Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Dissertation of Master in Education was developed in line of research Education, Knowledge and Professional Development in Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS). It was constituted as a possibility of insertion in reality of school and of dialogue with different families of four classes of Elementary School of a municipal school in Santa Maria city. We problematized, during the research with the coauthors teachers, how questions of dialogue between families and school are constituted. Our objective, during the study, it was analyze how the limit-situations and the daily challenges emerges from the possibility of school/family dialogue and its contributions to continuous auto(trans)formation of teachers from four classes of Elementary School. The search had a qualitative approach, study of case, once this allow us to involve meanings, opinions, facts, all them permeated for relations between people, subjects inserted in a social context. The second moment of data production was constituted by organization of a no structured questionnaire, or open, presented to families, in order they could say the word (FIORI. In FREIRE, 2011), to tell about their experience in school context and, in this way, to socialize their subjectivities. From it, we organize some themes that were very important to the constitution of Investigative-formative Dialogical Circles (HENZ, FREITAS, 2015) with teachers. After an initial research with families, based in no structured questionnaires, we started to organize the meetings with the group of teachers. They were three meetings with the coauthors, which happened through Investigative-formative Dialogical Circles inside of a perspective of Freire, having as base the Circles of Culture (Freire). In meetings, the teachers were invited to dialogue and to rebuild new meanings to the relation school and family, which constituted themselves in a space where the subjects could say their words . In the research, it was purposed the construction of a solidarity dialogue, in that each one teach-learn, since that we believe that each coauthor was an original source and unique in an own way of knowledge, then we were exchanging experiences, knowledges with the coauthors in research to be more them all and for viable inedited. For believe that nobody educate nobody and, nobody educate itself alone (FREIRE, 2013, p. 18), it is that we believe in process that emerges from Circles of Culture, cause this referential create the possibility, in last years, to upgrade our researches about the Investigative-formative Dialogical Circles. The theoretical referential is based in Freire (1996, 1997, 2000, 2011), Arroyo (2004), Bardin (1977), Brandão (2007), Chizzotti (2006), Flick (2009), Henz and Freitas (2015), Josso (2004, 2010) between others authors that cross the trajectory of this research. We concluded that the challengers those emerges from dialogue school/family are many, but the coauthor teachers demonstrated that, to welcome the families, and committing themselves with pedagogical work, it is possible and viable a collaborative work between families and school. Still, it were noted that teachers conquered the majority of families of kids and, in this way, they developed a relation of dialogue with them. / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação foi desenvolvida na Linha de Pesquisa Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS). Constituiu-se como possibilidade de inserção na realidade escolar e de diálogo com as diferentes famílias de quatro turmas de Educação Infantil de uma escola municipal na cidade de Santa Maria. Problematizamos, no decorrer da pesquisa com as professoras coautoras, como se constituem as questões de diálogo entre as famílias e a escola. Nosso objetivo, ao longo do estudo, foi analisar como as situações-limite e os desafios diários emergem da possibilidade do diálogo escola/família e suas contribuições para a auto(trans)formação permanente das professoras das quatro turmas de Educação Infantil. