Teacher burnout, absenteeism, and turnover continue to plague schools throughout the United States. Researchers have suggested that a school principal's transformational leadership may impact teacher commitment, though there are limited findings regarding the differences in commitment levels among rural and non-rural teachers. There are also limited findings regarding how the different elements of a principal's transformational leadership (idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and inspirational motivation) impact teachers' professional and organizational commitment, if at all. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences in commitment levels among rural and non-rural teachers, as well as urban-rural differences in the links between principal transformational leadership (including its specific sub-domains: idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, and inspirational motivation) and teacher commitment to the profession and the organization. This quantitative study included a questionnaire that was filled out by 363 urban teachers and 460 rural teachers living throughout the state of Arizona. Statistical t-tests and regression models were used. The findings reveal that, among other things, idealized influence (attributes) consistently proves to be a predictor of professional and organizational commitment among both rural and non-rural teachers and that rural teachers experience greater levels of commitment than do urban teachers. Schools and districts may use these results in their search for hiring and training principals by searching for candidates that display characteristics in line with idealized attributes and by doing more to train current principals in behaviors tied to this element of transformational leadership. Districts and schools may also explore other ways to help non-rural teachers to feel more committed.

A transformação entre linguagens, ou entre diferentes formatos de uma mesma linguagem, é um assunto que desperta interesse há vários anos e desta forma alguns trabalhos tem surgido para tentar automatizar o processo de transformação entre notações diferentes. Este trabalho descreve as Gramáticas Transformacionais empregados para descrever as transformag6es necessárias para converter uma notação em uma linguagem fonte (LF) para uma notação equivalente em uma linguagem objeto (LO). Nesta Gramática é embutido o conceito de Gramáticas de Atributos, criando assim as Gramáticas Transformacionais com Atributos (GTAs). Para validação das GTAs é apresentado um protótipo de ferramenta transformacional, que gera um tradutor, de LF para LO, a partir da descrição da gramática da LF e das regras de transformações para a LO. Tanto a LF quanto a LO são gramáticas do tipo LALR(1). Como objetivo de construir a ferramenta mais genérica possível, foram realizados estudos sobre três ferramentas, com as quais as transformações são possíveis. São elas: YACC, SINLEX e GG. É feita uma breve descrição destas três ferramentas e uma comparação com o protótipo implementado. / Languages transformation or transformation among differents formats of the same language is a subject that , has had a lot of interest for t many years. Thus, research has been done aiming to automatize the proccess of transformation from one notation to another. This work describes the use of Transformation Grammars to describe the necessary transformations to convert from a Source Language (SL) notation to an equivalent Object Language (OL). The concept of Attribute Grammars is embbeded to these grammars, defining an Attributed Transformation Grammar (ATG). A transformation tool prototype to evaluate the ATGs is presented. This tool generates a translator from SL to OL using the SL grammar description and the corresponding transformation rules to the OL. Both the SL and OL are LALR(1) grammars. Studies on YACC, SINLEX and GG (tools wich allow transformations) were done trying to reach the most generic tool. A brief descriptions of these tools and a comparision with the prototype is presented.

Thesis (MBA.) --University of Limpopo, 2017 / This study drew attention to the influential role the transformational leadership constructs can play in increasing women representation in decision making structures of the Department of Social Development (DSD). The DSD’s Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province was used as an area of study. The aim of the study was to investigate the significance of transformational leadership in pursuing gender parity in the DSD’s Sekhukhune District. The study followed an exploratory research design and implemented a qualitative methodology. A total of 10 DSD managers were targeted. Furthermore, a purposive sampling was used and interviews were conducted as the method of data collection. The data collected had been analysed thematically. The results revealed that although there have been improvements of more appointed women managers within the organisation. There were still more women managers than men managers within the organisation. However, most men occupy senior management positions while most women occupy the lower managerial positions. Most managers were not inspired to perform more than they were expected giving the reason that, they lack resources and their efforts often go unrecognised. Most managers found political appointment discouraging towards fair promotions. Nevertheless, there were enough women who possess required leadership skills. Conversely, there were no programmes that support women participation and empowerment in issues relating to gender parity. Leadership training, transformational leadership, provision of resources and salary acceleration were common suggestions to pursue gender parity. The study recommends that the DSD Sekhukhune District leadership should adopt and implement transformational leadership, change political appointment, appoint leaders with relevant qualifications, establishing a functional gender mainstreaming office within the DSD Sekhukhune District, adequate budgetary support and specialised training of staff shall assist in closing the gender parity gap.

