Le diabète de type II (T2D), maladie dont la prévalence augmente parallèlement au vieillissement, à l'urbanisation et au développement de l'obésité, constitue un problème mondial de santé publique. C'est dans ce contexte, et dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec les Laboratoires Servier, que nous nous sommes intéressés au FR225654, récemment isolé (en 2005). Ce composé est caractérisé par une action inhibitrice de la gluconéogenèse intense in vitro et une action hypoglycémiante significative in vivo après administration par voie orale. Son mécanisme d'action n'est pas connu. Sur le plan structural, il s'agit d'une trans-décaline substituée par un beta-céto-énol et une chaîne latérale comportant un acide carboxylique insaturé. Nous avons développé une voie de synthèse multi-étapes de ce composé, reposant sur une réaction de Diels–Alder pour former la structure bicyclique. La synthèse du précurseur ainsi que de la chaine latérale ont fait l'objet de ce travail de thèse. Notre stratégie de synthèse le décompose en trois fragments et repose sur l'utilisation de réactions originales, efficaces et stéréosélectives permettant : une mise en place du centre asymétrique quaternaire ; une transformation de triple liaison en double liaisons (E) par réduction et/ou addition stéréosélective ; l'introduction d'une double liaison (E) trisubstituée par transposition dyotropique ; une réduction régio- et chimiosélective d'un système de type diène ester. Ce travail a également permis l'élaboration d'une nouvelle méthodologie de déprotection d'éther de paramethoxyphényl par oxydation anodique.

This essay explores the issue of organizing mathematics education by means of syllogism. Two aspects turn out to be particularly significant. One is the syllogistic analysis while the other is the cunning of reason. Thus the exploration is directed towards gathering evidence of their existence and showing by examples their usefulness within mathematics education. The syllogistic analysis and the cunning of reason shed also new light on Chevallard's theory of didactic transposition. According to the latter, each piece of mathematical knowledge used inside school is a didactic transposition of some other knowledge produced outside school, but the theory itself does not indicate any way of transposing, and this empty space can be filled with the former. A weak prototype of syllogism considered here is Freudenthal's change of perspective. Some of the major difficulties in mathematics learning are connected with the inability of performing change of perspective. Consequently, to ease the difficulties becomes a significant issue in mathematics teaching. The syllogistic analysis and the cunning of reason developed in this essay are the contributions to the said issue.

El presente estudio examina cómo se traducen algunos gerundios de la novela El paraíso en la otra esquina de Mario Vargas Llosa del español al sueco por el traductor Peter Landelius. El análisis muestra que en la mayor parte de los casos se recurre a varias estrategias para expresar el gerundio español en sueco, como el imperfecto, la construcción “y” + imperfecto, preposiciones, omisión del verbo o subordinadas de relativo. En muy pocos casos, el 6 %, se mantiene la forma del gerundio en la traducción. Además, el análisis confirma la hipótesis de que si el gerundio español se sustituye por otras formas verbales o construcciones gramaticales en sueco, algunos matices semánticos y estilísticos que se configuran en la novela de Vargas Llosa se pierden o se modifican en la traducción al sueco. / The present study investigates how some gerunds in the novel The Way to Paradise by Mario Vargas Llosa is translated to Swedish by the translator Peter Landelius. The analysis shows that different strategies are used, such as the past tense, the construction “and” + the past tense, prepositions, omission of the verb or subordinate relative clauses. In very few cases, 6 %, the gerund is kept in the translation. The analysis confirms the hypothesis, when the gerund in the Spanish text is replaced by other grammatical constructions in Swedish, some semantic and stylistic nuances configured in Vargas Llosa’s novel are lost or modified in the Swedish translation.