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, uma vez que esta nos permite envolver significados, opiniões, fatos, todos permeados pelas relações entre as pessoas, sujeitos inseridos em um contexto social. O segundo momento da produção de dados constituiu-se pela organização de um questionário não estruturado, ou aberto, dado às famílias, a fim de que elas pudessem dizer a sua palavra (FIORI. In FREIRE, 2011), contar sobre suas vivências no contexto escolar e, assim, socializar conosco suas subjetividades. A partir dele, organizamos algumas temáticas que foram de suma importância para constituição dos Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos (HENZ; FREITAS, 2015) com as professoras. Após a pesquisa inicial com as famílias, que foi desenvolvida a partir dos questionários não estruturados, começamos a organizar os encontros com o grupo de professoras. Foram um total de três encontros com as coautoras, os quais aconteceram através dos Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos dentro de uma perspectiva freireana, tendo por base os Círculos de Cultura (Freire), em que as professoras foram convidadas a dialogar e reconstruir novos significados para relação escola e família, os quais se constituíram em um espaço onde os sujeitos puderam dizer a sua palavra . No caso desta pesquisa, propomo-nos à construção de um diálogo solidário, em que cada um ensina-aprende, uma vez que acreditamos que cada coautora da pesquisa foi uma fonte original e única de uma forma própria de saber, assim fomos trocando experiências, vivências, saberes com as coautores na busca pelo ser mais de todos e por inéditos viáveis. Por acreditarmos que ninguém educa ninguém e, ninguém se educa sozinho (FREIRE, 2013, p. 18), é que cremos nos processos que emergiram dos Círculos de Cultura, pois este referencial tem nos possibilitado, nos últimos anos, aprimorar nossas pesquisas no que diz respeito aos Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos. O referencial teórico fundamentou-se em Freire (1996, 1997, 2000, 2011), Arroyo (2004), Bardin (1977), Brandão (2007), Chizzotti (2006), Flick (2009), Henz e Freitas (2015), Josso (2004, 2010) entre outros autores que cruzaram a trajetória desta pesquisa. Concluímos que os desafios que emergiram do diálogo escola/família são muitos, mas as professoras coautoras demonstraram que, acolhendo as famílias, e comprometendo-se com o trabalho pedagógico, é possível e viável um trabalho colaborativo entre as famílias e a escola. Constatamos ainda que as professoras conquistaram a maioria das famílias das crianças pequenas e, assim, conseguiram desenvolver uma relação de diálogo com elas.

Il est connu que les 4,5-méthano-L-prolines ont des conformations et des caractéristiques différentes que la L-proline. L’aplatissement du cycle pyrrolidine dans la proline joue un rôle important dans sa stabilité et la conformation spatiale des analogues 4,5-méthano- de la L-proline. Ainsi, des études approfondies ont été menées pour analyser les différences de structure et les modèles de pliage des cis- et trans-4,5-méthano-L-prolines et leurs oligomères en corrélation avec la délocalisation électronique n→π∗ entre les carbonyles adjacents. Dans cette thèse, la stabilisation n→π∗ entre les groupes carbonyl d’une amide et un ester a été analysée, divulguant des propriétés structurelles supplémentaires des 4,5-méthano-L-prolines. Les études spectroscopiques en RMN ont révélé les caractéristiques spatiales des cis- and trans-4,5-méthano-L-prolines corrélant avec l’équilibre d’isomérisation de l’amide trans : cis dans des environnements différents. En outre, le mécanisme de la cyclisation intramoléculaire des dimères cis-cis, trans-trans, et du mélange trans,cis-4,5-méthano-L-proline dans la formation des dicétopipérazines a révélé l'importance de la stabilisation n→π∗ sur les caractéristiques conformationnelles et de pliage. Des études de modélisation DFT ont également été menées afin de compléter nos résultats et de fournir des explications soutenant nos résultats expérimentale. / It is well known that 4,5-methano-L-prolines have different conformational properties and characteristics than proline. The flattening of the pyrrolidine ring plays a role in the stability and conformation of L-proline methanologs. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted to analyze the structural differences and folding patterns of cis- and trans-4,5-methano-L-prolines and their oligomers in correlation with the n→π∗ electron delocalization between the adjacent carbonyls of amide and ester groups. In this thesis, the n→π∗ stabilization of each derivative is analyzed, disclosing additional structural properties of 4,5-methano-L-prolines. NMR spectroscopic studies revealed the spatial characteristics of cis- and trans-4,5-methano-L-prolines in correlation to the amide trans : cis isomerization equilibrium in different solvents. In addition, the tendency of diketopiperazine formation from the cis-cis, trans-trans, and mixed trans,cis-4,5-methano-L-proline dimers reflected the importance of the n→π∗ stabilization on the conformation and folding characteristics.

