A presente dissertação de mestrado, apresentada como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, na área de concentração do Direito do Estado, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. José Levi Mello do Amaral Júnior, tem como tema análise do controle de constitucionalidade de omissões legislativas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na Constituição Federal de 1988. A delimitação da pesquisa empírica é referente aos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, em sede de controle de constitucionalidade, abstrato ou concreto, de omissões legislativas, no período temporal de 05 de outubro de 1988 a 18 de dezembro de 2015. Com o levantamento dos dados chegou-se à divisão entre omissão legislativa total e omissão legislativa parcial. Com a análise dos julgados chegou-se à definição jurisprudencial de omissão legislativa, não sendo exatamente coincidente com a definição externada por parte da doutrina. Por fim, com o contexto de análise traçada, exarou-se conclusão crítica, definindo-se a necessidade de alteração legislativa para que as omissões decididas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, ao serem cientificadas ao Congresso Nacional, sejam realizadas com prazo para a colmatação da mora, sob pena de trancamento da pauta. / This dissertation is presented as partial requirement for obtaining the degree of Master in Law in concentration area of state law under the guidance of Prof. Dr. José Levi do Amaral Mello Júnior, has the theme analysis of judicial review of legislative omissions by the Supreme Court on Federal Constitution of 1988. The definition of the empirical research is related to the judgements of Supreme Court in judicial review, abstract or factual, of legislative omissions from 5 October 1988 to 18 December 2015. Hereupon, under this analysis obtained the jurisprudential definition of legislative omissions, which is not exactly coincident with the externalised definition by the doctrine. Ultimately, considering the method analysed, was consigned critical conclusion defining the need of legislative changing thus the omissions decided by the Supreme Court, aware the National Congress, are carried out with a deadline for warping under penalty of locking out the trial.

Desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, mecanismos de vinculação de decisões foram introduzidos no sistema jurídico brasileiro, com vistas, principalmente, à redução da sobrecarga de trabalho do Judiciário. A autora argumenta que peculiaridades institucionais e culturais brasileiras, como os procedimentos de deliberação e tomada de decisão no STF e as formas de estruturação e justificação das decisões, seriam fatores obstativos à operacionalização de práticas decisórias pautadas na aplicação de precedentes. Ademais, ao endereçar tão somente o plano normativo, as reformas em curso chancelariam o modelo deliberativo e decisório do tribunal, revelando uma maior preocupação com a vinculação dos juízos inferiores do que uma valorização dos precedentes da corte. Não obstante os fatores refratários às mudanças em curso, a autora argumenta que é possível que a introdução progressiva de mecanismos de vinculação de instâncias inferiores possa implicar mudanças mais profundas na praticas deliberativas da corte e na condução discursiva de seus julgados. A exposição é segmentada em cinco partes. A autora, inicialmente, trata dos pressupostos teóricos que sustentam a hipótese de trabalho; expõe, em seguida, as modificações normativas que instituíram formas de vinculação judicial a precedentes; aborda então os fatores institucionais problemáticos a operação de retomada e replicação de precedentes; e, finalmente, discute como a ausência de uma cultura de precedentes no Brasil interfere na efetividade das reformas em curso. / Since the promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of 1988, there were reforms in the Brazilian legal system aimed at introducing adherence to precedents. The author argues that institucional and cultural peculiarities, such as deliberation procedures, the decision-making process and the practices of structuring and justification in the judicial decision writing were hindrances to the implementation of those reforms. Besides, changes were restrained to the normative level, therefore, leaving untouched the deliberative model of the tribunal. They revealed a strong concern with the submission of lower courts, rather than recognition of the importance of precedents by itself. Nevertheless, the author argues that, in the long term, the imposition of adherence to precedents may entail changes in the decision-making process and in the deliberative practices of the tribunal. The paper is divided into five parts. Initially, the author discusses the theoretical assumptions which underpin her hypothesis. The second part explains normative aspects of the ongoing reforms. The third and fourth sections deals with institutional and cultural factors related to judicial decision-making and adherence to precedents.

