The domestic construction project contracts have made a great development to large-scale lump sum turnkey project, which includes engineering, procurement and construction. The turnkey contractors are responsible for the interface integration among various projects to reduce the delays caused by poor interface coordination, and to shorten the project schedule, moreover to ensure project quality. However, there are huge discrepancies between lump sum turnkey construction projects and general construction projects. Lump sum turnkey projects require a wider field of engineering project management covering the project planning and project control of engineering design, procurement and site construction. So, it is important to do further research in this area. The main purpose of this study is to develop a complete project management framework for large-scale lump sum turnkey projects from the standpoint of a project owner. A real case of the LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) receiving terminal project at Taichung Harbor was used to verify the feasibility of the proposed framework. This study is based on literature review, interview and case study of a large-scale lump sum turnkey project. The engineering project management system of a large-scale construction contractor was studied. The interviewees included top management personnel, information system personnel, and project management system users of the best practice company. The results of this study serve as guidelines of large-scale lump sum turnkey construction project management for project owners. It¡¦s also beneficial for small and median sized contractors to learn from best practice experiences.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / This paper discusses turnkey telemetry data acquisition and analysis systems. A brief history of previous systems used at Lockheed Martin Vought Systems is presented. Then, the paper describes systems that utilize more COTS hardware and software and discusses the time and resources saved by integrating these products into a complete system along with a description of what some newer systems will offer.

In order to reach the economic scale, reduce unit cost and to enhance the international competitiveness, China Steel Cooperation constructed a subsidiary - Dragon Steel Cooperation, a 5-million-ton integrated steel plant nearby Taichung Harbor. Starting from iron-smelting, steel-making till steel-rolling, each step follows one another. If any of the steps occurs a problem, the whole production will be affected. The quality of the new construction is related to the life cycle of the equipments, the stability of the operation and the quality of the products. Further more, if the new construction is imperfect, there might be plenty of accidents, such as public safety, environment issues, protest from the inhabitants, etc. The influences could be huge. The main quality influences of the new construction work are low bids from the contractors, shoddy work and use inferior material during the construction, lack of control, welding problems, etc. According to the above main factors, we listed 20 secondary factors, e.g. bad financial situation, vicious competition, budget shortfalls, etc., and use analytical hierarchy process to find the relationship between them. In this thesis, there are in total 32 people have been interviewed, 8 of them are first-line supervisors (the up, middle and downstream of the steel plant, from steel-smelting plant, steel-rolling plant, public facility department to civil department.) Meanwhile, 10 senior executives are also interviewed; relevant literatures are used as related inference. Via this analysis, the most important factor of influencing the welding quality of new construction work is ¡§welding problem¡¨ with 0.297 rating point. Analyzing the third layer factors of low bids rating, the highest point is ¡§vicious competition¡¨ with 0.354. In shoddy work and use inferior material factor, ¡§changing subcontractor frequently¡¨ is the highest with 0.491 rating point. In false inspection, the ¡§progressing pressure¡¨ is the highest with 0.378 rating point. In welding problem, the ¡§construct without drawing¡¨ is the highest point with 0.371. In other factors, ¡§defected raw material¡¨ is the highest with 0.275 rating point. If the above problem solved, the welding quality in new construction work will improve tremendously. Keywords: non-destructive testing, quality of construction, new construction work, turnkey contractors, defect.

Abstract The development of engineering business enterprises in Taiwan began around 1960 to meet the demands of economic development. In the early days, the majority were judicial organizations with government involvement, their growth were slow and small in operation scale. It is only in recent years that few engineering enterprises became capable of handling complete facility turnkey projects, and be able to participate in larger projects internationally. The so-called ¡§engineering enterprises¡¨ in the early days were a blend of engineering consultants and constructors. The services provided by both entities are oriented toward public works. The engineering consultants would be responsible for engineering planning, design, supervision and tender administration. The constructors would be responsible for supply of materials and construction works. This research is a case study of the business strategy of a turnkey engineering enterprise in Taiwan. The subject enterprise is the only full engineering, procurement and construction service turnkey enterprise domestically. Relevant literatures, both locally and abroad, were reviewed and discussed, and, senior management of the subject enterprise interviewed. The industry in which the subject enterprise operates and its competitiveness were analyzed. Research findings were collated and discussed. Eight conclusive points and eight recommendations were tabled for the subject enterprise. This report provides a reference for domestic turnkey engineering enterprises in drafting their business strategy. Eight conclusive points were raised: (1) success comes from seizing internal and external environmental opportunities, more importantly is to have core competitive strength, (2) a superior business culture nurtures superior staff, (3) growth is derived from a long term loyal relationship with clients and subcontractors, (4) adopt key diversification strategies with high probabilities of success, (5) oligopoly of domestic market and competition in the international market, (6) participation of renowned international enterprises in the domestic market will enhance the competitive advantage, (7) attaining accreditation of ISO management system facilitates entering the international engineering market, and (8) the next five years are great opportunities for the subject enterprise to grow domestically and internationally. Eight recommendations were made to the subject enterprise: (1) acquisition of upstream product processes and patents, (2) adopt a product concentration strategy in the international market, (3) adopt a ward-off strategy in the domestic market, abandon the medium and small competitors, (4) development of new products and branch into new discipline, (5) elevate working level and expand operations, (6) expand international market, promote international exposure, (7) focus more on product R&D and quality, and (8) adopt a water reservoir management method. Two suggestions for future research: (1) comparative study of business strategy of internationally renowned engineering enterprises, and (2) risk management of turnkey projects.