Retailers lost 5.1 million employees in 2016, which resulted in a loss of profitability. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies retail managers used to reduce turnover at one retail company in the southeastern United States. The conceptual framework for the study was transformational leadership. The target population consisted of 6 store managers who reduced employee turnover in the retail industry. Data collection methods included face-€to-€face, semistructured interviews and a review of the company documents. Yin's 5-step analysis was used to analyze data. Three themes emerged from data analysis: supportive management leadership style, competitive compensations, and provision of efficient and effective communications to employees. The results of the study indicated store managers' strategies that are essential to reducing employee turnover. The implications of this study for social change include the potential to generate new opportunities for employment and encourage prosperity for local families and the community by improving profitability and sustainability and promoting organizational growth in retail companies.

Authentic leadership is a new concept that is gaining both popularity and notoriety in the leadership literature. It is argued as a positive form of leadership that goes beyond traditional leadership styles in order to influence followers through genuine, ethical behavior. However, as a concept in its infancy, authentic leadership has yet to receive much empirical attention, and many researchers are skeptical of its value in what is seen as a saturated domain of leadership styles. This study offers a comprehensive approach to addressing this need. A new measure for authentic leadership was developed and validated through pilot testing. Through additional analyses using this new measure, it was discovered that authentic and transformational leadership were not empirically distinct. However, by combining these two measures into an authentic-transformational leadership construct, it was still possible to examine the effect of greater amounts of authenticity in the leadership role. It was found that authentic-transformational leadership was directly related to a number of employee attitudes, and these, in turn, were related to positive employee behaviors. Results of this study are discussed both in terms of future research in the area of authentic-transformational leadership as well as its impact on organizational effectiveness.

Der Transformationsprozess in der Mongolei stellt besonders für den wirtschaftlichen Bereich eine große Herausforderung dar. Bei der Umgestaltung von der Plan-zur Marktwirtschaft nehmen dabei Führungskräfte eine Schlüsselfunktion ein, da sie wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Gestaltungsprozess der sich neu orientierenden Unternehmen haben. Die Arbeit untersucht das Verhältnis der Führungskräfte zu ihren Mitarbeitern vor dem Hintergrund neocharismatischer Theorieansätze und kommt zum dem Schluss, dass es Hinweise auf transformationale Führung gibt. Dabei nehmen Gruppenprozesse, die Person der Führungskraft sowie traditionelle und sozialistisch sozialisierte Elemente zentrale Rollen ein. Des Weiteren gibt es Verweise auf Konzepte der Authentizität und der Geteilten Führung. / The postsocialist transformation process in Mongolia represents - particularly for the ecnomic sector - a major challenge.With the transformation of the planned economy to a free enterprise economy top executive personnel, especially entrepreneurs, have a key function, since they have substantial influence on the reorganization process of the newly orienting enterprises. The dissertation examines the relationship of entrepreneurs and top executives to their employees against the background of neocharismatic theory approaches and comes to the conclusion that there are thoroughly indications referring to a transformational leadership. Group processes, the personalities of top executives as well as traditional and socialistically socialized elements play a central role. Moreover there are references to concepts of authenticity and shared leadership.

