philosophical-theoretical reference will be Martin Heidegger s work, first of all Being and Time and The origin of the work of art. For such, it is initially done a historical account and, next, a critical analysis of 1) Greek antiquity, and 2) German modernity, considering chiefly 1) Plato and Aristotle, and 2) Schiller, Schelling, Hegel and Hölderlin. The goal is to present and discuss two general possibilities of interpretation of Tragedy by Philosophy identified and characterized contemporarily by Taminiaux. The first one is that initiated by Plato, which can be called speculative; the second one is attached to Aristotle, and is named praxeological. Both would have been reinstated in German scenario, but in a more complex manner, and that affected inclusively in the Absolut Idealism, giving space to the creation of the concept of Tragic. That said, it is then performed the “alternative” existential phenomenological approach, which achieves concretely, in a first attempt, an interpretation of the play Hamlet of William Shakespeare.

No description available.

In 2011 Nathan Gabriel directed Arthur Miller's A View From The Bridge for his graduate thesis production at Temple University in Philadelphia. In this essay, Gabriel posits that keeping the character of Eddie ignorant about his true feelings for Catherine until the final moments of the play is crucial to making the play work. He supports his argument by pointing to the changes Miller made in the script between the one-act and two-act versions. Gabriel demonstrates how the play followed Aristotle's ideal for a classic Greek tragedy and compares this ideal with Miller's conviction that a true tragedy should not only be sad but should also teach its audience how to better live their lives. He also defends his choice to keep the true sexuality of Rodolpho ambiguous and examines the creative journey of his designers. / Theater

[pt] Esta tese tem como objetivo mostrar que a concepção de sobre-humanidade em Nietzsche não é uma figura de retórica, uma ficção, um ideal e comprovar tal visão através da sua própria obra. Através da análise rigorosa das tipologias morais do nobre e do escravo, pretende-se mostrar que possíveis atributos do sobre-humano tem um parentesco aproximado e uma herança importante com as descrições que Nietzsche empreende acerca do espírito aristocrático. Com tudo isso, quer-se mostrar que Nietzsche pensou o sobre-humano como alternativa radical a isto que chamamos de viver a vida, como resposta a nossos pequenos prazeres, estratégias de sobrevivência, interesses mesquinhos, enfim, mostrar que o sobre-humano vai nos obrigar a pensar sobre nossos conflitos pequeno- burgueses e seus falsos problemas, medos e covardias. / [en] Through a rigourous analysis, this thesis wants to show that the conception of the overman, in Nietzsche, it is not a mere rhetorical or metaphorical figure, na ideal or a fiction. We intend to prove through the conception of the noble and slave morality that the overman has inherited possible attributes and characteristics of the spirit of the aristocrat. After all, we want to demonstrate that Nietzsche conceived the overman as a radical alternative to what we call to live and enjoy life, as an answer to our little pleasures, strategies of survival, petty interests and to show that the overman constrains us to reflect about our littlle bougeois conflicts with it´s false problems, fears and cowardicwe.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jassanan Amoroso Dias Pastore.pdf: 2609602 bytes, checksum: 2afc24e3327956c37ed498b6e3ad2801 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-23 / The study of Freud s writings, from the perspective laid down by the convergences and divergences promoted by Freud between psychoanalysis and Schopenhauer s philosophy, enables to investigate on the possible points that put nearer or farther the ways in which Freud and Schopenhauer face the tragic. Halfway in the transition from the XIXth century, which was marked by the theoretical optimism of rationalism and the primacy of conscience, to the XXth century, which main characteristic was the crisis of the reason, psychoanalysis has emerged as a new science about the human soul, having as foundations the unconscious and the drives. Similarly, Schopenhauer had, one hundred years before, in the transition from the XVIIIth to the XIXth century, put in doubt not only the attempts at metaphysically interpreting the world optimistically, but also the notions of the German romantic idealists who, as a rule, in following the tradition, postulated an absolute rational principle of the world. Schopenhauer, in his philosophy, elaborates his thinking by situating the essence of man not in conscience and reason, but in the Will, which he considered to be an irrational impulse. We will depart from the notion of the tragic among the Ancient Greeks, crossing the path of modern philosophy, and finally arriving at psychoanalysis / O estudo dos textos freudianos, a partir da perspectiva estabelecida pelos encontros e desencontros que Freud promove entre a psicanálise e a filosofia schopenhaueriana, permite investigar as possíveis aproximações e distanciamentos entre a concepção e o modo de enfrentamento do trágico em Freud e em Schopenhauer. Em meio à transição do século XIX, marcado pelo otimismo teórico do racionalismo e do primado da consciência, para o século XX, caracterizado pela crise da razão, Freud funda a psicanálise, uma nova ciência sobre a alma humana que postula como fundamentos o inconsciente e as pulsões. Da mesma maneira, cem anos antes, na transição do século XVIII para o XIX, Schopenhauer já havia problematizado as tentativas de interpretar metafisicamente o mundo de maneira otimista e também as concepções dos idealistas românticos alemães, que, de modo geral, ao seguirem a tradição, postulavam um princípio racional absoluto do mundo. Em sua filosofia, Schopenhauer elabora um pensamento que situa a essência do homem não na consciência e na razão, mas na Vontade, considerada por ele um impulso irracional. Partiremos do estudo da concepção de trágico desde a Antiguidade grega, passando pela filosofia moderna, até chegarmos à psicanálise