Le formulaire de calcul neutronique HORUS3D/N dédié au Réacteur Jules Horowitz (RJH), sert aux études de conception et de sûreté du réacteur. La maîtrise de l'ensemble des paramètres neutroniques du RJH doit être assurée pour l'instruction du rapport de sûreté de l'installation. Ce travail de recherche s'inscrit dans cet objectif et s'attache à la détermination, la maîtrise et la réduction des incertitudes dues aux données nucléaires sur la réactivité du Réacteur Jules Horowitz (RJH). Une démarche rigoureuse et générique a été mise en place : c'est un ensemble cohérent, complet et incrémental qui permet l'identification et la quantification de l'ensemble des sources d'incertitudes et qui a abouti à la maîtrise du biais et des incertitudes dus aux données nucléaires sur la réactivité du cas étudié : le Réacteur Jules Horowitz. Cette méthode est basée sur une succession d'études : l'élaboration d'un jeu de matrices de variance-covariance cohérentes concernant les données nucléaires des isotopes d'intérêt, les études de sensibilité aux données nucléaires de l'expérience et de l'application étudiées, la détermination fine des incertitudes technologiques par la mise en œuvre d'une méthode innovante une étude de transposition estimant le biais et l'incertitude a posteriori dus aux données nucléaires sur l'application étudiée. Les différentes étapes s'appuient sur les outils de calcul de référence du CEA (code de calcul Monte-Carlo TRIPOLI4, codes déterministes APOLLO2 et CRONOS2, code d'évaluation CONRAD), l'évaluation de données nucléaires JEFF-3.1.1 et des méthodes de propagation, marginalisation et de transposition des incertitudes. La propagation des incertitudes sur les données nucléaires contenues dans les matrices de variance-covariance conclut à une incertitude a priori de 637 pcm (1σ) sur la réactivité du RJH pour le combustible U3Si2Al enrichi à 19.75% en 235U. L'interprétation des mesures d'oscillation d'échantillons du programme VALMONT dans le réacteur MINERVE a permis la qualification des données nucléaires relatives au combustible du RJH de l'évaluation JEFF-3.1.1 et a mis en évidence la cohérence de leurs incertitudes. Ainsi, l'interprétation de la réactivité du cœur AMMON/Référence a été réalisée avec l'évaluation JEFF-3.1.1 (et le code de référence TRIPOLI4). Un écart calcul/expérience de +376 pcm est observé. Une étude fine de détermination des incertitudes sur la réactivité de la configuration de référence aboutit à 340 pcm (1σ) dues aux incertitudes technologiques et à 671 pcm (1σ) dues aux incertitudes sur les données nucléaires. La transposition du biais et des incertitudes de l'expérience AMMON/Référence est réalisable grâce à l'excellente représentativité de cette dernière vis-à-vis du RJH. La réduction d'un facteur 2 sur l'incertitude à appliquer sur la réactivité début de vie du RJH est ainsi obtenue, ce qui équivaut à un gain d'environ deux jours équivalents pleine puissance (1σ) sur la longueur de cycle. Ainsi, le biais et l'incertitude associée à retenir pour un combustible U3Si2Al enrichi à 19.75 % en 235U, et un cœur RJH critique non barré (réflecteur nu) en début de vie sont de +266 ± 352 pcm (1σ).

The transposition of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard (originally published in Russian in 1904) to contemporary South Africa in Suzman's The Free State (2000) is based on the corresponding social changes within the two contexts. These social changes cause a binary opposition of past and present in the two texts. Within this context memory functions as a space in which the characters recall the past to the present and engenders a dialogue between past and present. Memory is illustrated in the two plays by associations with place as an important aspect of identity formation. Memory and place are fused in the plays by means of Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope which is best observed in the plays in memories of specific places such as the respective orchards, houses and rooms such as the nursery and the ballroom in. The Cherry Orchard and the garden in The Free State. Furthermore, the influence of the past is also evident in the present when ideas of social status, class, race (in the case of The Free State) and behaviour are contrasted and when various characters express their perceptions of personal relationships and ideas about marriage. The influence of the past is also evident when the characters voice their different perceptions and expectations of the past and future. In The Cherry Orchard these cultural differences are evident in the concept of heteroglossia. However, in The Free State, these dialogues are directed by a specific politically liberal view which diminishes the heteroglossia in the text. The juxtaposing of past and present is also illustrated in The Cherry Orchard by various subversive strategies such as comedy of the absurd in order to portray the behaviour of the characters as incongruous. Another subversive strategy is the contrasting of characters and ideas in order to expose pretensions and affectations in speech and actions to parody both the old establishment and the ambitions of former peasants. These conventions are best illustrated by the concept of the carnivalesque that also features as one of Bakhtin's terms to capture incongruous ideas and situations in literature. In The Free State, comedy is unfortunately much diminished and in contrast to Chekhov's ambiguity, only directed against politically conservative characters. The prevalence of these three Bakhtinian concepts in the texts shows how identity formation is to a large extent influenced and defined by occupied space. When social change affects the distribution of land, a character's concept of identity is destabilised. Although Suzman uses this similarity in the two contexts in order to transpose Chekhov's text to contemporary South Africa, she organises the various stances in the text to advocate a specific politically liberal view. Thus, Suzman's transposition leads to an interesting comparison between the Russian and South African contexts as well as between the two texts. However, her text is limited by her political interpretation of Chekhov's text. / Thesis (M.A. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