Este trabalho trata do papel desempenhado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na apreciação de questões relativas ao Sistema Constitucional Tributário brasileiro à luz dos direitos fundamentais. Com efeito, o STF é responsável por guardar os direitos fundamentais também quando decide controvérsias constitucionais tributárias, o que significa considerar o delicado equilíbrio entre a proteção dos contribuintes e a necessidade de o Estado arrecadar os recursos suficientes à concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Assim, a tese tem dois objetivos. Por um lado, pretende identificar se o Supremo Tribunal Federal adota algum parâmetro condizente com os direitos fundamentais ao julgar questões constitucionais relativas ao sistema tributário. Nessa perspectiva, diversos acórdãos do Supremo Tribunal Federal, proferidos na égide da CF/1988, são analisados com vistas a examinar se a Corte tem cumprido bem suas responsabilidades constitucionais. Por outro lado, sugere o Estado Fiscal como parâmetro adequado aos direitos fundamentais e ao sistema constitucional tributário, considerando sua preocupação tanto com a proteção dos contribuintes quanto com a existência de meios mínimos para o financiamento das atividades públicas. / This work is about the role of the Supremo Tribunal Federal in the Brazilian constitutional tax system in light of the fundamental rights. Doubtlessly, the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is responsible for safekeeping and enforcing fundamental rights even when it decides constitutional tax controversies. The enforcement of fundamental rights in tax issues means accounting for the delicate balance between the protection of taxpayers and the necessity for the State to raise enough funds to implement fundamental rights. Thus the thesis has two objectives. On the one hand, the study aims to identify if the Supremo Tribunal Federal abides by any guideline consistent with the fundamental rights when ruling constitutional cases regarding the tax system. Therefore, various decisions of the Supremo Tribunal Federal, taken in the scope of the Federal Constitution of 1988, will be selected and analysed in order to examine if the Court has fulfilled its constitutional duties. On the other hand, the work suggests the Tax State as an adequate guideline to the fundamental rights and to the constitutional tax system, regarding its concern not only with taxpayers´ protection but also with the existence of minimum resources to fund public activities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Quaresma Viva.pdf: 1030852 bytes, checksum: 4d02ee87a955fc7bf54608d8f0a50fa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / The present thesis aims to verify the contribution rendered by the Judiciary Branch´s highest Courts and also by the Citizenship Court, on the interpretation and application of the Consumer Code, with a view to the constitutionalisation. On the same way, it will also be complemented with the analysis of decisions related to impact issues on the society, capable to give support to the position of both Courts and to demonstrate the evolution of the scientific thinking in this field of Law. On this sense, this research points out the influence of baffling laws on the Consumer Code, as well as the legislative bills, which tend to change, or even to modernize this protective microsystem, without disregarding the role played by the administrative bodies on these goals. / A presente tese busca verificar a contribuição emprestada tanto pelo órgão de cúpula do Poder Judiciário quanto pelo chamado Tribunal da Cidadania na aplicação e interpretação do direito do consumidor, a partir da sua constitucionalização, complementando com a análise de julgados relacionados a assuntos com repercussão na sociedade, aptos a embasar o posicionamento de ambas as Cortes e a demonstrar a evolução do pensamento nessa seara do Direito. Da mesma forma, o trabalho aponta a influência de leis extravagantes no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, bem como os projetos legislativos tendentes a alterar com o viés de modernizar este microssistema protetivo, sem se esquecer do papel prestado pelos órgãos administrativos na consecução de tais objetivos.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:20:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Roberto Moreira.pdf: 6458715 bytes, checksum: a6e04a668d3d7fd1d947b67d059b94ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-12 / ABSTRACT The judicialization of politics has inspired several scientific researches due to its novelty and consequences, and formed the agenda of contemporary political science. In this context, this study sought to investigate the influence of popular participation in seven trials judged by the STF and TSE in the case "ficha limpa ( clean slate"): RO 1.069-RJ, by TSE (decided in 2006); ADPF 144-DF, by STF (decided in 2008); CC 1120-26.2010-DF, TSE (decided in 2010); RE s 630.147-DF, 631.102-PA e 633.703-MG, by STF (decided in 2010 and 2011); and joint trial of ADC s 29 and 30, and finally ADI 4578, tried by STF (decided in 2012). The concept of hard case developed by Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy, as the one whose solution is not expressed in the code of laws, was adopted and argued that in cases like that the judge commonly stands before more than one decision rationally justifiable. The seven trials were typified as hard cases. A concept of popular participation was built for the research purposes, which brought together normative contributions of theoretical approaches of participatory democracy, deliberative and radical. To perform such investigation, the votes published in the trials were rated into four categories, according to the presence or absence of the citizen participation reference, if they referred to it as an argument and for what purpose: to defend ficha limpa ( clean slate ) or the independence that the court expressed in relation to it. In spite of the public participation seen in these processes, especially in the year 2008 and the following, the Supreme Court and the TSE did not stage political decisions in the analyzed trials, since they had ratified policy decisions that have been already taken by the Legislature. On the other hand, reviews of the trials revealed some votes in whose speech grounds contain a reference to popular participation in the judgments accomplished in 2010, 2011 and 2012. The main influence has been seen in the last trial, the ADC's 29 and 30 and ADI 4578, decided by the Supreme Court, where the number of votes in favor of the thesis of ficha limpa ("clean slate") filled with arguments containing references to popular participation, was higher. In this trial, ministers who used to defend the independence of the court in relation to this influence began to justify their votes in favor of "clean slate" in popular participation. Others simply left out the speech which preached that the court should be free of such interference. Therefore, remains concluded that popular participation has affected the outcome of the hard case "ficha limpa ( clean slate". / A judicialização da política inspirou várias pesquisas científicas pela sua novidade e consequências, tendo composto a agenda da Ciência Política contemporânea. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa buscou investigar a influência da participação popular em sete julgamentos do STF e TSE no caso ficha limpa : RO 1.069-RJ, do TSE (julgado em 2006); ADPF 144-DF, do STF (julgado em 2008); CC 1120-26.2010-DF, do TSE (julgado em 2010); RE s 630.147-DF, 631.102-PA e 633.703-MG, do STF (julgados em 2010 e 2011); e julgamento conjunto das ADC s 29 e 30 e da ADI 4578, do STF (julgado em 2012). O conceito de hard case de Ronald Dworkin e de Robert Alexy, como aquele cuja solução não está expressa no código de leis, foi adotado e se argumentou que nele comumente o julgador está diante de mais de uma decisão racionalmente justificável. Os sete julgados foram tipificados como hard cases. Um conceito de participação popular foi construído para os fins da pesquisa, que aglutinou as contribuições normativas das correntes teóricas da democracia participativa, deliberativa e radical. Para a investigação, os votos publicados nos julgados foram classificados em quatro categorias, segundo estava presente ou ausente a referência à participação popular, se faziam referência a ela como argumento e para qual fim: fazer a defesa da ficha limpa ou da independência da corte em relação a ela. Apesar da participação popular vista nesses processos, principalmente no ano de 2008 e seguintes, o STF e o TSE nos julgamentos analisados não protagonizaram decisões políticas, tendo ratificado decisões políticas já tomadas pelo Legislativo. Por outro lado, a análise dos julgados revelou votos em cujo discurso de fundamentação há referência à participação popular nos julgamentos consumados em 2010, 2011 e 2012. A maior influência foi vista no último julgamento, das ADC s 29 e 30 e da ADI 4578, pelo STF, onde o número de votos em favor da tese ficha limpa com argumentos com referência à participação popular foi maior. Nesse julgado, Ministros que antes vinham defendendo a independência da corte em relação a essa influência passaram a justificar seus votos em defesa da ficha limpa na participação popular. Outros simplesmente abandonaram o discurso que pregava que a corte deveria ficar livre dessa interferência. Assim, concluiu-se que a participação popular influenciou no desfecho do hard case ficha limpa .

Submitted by Felipe de Mendonça Lopes (felipe_lopes25@hotmail.com) on 2013-06-13T22:11:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VFinal.pdf: 949017 bytes, checksum: 57e3fe370af2347ca4e0d7681fcc456c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-06-14T17:50:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VFinal.pdf: 949017 bytes, checksum: 57e3fe370af2347ca4e0d7681fcc456c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-14T17:52:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VFinal.pdf: 949017 bytes, checksum: 57e3fe370af2347ca4e0d7681fcc456c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-27 / The degree of political influence to which the judiciary is subject has broad implications on economic development. For the executive’s non-expropriation commitment to be credible, it is necessary that the judiciary should be free to impartially mediate disputes between the State and its citizens. If there is too much political influence in the judiciary, the credibility of such commitment is tainted, which discourages private investment, thus hampering economic growth. In Brazil, an institutional peculiarity allows us to do a comparison that is unprecedented in the literature. As there are two courts, the Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), which deal with similar matters and have different restrictions on the appointment of its members, it is possible to compare the degree of political influence to which they are subject. Thus, we propose to test: 1 - if there is a political appointment effect on the decisions of the justices of the two courts, 2 - if there are differences on the degree of political influence in accordance to the restrictions on presidential nomination in place in each court; 3 - if the justices of both courts make strategic use of their positions, that is, actively benefit the party that has appointed them. We find evidence of the second and, partially, of the third effect. / O grau de influência política ao qual o judiciário está submetido tem profusas implicações sobre desenvolvimento econômico. Para que o compromisso de não expropriação pelo executivo seja crível, é necessário que o judiciário seja livre para intermediar imparcialmente as disputas entre o Estado e seus cidadãos. Se há muita influência política no judiciário, a credibilidade de tal comprometimento está maculada, o que desencoraja investimentos privados, assim prejudicando o crescimento econômico. No Brasil, uma peculiaridade institucional permite que seja feita uma comparação inédita na literatura. Como há duas cortes, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e o Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), que versam sobre matérias similares e tem distintas restrições à indicação de seus membros, é possível comparar o grau de influência política ao qual elas estão submetidas. Desta forma, propõe-se testar: 1- se há efeito da indicação política nas decisões dos ministros das duas cortes; 2- se há diferenças do grau de influência política de acordo com as restrições à indicação presidencial de cada corte; 3- se os ministros de ambas as cortes fazem uso estratégico de seus cargos, ou seja, ativamente beneficia o partido que o indicou. Dos efeitos testados, encontra-se evidências do segundo e, parcialmente, do terceiro.