A transformação entre linguagens, ou entre diferentes formatos de uma mesma linguagem, é um assunto que desperta interesse há vários anos e desta forma alguns trabalhos tem surgido para tentar automatizar o processo de transformação entre notações diferentes. Este trabalho descreve as Gramáticas Transformacionais empregados para descrever as transformag6es necessárias para converter uma notação em uma linguagem fonte (LF) para uma notação equivalente em uma linguagem objeto (LO). Nesta Gramática é embutido o conceito de Gramáticas de Atributos, criando assim as Gramáticas Transformacionais com Atributos (GTAs). Para validação das GTAs é apresentado um protótipo de ferramenta transformacional, que gera um tradutor, de LF para LO, a partir da descrição da gramática da LF e das regras de transformações para a LO. Tanto a LF quanto a LO são gramáticas do tipo LALR(1). Como objetivo de construir a ferramenta mais genérica possível, foram realizados estudos sobre três ferramentas, com as quais as transformações são possíveis. São elas: YACC, SINLEX e GG. É feita uma breve descrição destas três ferramentas e uma comparação com o protótipo implementado. / Languages transformation or transformation among differents formats of the same language is a subject that , has had a lot of interest for t many years. Thus, research has been done aiming to automatize the proccess of transformation from one notation to another. This work describes the use of Transformation Grammars to describe the necessary transformations to convert from a Source Language (SL) notation to an equivalent Object Language (OL). The concept of Attribute Grammars is embbeded to these grammars, defining an Attributed Transformation Grammar (ATG). A transformation tool prototype to evaluate the ATGs is presented. This tool generates a translator from SL to OL using the SL grammar description and the corresponding transformation rules to the OL. Both the SL and OL are LALR(1) grammars. Studies on YACC, SINLEX and GG (tools wich allow transformations) were done trying to reach the most generic tool. A brief descriptions of these tools and a comparision with the prototype is presented.

A transformação entre linguagens, ou entre diferentes formatos de uma mesma linguagem, é um assunto que desperta interesse há vários anos e desta forma alguns trabalhos tem surgido para tentar automatizar o processo de transformação entre notações diferentes. Este trabalho descreve as Gramáticas Transformacionais empregados para descrever as transformag6es necessárias para converter uma notação em uma linguagem fonte (LF) para uma notação equivalente em uma linguagem objeto (LO). Nesta Gramática é embutido o conceito de Gramáticas de Atributos, criando assim as Gramáticas Transformacionais com Atributos (GTAs). Para validação das GTAs é apresentado um protótipo de ferramenta transformacional, que gera um tradutor, de LF para LO, a partir da descrição da gramática da LF e das regras de transformações para a LO. Tanto a LF quanto a LO são gramáticas do tipo LALR(1). Como objetivo de construir a ferramenta mais genérica possível, foram realizados estudos sobre três ferramentas, com as quais as transformações são possíveis. São elas: YACC, SINLEX e GG. É feita uma breve descrição destas três ferramentas e uma comparação com o protótipo implementado. / Languages transformation or transformation among differents formats of the same language is a subject that , has had a lot of interest for t many years. Thus, research has been done aiming to automatize the proccess of transformation from one notation to another. This work describes the use of Transformation Grammars to describe the necessary transformations to convert from a Source Language (SL) notation to an equivalent Object Language (OL). The concept of Attribute Grammars is embbeded to these grammars, defining an Attributed Transformation Grammar (ATG). A transformation tool prototype to evaluate the ATGs is presented. This tool generates a translator from SL to OL using the SL grammar description and the corresponding transformation rules to the OL. Both the SL and OL are LALR(1) grammars. Studies on YACC, SINLEX and GG (tools wich allow transformations) were done trying to reach the most generic tool. A brief descriptions of these tools and a comparision with the prototype is presented.

This mixed methods study aims at evaluating the transformative potential of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Earlier studies on the subject have outlined a lack of clarity both on the concept of NAMAs and on how developing countries will use it in their climate actions and thus its ability to contribute to transformational change. The mixed method approach used was: quantitative content analysis of Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) from developing countries referring to NAMAs combined with qualitative thematic analysis of NAMA proposals from eight selected countries. An explanatory sequential design was used which means that the first quantitative phase aimed at giving an initial understanding of NAMAs transformative potential. The purpose with the second phase, the qualitative analysis was then to deepen that understanding, by applying transformation theories. The two phases of analysis was integrated in the discussion section to get a more complete picture of the transformative potential. The result shows that the intent with NAMAs in the INDC consists of great uncertainties. A variety of NAMA designs was found in both phases of the study. In all of the eight more closely studied countries elements of transformation could be identified, which indicates that NAMAs could be designed to have transformative potential.

The purpose of this study was to measure the construct of transformational leadership among athletic training academicians and clinicians. Additionally, this study sought to determine whether perspectives regarding transformational leadership were the same or different based on full-time vocational roles. Finally, this study introduced a methodology for survey data analysis relatively unknown in athletic training research circles. Participants included athletic training education program directors as well as individuals in leadership roles at the state, district, and national level.