The transposition of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard (originally published in Russian in 1904) to contemporary South Africa in Suzman's The Free State (2000) is based on the corresponding social changes within the two contexts. These social changes cause a binary opposition of past and present in the two texts. Within this context memory functions as a space in which the characters recall the past to the present and engenders a dialogue between past and present. Memory is illustrated in the two plays by associations with place as an important aspect of identity formation. Memory and place are fused in the plays by means of Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope which is best observed in the plays in memories of specific places such as the respective orchards, houses and rooms such as the nursery and the ballroom in. The Cherry Orchard and the garden in The Free State. Furthermore, the influence of the past is also evident in the present when ideas of social status, class, race (in the case of The Free State) and behaviour are contrasted and when various characters express their perceptions of personal relationships and ideas about marriage. The influence of the past is also evident when the characters voice their different perceptions and expectations of the past and future. In The Cherry Orchard these cultural differences are evident in the concept of heteroglossia. However, in The Free State, these dialogues are directed by a specific politically liberal view which diminishes the heteroglossia in the text. The juxtaposing of past and present is also illustrated in The Cherry Orchard by various subversive strategies such as comedy of the absurd in order to portray the behaviour of the characters as incongruous. Another subversive strategy is the contrasting of characters and ideas in order to expose pretensions and affectations in speech and actions to parody both the old establishment and the ambitions of former peasants. These conventions are best illustrated by the concept of the carnivalesque that also features as one of Bakhtin's terms to capture incongruous ideas and situations in literature. In The Free State, comedy is unfortunately much diminished and in contrast to Chekhov's ambiguity, only directed against politically conservative characters. The prevalence of these three Bakhtinian concepts in the texts shows how identity formation is to a large extent influenced and defined by occupied space. When social change affects the distribution of land, a character's concept of identity is destabilised. Although Suzman uses this similarity in the two contexts in order to transpose Chekhov's text to contemporary South Africa, she organises the various stances in the text to advocate a specific politically liberal view. Thus, Suzman's transposition leads to an interesting comparison between the Russian and South African contexts as well as between the two texts. However, her text is limited by her political interpretation of Chekhov's text. / Thesis (M.A. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-221). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Th.--Sci.--Bordeaux 1, 1979. N°: 645.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T14:50:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2137233 bytes, checksum: 5c5634f0904b58570422a64841bd6ab2 (MD5) / Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T14:50:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2137233 bytes, checksum: 5c5634f0904b58570422a64841bd6ab2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T14:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2137233 bytes, checksum: 5c5634f0904b58570422a64841bd6ab2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-05 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T14:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2137233 bytes, checksum: 5c5634f0904b58570422a64841bd6ab2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of our study was to analyze the symbolic images constructed in the journalism of TV Grande Rio, affiliated to the Globo TV network, located in the city of Petrolina-PE, which is on the banks of the São Francisco River. Our research is descriptive of the documentary type because our sources of information are reports transmitted by Grande Rio TV news, it is bibliographical with a qualitative approach. As a method of analysis we use the mitochristic proposed by Gilbert Durand. In opting for this methodology, we develop a mythical view of society and its cultural products. Our intention was to account for the internal reason that moves the social actors in the construction of narratives that talk about the transposition of the São Francisco river, trying to capture plural perceptions and dreams images in the elaboration and transmission of the reports. As a result, we