Among the peptidyl prolyl isomerases, the Cyclophilin family of proteins has been linked to various cellular activities such as regulation of homeostasis, mitochondrial permeability, and cell death. Their functionality spans throughout the cell and throughout all cell types as different isoforms. Previous studies done on Cyclophilin A revealed an interesting contact ensemble when bound to a substrate. Because of the similarity of CypA to its homologues, it is believed that they too will exhibit the same contact dynamics. We have defined the dynamics of cyclophilin isoforms through Molecular Dynamics simulations and determined their contact dynamics, characterizing their contact ensembles, and their relative dynamical conservation to each other.

Orientador: Caroline Joy Steel / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marangoni_AndreLuis_D.pdf: 1214013 bytes, checksum: a252edf1c913d6c97e6f9530017bb9cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A interesterificação é uma ferramenta fundamental para o desenvolvimento de gorduras "zero trans"; entretanto, comparada ao processo de hidrogenação, esta apresenta limitações, sobretudo no desenvolvimento de gorduras para uso em panificação. De acordo com a literatura, na produção de pão de forma, a gordura exerce diversas funções, como a lubrificação e o aumento da extensibilidade da massa, e o aumento do volume e do sabor do pão. A gordura afeta a textura, mantendo os pães macios por mais tempo; isto se deve possivelmente à sua interação com o amido da farinha, retardando o processo de retrogradação e, assim, estendendo a vida de prateleira do pão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a tecnologia de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) na formulação de gorduras "zero trans" à base de óleo de soja e gorduras interesterificadas de soja para facilitar o processo de formulação por blending, específicas para produtos de panificação, e determinar a influência das mesmas na qualidade dos pães de forma e nas interações entre as gorduras e o amido da farinha. Para tanto, foram produzidos pré-misturas e pães de forma com a adição de 4% de gordura. Como padrões, foram utilizadas gorduras comerciais, hidrogenada (GHS) e low trans (GLT), além de óleo de soja (OLS). Também foram utilizados os blends de gordura formulados através da RNA (BL1, BL2, BL3 e BL4). Para efeito de controle, foi produzido um pão sem adição de gordura (C). A análise farinográfica mostrou que a absorção de água (ABS) da farinha de trigo pura (59,0%) foi em média 6,5% maior que a das pré-misturas adicionadas de gordura. O tempo de desenvolvimento (Td) foi menor para as amostras GHS, GLT e BL4. A extensografia mostrou que, dentre todas as amostras, a BL4 foi a mais resistente (980 UE) e a menos extensível (114 mm). Isto provavelmente ocorreu devido ao menor teor de óleo de soja em sua constituição (54%), o que pode ter contribuído para uma massa de maior consistência. A análise dos pães produzidos revelou que apenas os volumes específicos das amostras OLS (3,46 mL/g) e BL4 (4,07 mL/g) diferiram significativamente entre si. A análise de firmeza dos pães mostrou que ao longo da estocagem houve diferença significativa entre a firmeza dos pães com gordura e a amostra controle (1005,75 gf), sendo este valor 13% superior ao da amostra GHS - a mais firme dentre os pães com adição de gordura. A uniformidade do miolo foi maior com a utilização de gordura. Nos pães controle (C), a porosidade (26,73%) foi quase 3 vezes superior ao das amostras com a adição dos blends. Os miolos dos pães BL1, BL2, BL3 e BL4 apresentaram alvéolos pequenos e espalhados mais uniformemente, quando comparados aos pães C, GHS, GLT e OLS. Quanto à umidade, os pães com gordura apresentaram um menor teor em relação ao da amostra controle (35%), pois as suas massas absorveram menos água durante a mistura. A análise térmica através de DSC sugeriu um efeito da gordura sobre o envelhecimento dos pães, uma vez que as variações de entalpia de retrogradação foram menores para os pães com gorduras. Os blends de gordura desenvolvidos usando a RNA e aqui utilizados, além do baixo teor de ácidos graxos trans (1,18% em média), apresentaram-se viáveis para aplicação em panificação, sobretudo o BL4 / Abstract: Interesterification is a fundamental tool in the development of "zero trans" fats; however, when compared to the hydrogenation process, it presents limitations, especially when developing