Dès le XIe siècle, le royaume de France est témoin du retour d’un mal terrifiant : la lèpre. L’Auvergne n’est pas épargnée et souffre de la maladie dès le début du XIIe siècle au moins. L’endémie frappe alors les populations et contraint les autorités locales à réagir pour stopper la propagation du mal avec, notamment, l’installation de plusieurs léproseries. Au sein du diocèse de Clermont, ce sont les Montferrandais qui sont les plus organisés avec un tribunal fondé sur une procédure inquisitoire atypique et unique en France : « la Purge ». Les origines de cette juridiction sont obscures. L’historien n’en saisit l’existence et le fonctionnement qu’au début du XIVe siècle, quand elle est créée ou officialisée sous la forme d’un tribunal royal, utilisé ensuite jusqu’au XVIIe siècle. La Purge, détenue et présidée par les consuls de Montferrand, a pour but de convoquer, d’examiner, de juger puis d’écarter de la société saine les lépreux en Auvergne, mais aussi dans les pays voisins. La recherche porte sur l’histoire de la lèpre (premières mentions de la maladie en Auvergne, installation des léproseries, cartographie hospitalière), mais s’attache surtout au tribunal de la Purge. L’étude s’intéresse particulièrement à cet organe juridico-médical, à son origine, à son fonctionnement, à son ressort et aux difficultés rencontrées par la cour royale. Les origines sociales et géographiques des officiers composant l’institution comme leurs carrières sont également appréhendées au moyen de l’outil prosopographique. Le but de la recherche, enfin, est de déterminer quel est le statut du lépreux en Auvergne à la fin du Moyen Âge et au début de l’époque moderne. Les ladres sont-ils traités comme de simples malades ou comme des « criminels » tels que le suppose la masse documentaire de la Purge ? / From the 11th century, the kingdom of France witnesses the return of the terrifying evil : the leprosy. Auvergne is not spared and suffers from the disease from the beginning of the 12th century at least. The endemic disease strikes then the populations and forces the local authorities to react to stop the distribution of the evil with, in particular, the installation of several leper-houses. Within the diocese of Clermont, it is the city of Montferrand which is the most organized with a court based on a procedure atypical and unique in France name "the Purge". The origins of this jurisdiction are dark. The historian seizes the existence with it and the functioning only at the beginning of the 14th century, when it is created or officialized under the shape of a royal court, used then until 17th century. The Purge, held and chaired by the consuls of Montferrand, aims at summoning, at examining, at judging then at pushing aside from the healthy society the lepers in Auvergne, but also in the nearby countries. The research concerns the history of the leprosy (first mentions of the disease in Auvergne, installation of leper-houses, hospitable mapping), but becomes attached especially to the court of the Purge. The study is particularly interested in this juridical-medical organ, in its origin, in its functioning, in its competence and in the difficulties met by the royal court. The social and geographical origins of the officers composing the institution as their careers are also studied by means of the prosopographique tool. The purpose of the search, finally, is to determine what is the status of the leper in Auvergne at the end of the middle Ages and at the beginning of modern time. Are the lepers treated as simple patients or as "criminals" such as supposes it the documentation of the Purge?