reviewed the narrative of four transpositions on the subject of transposition from November 27 to the December of 2007. The period was chosen because it presented a strong demand from the media at the national and regional levels to talk about the subject, who gained notoriety with the hunger strike of a religious, in protest against the project of transposition of the Federal Government. As a result of the research it was possible to see how journalistic narratives work the myths in order to construct realities, using symbolic meanings. In this process, we find the image, the myth of the fearless, the one who fights without fear in possession of his physical and mental qualities, bringing to the newscast the heroic archetype. The second step consists in setting out for the myths, which was configured as the fear of the death of the river, of the waters to dry, of life to end. The canonical narrative found is centered on the message of overcoming and courage, by which we must face our anguish and fight our monsters. The variant of the myth remained in the duality of life and death. Therefore, through the theory presented, it was possible to analyze how the local TV operates an imaginary about the river and the transposition, and how this dialogue between logos and mythos occurred in the journalistic narrative. / O objetivo do nosso estudo se constituiu em analisar as imagens simbólicas construídas no jornalismo da TV Grande Rio, afiliada à rede Globo de Televisão, localizada na cidade de Petrolina-PE, que se encontra à margem do rio São Francisco. Nossa pesquisa é descritiva do tipo documental porque nossas fontes de informação são reportagens veiculadas pelos noticiários da TV Grande Rio, é bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa. Como método de análise utilizamos a mitocrítica proposta por Gilbert Durand. Ao optar por essa metodologia, desenvolvemos um olhar mítico, frente à sociedade e seus produtos culturais. Nossa intenção foi dar conta da razão interna que move os atores sociais, na construção de narrativas que falam sobre a transposição do rio São Francisco, tentando captar percepções tanto plurais como oníricas na elaboração e veiculação das reportagens. Como resultado, analisamos a narrativa de quatro reportagens sobre o tema da transposição, no período de vinte e sete de novembro à dezembro de 2007. O período foi escolhido por apresentar uma forte demanda da mídia em nível nacional e regional para falar sobre o assunto, que ganhou notoriedade com a greve de fome de um religioso, em protesto contra o projeto de transposição do Governo Federal. Como resultado da pesquisa foi possível perceber como as narrativas jornalísticas trabalham o mitos de modo a construir realidades, lançando mão de sentidos simbólicos. Nesse processo, encontramos a imagem, o mitema do destemido, aquele que luta sem medo na posse de suas qualidades físicas e mentais, trazendo para o telejornal o arquétipo do Heroi. No segundo passo partimos para o mitologema, que se configurou como o medo da morte do rio, das águas secarem, da vida se acabar. A narrativa canônica encontrada está centrada na mensagem de superação e coragem, pela qual é preciso enfrentar nossas angústias e combater nossos monstros. A variante do mito se manteve na dualidade vida e morte. Dessa forma, através do teoria apresentada foi possível analisar como a TV local opera um imaginário sobre o rio e a transposição, e como se deu esse diálogo entre logos e mythos na narrativa jornalística.

233 f. / Submitted by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-08-22T15:54:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Oliveira de Faria.pdf: 3042691 bytes, checksum: aa76d5e721d5da22742f3f3f70cae4fb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-08-22T18:15:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Oliveira de Faria.pdf: 3042691 bytes, checksum: aa76d5e721d5da22742f3f3f70cae4fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Oliveira de Faria.pdf: 3042691 bytes, checksum: aa76d5e721d5da22742f3f3f70cae4fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Este trabalho apresenta três aspectos fundamentais para a discussão sobre o ensino de geografia, com especial ênfase na questão epistêmica: uma análise histórica da inserção dessa disciplina como parte dos currículos escolares brasileiros, na qual sustento que a definição dos conteúdos da disciplina estiveram mais vinculados às finalidades estabelecidas para a educação escolar nos diferentes períodos históricos que no diálogo com os progressos e a evolução da geografia acadêmica; apresenta a Teoria da Transposição Didática formulada por Chevallard – que coloca a questão epistêmica no centro da relação didática - e algumas críticas à ela formuladas para o ensino de ciências humanas, em particular, a geografia; discute a pertinência da Teoria da Transposição Didática como possibilidade de aproximação entre o processo de renovação da geografia acadêmica e da geografia escolar. Reivindica a formação de professores como condição fundamental para que o processo de transposição didática se realize em sua plenitude, e que, de fato, contribua para provocar alterações no ensino de geografia na educação básica. O trabalho foi realizado através de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, em diálogo com a experiência do autor de mais de vinte e cinco anos na escola básica, como coordenador de disciplina e de curso de formação de professores, e como professor em cursos de formação de professores – inicial e continuada – desde 2001. / Salvador