shortenings for bakery products. According to literature, in the production of pan bread, fat has several functions, such as lubrication and an increase in dough extensibility, and an increase in bread volume and flavor. Fat affects texture, maintaining breads soft for a longer period of time; this is possibly due to its interaction with starch in flour, retarding the retrogradation process and, thus, extending bread shelf-life. The aim of this study was to apply Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technology in the formulation of "zero trans" fats based on soybean oil and soybean interesterified fats to ease the formulation process through blending, for use in bakery products, and determine their influence on the quality of pan bread and on their interaction with starch in flour. For this, pre-mixes and breads with the addition of 4% fat were produced. As standards, commercial fats (hydrogenated soybean fat ¿ GHS and low trans fat ¿ GLT) were used, as well as soybean oil (OLS). The fat blends formulated using the ANN (BL1, BL2, BL3 e BL4) were also used. As control (C), bread without fat addition was prepared. The farinographic analysis showed that water absorption (ABS) of pure wheat flour (59.0%) was in average 6.5% higher than that of the pre-mixes of flour and fats. Dough development time (Td) was lower for the samples GHS, GLT and BL4. The extensographic analysis showed that, amongst all samples, BL4 showed the highest resistance to extension (980 EU) and the lowest extensibility (114 mm). This probably occurred due to the lower soybean oil content in its constitution (54%) that could have contributed to a more consistent dough. The analysis of the breads produced revealed that only the specific volumes of the samples OLS (3.46 mL/g) and BL4 (4.07 mL/g) differed significantly. Firmness analysis of breads showed that throughout the storage period studied there was a significant difference between the firmness of the breads with fats and the control sample (1005.75 gf), being this value 13% higher than that of GHS ¿ the firmest amongst samples with fat. Crumb uniformity was greater with the use of fat. In the control breads (C), porosity (26.73%) was almost 3 times greater than that of the samples with the addition of the blends. The crumbs of breads BL1, BL2, BL3 and BL4 presented small and more uniformly distributed alveoli, when compared to breads C, GHS, GLT and OLS. As to moisture content, breads with fat presented lower values when compared to the control sample (35%), as their doughs absorbed less water during mixing. Thermal analysis through DSC suggested an effect of fat on bread staling, once retrogradation enthalpy changes were lower for breads with fats. The fat blends developed using the ANN and used in this study, as well as having a low trans fatty acid content (1.18% in average), showed feasibility for application in pan bread, especially BL4 / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Orientador: Leonardo Lemos de Souza / Resumo: Esta dissertação é um convite ao embarque em uma pesquisa/viagem cartográfica que narra sobre vida e resistência Trans* não-bináriE em contextos universitários. Somaram a essa pesquisa três narrativas de jovens interioranos que se identificam enquanto pessoas Trans* não-bináriEs e ecoam suas vozes e resistências em diferentes Instituições de Ensino Superior, sendo duas delas localizadas em cidades do interior do estado do Paraná e a terceira localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. A experiência cartográfica deu-se por do meio do deslocamento deste pesquisador ao território de composição, onde se efetivaram os encontros, as entrevistas e o acompanhamento das processualidades que se desenham no cotidiano das universidades. Por meio do dispositivo viagem – nomeado no percurso da construção desse mapa/dissertação, enquanto um modo cartográfico de produzir conhecimento/experiência –, conectamos-nos a Estrela, Lua e Céu que conosco embarcaram e compartilharam parte das bagagens que trazem em seus corpos/experimentação. No desemaranhar das linhas que atravessam essa experiência nos aliamos às inquietações da Filosofia da Diferença, Estudos Feministas, perspectivas Queers e Transfeministas, bem como pela própria Cartografia, com vista a buscar pelas seguintes pistas: mapear os agenciamentos que atravessam as experimentações das pessoas Trans* não-bináriEs em contexto de Instituições de Ensino Superior, bem como