Gender-based violence (GBV) has been used as a tool of instilling fear, hatred and persecution during conflict situations. It is a fact that GBV takes place pre-conflict situations. Moreover, conflicts and wars only accelerate the rate at which GBV is committed. In the 1990s and early 2000s, there was conflict in the Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. These conflicts went down in history as conflicts where horrendous crimes were committed. As a result of the atrocities committed and the magnitude of victims, the international community with the assistance of the United Nations formed the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. These international tribunals were given the task of prosecuting the perpetrators of these crimes. Prior to the formation of these tribunals, the international community had experienced other wars whereby international tribunals were also formed to deal with the atrocities committed. However, this research only aims at comparatively analysing the ICTY, TCTR and the SCSL because these new tribunals were the first in experiencing the development of the prosecution of GBV. The former international tribunals did not effectively deal with gendered crimes therefore there was no precedent set in international law regarding the prosecutions of these crimes. The conflicts that occurred in the Former Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone also saw the introduction of more brutal forms of GBV. These forms of GBV that developed forced the tribunals to change the way they prosecuted gender-based crimes because the nature and the magnitude at which the crimes were committed was massive. Forms of GBV that were earlier recognised such as rape and sexual violence were now being used as a means through which the perpetrators committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. The comparative analysis between the ICTR, the ICTY and the SCSL also aims at showing how the different challenges and hurdles that these courts faced when prosecuting these crimes. The pitfalls that the tribunals experienced at the pre-trial phase are also investigated and critically analysed with the aim of drawing lessons about mistakes that should not be repeated in newer international tribunals. A comparative analysis will also be done on the different precedents that were set by the cases that were heard in these tribunals with the aim of showing how these tribunals have indeed contributed to the development of the prosecution of these types of crimes. Finally, recommendations will be made regarding how future international tribunals better deal with these crimes. The research paper also aims at creating awareness that these types of crimes must be treated differently and with caution because the effects that the victims suffer from last way after the conflicts and trials are over. Lessons must be carried from past prosecutions in order to correct and better improve the way in which the prosecutions are carried out and also the way in which the different victims are treated even after the prosecutions have been completed. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Public Law / unrestricted

Often arbitration has been closely related to issues that are likely to be arbitrated, including commercial, corporate or investment matters.However, the sporting matter has been less related to arbitration issues.In the present article, a relatively new and very interesting issue is develop: the sport arbitration, which has been gaining space in various sport organizations to become an instrument of great importance in the sports world. In this way, the author, through the experience of the Tribunal Arbitral Du Sport, shows us the way that sports arbitration has followed, its strengths, its composition and the importance it has achieved in these issues until forging an integral and solid relationship between arbitration and sport. / Muchas veces el arbitraje ha sido muy relacionado con temas que son susceptibles de ser arbitrados, entre los cuales se encuentran materias comerciales, corporativas o de inversión. Sin embargo, la materia deportiva ha sido menos relacionada con temas arbitrales.En el presente artículo, se desarrolla un tema relativamente nuevo y muy interesante: el arbitraje deportivo, el cual ha ido ganando espacio en diversos organismos deportivos hasta convertirse en un instrumento de gran importancia en el mundo deportivo. De esta manera, el autor, a través de la experiencia del Tribunal Arbitral Du Sport, nos muestra el camino que ha seguido el arbitraje deportivo, sus fortalezas, su composición y la importancia que ha conseguido en dichos temas hasta forjarse una relación íntegra y sólida entre el arbitraje y el deporte.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_inaldo.pdf: 808426 bytes, checksum: 8ee7cab210b0e7391e2f95a55fe76bfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-05 / The Law 11.672/2008 increased, to the Brazilian appellate system, mechanism directed to the mass litigations, making possible the processing and judgment, in block, of repetitive kinds of appeal Brazilian Supreme Court in the scope of the Superior Court of Justice. Said innovation the judgment has for target to confer rationality and to become it more effective and rapid taking care of the basic right of the reasonable duration of the process, sculptured in art. 5°, LXXVIII of the Federal Constitution, without, however, to wound the right to the contradictory and legal defense. In the development of this scientific workmanship, the particularitities of the kind of appeal Brazilian Supreme Court will be presented, having as apex, the analysis of the article 543-C of the Code of Brazilian Civil action and the demonstration that, in reason of the gradual judicialization of the injuries and the debates of mass a requirement of installment of entirely different, not only in quantitative terms, indeclinable jurisdictional guardianship has the adoption of equally different jurisdictional mechanisms / A Lei 11.672/2008 acresceu, ao sistema recursal brasileiro, mecanismo voltado aos litígios de massa, possibilitando o processamento e julgamento, em bloco, de recursos especiais repetitivos no âmbito do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Dita inovação tem por escopo o de conferir racionalidade a prestação jurisdicional e torná-la mais efetiva e célere atendendo o direito fundamental da duração razoável do processo, esculpido no art. 5°, LXXVIII da Constituição Federal, sem, contudo, ferir o direito ao contraditório e ampla defesa. No desenvolvimento desta obra científica, serão apresentadas as particularidades do recurso especial, tendo como ápice, a análise do artigo 543-C do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro e a demonstração que, em razão da progressiva judicialização das lesões e dos debates de massa há uma exigência de prestação de tutela jurisdicional inteiramente diferente, não apenas em termos quantitativos, indeclinável a adoção de mecanismos jurisdicionais igualmente diferentes