acompanhar os movimentos de desterritorialização e reterritorializ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This dissetation is na invitation to embark on a cartographic research/trip that tells about nonbinary Trans* life and resistance in university contexts. Added to this research three narratives of interior youth who identify themselves as non-binary Trans* people and echo their voices and resistances in different Higher Education Institutions, two of them located in cities in the interior of the state of Paraná and the third inland from the state of São Paulo. The cartographic experience occurred through the displacement of this researcher to the territory of composition, where the meetings, interviews and follow-up of the proceduralities that take place in the daily life of the universities took place. Through the travel device - named in the course of the construction of this map/dissertation, as a cartographic way of producing knowledge/experience - we connect the Star, Moon and Sky that embarked with us and shared part of the luggage that they bring in their bodies/experimentation. In unraveling the lines that run through this experience, we are allied with the concerns of the Philosophy of Difference, Feminist Studies, Queers and Transfeminist perspectives, as well as Cartography itself, in order to search for the following clues: map the agencies that cross the experiences of Trans* people non-binaries in the context of Higher Education Institutions, as well as accompanying the deterritorialization and reterritorialization movements provoked by els with, to and at the u... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Les manuels de FLE sont utilisés au service de l’enseignement du français dans les universités de nombreux pays et notamment au Vietnam. Ils sont des supports de base en classe et les enseignants sont autorisés à emprunter des exercices de compréhension ou d’expression proposés dans ces manuels afin de faire développer les compétences de langue des apprenants. Le retour sur l’histoire de ces manuels montre qu’ils se renouvellent sans cesse via l’actualisation et l’enrichissement des informations, des connaissances et par la présence d’une grande variété d’images. Parmi celles-ci, les photographies de presse sont considérées comme un moyen de communication chargé de capter l’attention et d’accompagner le discours tenu sur un événement, un fait, une information particulière. Nous avons ainsi extrait et analysé toutes les photographies de presse présentes dans les manuels en recherchant systématiquement les symboles, les connotations culturelles susceptibles d’être difficile à comprendre pour les apprenants de culture étrangère. L’étude porte ainsi sur 46 manuels scolaires publiés entre 1994 et 2015 et propose l’analyse qualitative de 284 images de presse. Au-delà de leur fonction illustrative et informative, elles ont aussi pour mission de véhiculer des messages culturels, de représenter les différences entre la culture française et la culture étrangère à travers des symboles culturels plus ou mois implicites. Sans prétendre être exhaustif, cette étude propose un nouveau regard sur la réalité d’une modalité éditoriale. / French manuals are used in teaching French, a foreign language, in many universities in Vietnam. They are basic supporting materials in class, and teachers are authorized to borrow comprehension and expression exercises in these manuals to develop the learners’ language competence.For several decades the manuals have progressively been renewed for updating and enriching information as well as diversifying images. Lots of images presented in these manuals are being used as documents for pedagogical aim or objectives for learning activities. Especially, press photographs, research subject in this study, which are considered as a means of communication, can indeed attract learners’ attention. Besides their informative function, they have another mission, a vehicle for cultural messages, which represent differences between French culture and Vietnamese culture through symbols and cultural implicites. The study concerns 46 textbooks published between 1994 and 2015 and proposes the qualitative analysis of 284 images of press. Aiming to propose a new look at the reality of editorial modality, we have analyzed the press photographs in which cultural connotations are evoked, which are difficult for learners from another culture to comprehend.

For over two decades, the inclusion of trans women in women’s spaces and organizations such as transition houses has been discussed and debated by women-only organizations, feminists, trans activists, and the broader public. Drawing on an interpretive description approach, my research examines the experiences of transition house counsellors (“counsellors”) who have worked with trans women accessing residential support. My research topic and questions emerged from my experience as a counsellor and are informed by a desire to better meet the needs of trans women affected by intimate partner violence (“IPV”), and to help fill gaps in available research, information, and practical resources to help service providers meet the needs of trans women affected by IPV. Specifically, my research questions are: (1) what challenges, opportunities, and insights do counsellors experience when working with trans women clients, and (2) how do counsellors adjust and adapt their practices in response to these challenges, opportunities, and insights when working with trans women accessing transition house support? Using purposive sampling, I recruited nine counsellors who have worked with trans women accessing transition house support. Data collection involved semi-structured in-depth-interviews of these participants to gain an understanding of their experiences and perspectives related to working with trans women accessing transition house support. Consistent with an interpretive description approach to research, I analyzed my data by drawing on both my experience as a counsellor and through thematic qualitative analysis. My research finds that participants unanimously supported the inclusion of trans women in transition house settings. While the majority of participants emphatically stated that they did not respond to trans women any differently than they did to cis women, my findings show that how participants responded to trans women was informed by how well they perceived a trans client’s gender expression to match her gender identity. As such, my analysis reveals that participants’ responses to trans women was mediated by their unconscious adoption of a broader dominant heteronormative cisgenderist IPV framework that operates at both an individual and institutional level. My research therefore highlights some of the limitations that affect trans women accessing transition house support when counsellors and organizations respond to IPV through a heteronormative cisgenderist framework. / Graduate

[pt] Atualmente o Brasil, consta nas primeiras colocações no ranking de países onde a população LGBT, em especial as travestis e mulheres trans – particularmente as negras – sofrem graves violações de direitos humanos, por comportarem em seus corpos mais de um tipo de opressão colonial, principalmente no que tange o acesso aos serviços de saúde. O presente estudo tem por objetivo central compreender a partir de um olhar interseccional, como se configura o acesso destas aos serviços de saúde, levando em conta como essas mulheres, como pessoas em situação de extremo risco social, buscam a efetividade de seus direitos, por meio de estratégias de sobrevivência. A discussão do referido estudo são fundamentadas pelas correntes teóricas do feminismo decolonial, interseccionalidade e do transfeminismo, por apreender que este percurso teórico permitiria contemplar as falas de mulheres tão invisibilizadas pelo processo da colonialidade de poder e de gênero que permanece até os dias atuais. Assumindo o pressuposto que a existência de uma política nacional de atenção à saúde integral da população LGBT não é garantia de acesso aos serviços de saúde por mulheres trans e travesti negra é demonstrada por meio da dificuldade que estas têm seu acesso aos serviços de saúde, devido à discriminação. Utilizamos como técnica metodológica o grupo focal com 6 mulheres trans e travestis negras, a fim de valorizar a historicidade destas, dos significados/sentidos que atribuem às suas vivências, sentimentos, experiências, crenças etc., no acesso aos serviços de saúde pública. Ao final do estudo foi possível vislumbrar que Política Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT, é algo que não está presente efetivamente na realidade cotidiana da vida destas mulheres, considerando que ao tentarem acessar os serviços saúde não são atendidas dentro da complexidade de suas vivências plurais, mas sim por meio de uma lógica reducionista segregatória, que ao reproduz mais invisibilidade social. / [en] Currently, Brazil is in the first places in the ranking of countries where the LGBT population, especially transvestites and trans women - particularly black women - suffer serious violations of human rights, for having more than one type of colonial oppression in their bodies, mainly regarding access to health services. The main objective of the present study is to understand, from an intersectional point of view, how their access to health services is configured, taking into account how these women, as people in extreme social risk, seek the effectiveness of their rights, for through survival strategies. The discussion of the aforementioned study is based on the theoretical currents of decolonial feminism, intersectionality and transfeminism, by apprehending that this theoretical path would allow us to contemplate the speeches of women so invisible by the process of coloniality of power and gender that remains until the present day. Assuming that the existence of a national policy for comprehensive health care for the LGBT population is not a guarantee of access to health services for trans women and black transvestites, it is demonstrated through the difficulty they have in accessing health services, due to to discrimination. We used as a methodological technique the focus group with 6 trans women and black transvestites, in order to value their historicity, the meanings/senses they attribute to their experiences, feelings, experiences, beliefs, etc., in the access to public health services. At the end of the study, it was possible to see that the National Policy for Integral Health,LGBT, is something that is not effectively present in the daily reality of these women s lives, considering that when they try to access health services, they are not served within the complexity of their plural experiences, but rather yes, through a segregating reductionist logic, which reproduces more social invisibility.

This project is a scholarly manifesto on unplaying games by (both figuratively and literally) burning them. Building from the work of trans feminist game and media scholars and designers, this dissertation asks: how can we play in the unplayable, that we might live in the unlivable? To contend with these questions, this dissertation explores "ludoarsony"—the practice of un-playing games—as a critical design philosophy and theorical approach to play. It analyzes self-immolating and self-destructing games that burn away paper, plastic, characters, and stories and gray market games that have been ‘burned' with legal dubiousness in order to show how trans play can be found in ending the (game)world. This project builds its case for ludoarsaony across three case studies, each attending a different play practice. In the first chapter, it explores self-immolating games as examples of un-ending play. By playing with fire, we can become doombringers that (un)make worlds and games alike. In the second chapter, it contends with emulation as un-recognizing play that troubles computational ontologies. By emulating games, we can explore de/compilation of software and cultural systems. Finally, it demonstrates how un-balancing play—and flipping tables—upheaves unspoken exclusionary rhetoric and ludic traditions. Ultimately, this dissertation seeks to claim the "unplayable" as a space of trans imaginary—at once speculative and material—that emerges from the ashes of ruptured ludic and computational systems. It serves as an introductory investigation into the playful possibilities of what lies beyond the horizon of the so-called unplayable.

Dans le courant du XXe siècle, la scène littéraire de langue française s’est enrichie d’auteurs venus de Chine. Passeurs de langues, de frontières et de cultures, ils érigent, par leurs productions, des ponts singuliers illustrant les défis de la mondialisation. Du roman à la poésie en passant par le théâtre, l’objectif de notre étude est d’avancer une typologie de ce champ littéraire émergent. Englobant les vingt-quatre auteurs qui composent ce dernier, parmi lesquels François Cheng, Gao Xingjian, Dai Sijie, ou encore Ying Chen, l’analyse se fonde sur un concept-référent : la transidentité des auteurs. Par ailleurs, afin de saisir au mieux la complexité et la diversité des productions, la transdisciplinarité des approches – sociologique, littéraire et linguistique – s’avère éclairante. Par le prisme de l’identité culturelle, l’étude interne des œuvres se divise en deux volets : les représentations interculturelles et la poétique transculturelle. Dans une optique de comparaison constante entre les œuvres de chaque auteur, puis entre les différents auteurs, nous rendons compte des caractéristiques récurrentes et opérons des classifications. Ceci permet d’interroger le statut du champ au sein des littératures dites "francophones" et de soulever la question de l’étiquette. Ainsi, par le truchement des auteurs chinois, c’est le statut identitaire et théorique de tout écrivain périphérique dans l’espace francophone que nous cherchons à éclairer. / In the 20th century, French literary scene has been enriched by authors coming from China. Crossing languages, borders and cultures, they erected, through their productions, singular bridges that illustrate the challenges of globalization. Focused on novels, poetry, passing by theater, the purpose of this research is to advance a typology of this emerging literary field. Encompassing the twenty-four authors composing it, including François Cheng, Gao Xingjian, Dai Sijie, or Ying Chen, the study is based on a referent-concept: the authors’ transidentity. For a better understanding of complexity and diversity of productions, transdisciplinarity – sociological, literary, and linguistic approaches – is instructive. By the prism of cultural identity, the internal study of works is divided into two components: intercultural representations and transcultural (of cross-cultural) poetic. With a constant comparison between works of each author, and between the authors, we figure out recurring characteristics and operate classifications. This allows to question the status of the field in the so-called "Francophone" literature and to raise the issue of the label. Thus through Chinese authors, it is any peripheral writer theoretical status in the francophone space that we are trying to explore and enlighten.