Abstract Recently, the engineering scale has been generating larger and larger, and the engineering content tends to be more complicated as a result of the rapid development of engineering techniques. There were so many defects incurred in traditional contracting method by separating and entrusting design and construction service work to different contractors. The owner of petrochemical industry therefore tends to adopt ¡§design-build contracts¡¨ in order to reduce engineering management manpower, shorten work duration, clarify engineering obligation and liability, advance engineering quality as well as save engineering cost. Engineering contractors have to go through the proposal preparation process and then the open bid or individual negotiation to bid for ¡§design-build contract¡¨. After being awarded, the successful contractors have to establish the objectives of projects as per contract and exert management expertise to enable the plant-building work being completed on schedule and under the fixed budget. And then hand over the plant to owner in smooth process and achieve the objectives simultaneously. Through literature review, theoretic structure of petrochemical plant¡¦s design-build projects and practical cases, this research integrates the theory of project management and sums up seven management methods as follows: (1) Proposal preparation; (2) Contract signing; (3) Project planning; (4) Project execution; (5) Project control; (6) Handing over engineering; and (7) Project closed-out for engineering contractors. These comprehensive management methods are aimed to achieve the five goals of engineering project, i.e. quality, schedule, cost, safety and the interaction with owner. Finally, the research makes some conclusions and recommendations to which the contractors can refer in undertaking design-build projects in the future.

This thesis investigates the development of turnkey offerings. Turnkey offerings is considered a kind of product-oriented Product Service System (PSS) where the customer pays a fixed price for a total solution, in this thesis, maintenance of vessels. Turnkey offerings have received academic attention, mainly aimed towards the construction industry and regarding benefits and disadvantages. Moreover, previous research has identified the need for further investigating the design of business models in terms of personnel capabilities needed to efficiently offer product oriented PSS’s.  Therefore this study aims to investigate these aspects by conducting a single case study on a large maritime manufacturing company. The study involves data collection through semi-structured interviews, as well as secondary sources such as observations made on site and company documents.  The thesis brings important managerial implications regarding the development of turnkey offerings. These include having an holistic perspective of the offering, since it allows for stronger customer relationships which allows the organization to develop more advanced customized services in the future. Further, this study confirms previous research on the importance of experimentation when innovating business models. Additionally, the triple-bottom-line sustainability aspects are discussed in relation to the offering where it is found that positive improvements can be made towards all three aspects. / Denna uppsats undersöker utvecklingen av turnkey erbjudanden. Turnkey erbjudanden betraktas som en sorts produktorienterat Produkt- Tjänstesystem (PSS) där kunden betalar ett fast pris för en total lösning, i detta fall underhåll av fartyg. Turnkey erbjudanden har fått akademisk uppmärksamhet, främst inom byggindustrin och gällande fördelar och nackdelar. Dessutom har tidigare forskning identifierat behovet av att ytterligare undersöka utformningen av affärsmodeller med avseende på personalens förmågor som krävs för att effektivt erbjuda produktorienterade PSS.  Därför syftar denna studie till att undersöka dessa aspekter genom att genomföra en enskild fallstudie på ett stort tillverkande företag inom marinindustrin. Studien omfattar insamling av data genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samt sekundära källor som observationer på plats och företagsdokument.  Uppsatsen ger viktiga ledningsmässiga implikationer när det gäller utvecklingen av turnkey erbjudanden. Dessa inkluderar att ha ett holistiskt perspektiv på erbjudandet, eftersom det möjliggör starkare kundrelationer, vilket i sin tur gör det möjligt för organisationen att utveckla mer avancerade skräddarsydda tjänster i framtiden. Vidare bekräftar denna studie tidigare forskning om vikten av experimentering vid innovation av affärsmodeller. Dessutom diskuteras hållbarhetsaspekterna för triple- bottom-line i relation till erbjudandet, där det konstateras att positiva förbättringar kan göras inom alla tre aspekter.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6014.pdf: 1562726 bytes, checksum: c16172d33471b81b9165e918d346c9f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-26 / In the electronics industry the companies owners of brands ( OEM ) are hiring outside manufacturing service providers ( EMS ) , and transfer to them major portions of their production. The EMSs have contributed to the OEMs in activities such as supply of components, engineering, manufacturing and distribution services. With the growth of this practice, the EMSs accumulate ever more capacity as providers of highly specialized commoditized electronic products, reducing costs and sharing risks across the electronic industry.The objective of this research was to scale the perception among EMSs, about the attributes of trust, mutuality and leadership, governance mechanisms as complementary to contract manufacturing in the consumer electronics industry considering the contributions of Ménard (2004) for the development of hybrid modes of governance. A field survey was carried out, being interviewed companies providing contract manufacturing headquartered in São Paulo. The analyzes show that allowed transactions providing electronic manufacturing are coordinated by complementary mechanisms to contracts through a governance model multiple hybrid formed by trust, mutuality and leadership. / Na indústria eletrônica as firmas proprietárias de marcas (OEM) estão contratando externamente de fornecedores de serviços de manufatura (EMS), parcelas importantes de sua produção. AS EMSs têm contribuindo com as OEMs em atividades como suprimento de componentes, engenharia, manufatura e serviços de distribuição. Com o crescimento dessa prática, as EMSs acumulam cada vez mais capacidade como provedoras altamente especializadas de produtos eletrônicos comoditizados, reduzindo custos e dividindo riscos em toda a indústria. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi dimensionar a percepção existente entre EMSs, a respeito dos atributos de confiança, mutualismo e liderança, como mecanismos de governança complementares aos contratos de manufatura na indústria de bens eletrônicos de consumo considerando as contribuições de Ménard (2004) para o desenvolvimento dos modos de governança híbrida. Uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada, sendo entrevistadas empresas fornecedoras de manufatura contratada sediadas no Estado de São Paulo. As análises realizadas permitiram mostrar que as transações de fornecimento de manufatura eletrônica são coordenadas por mecanismos complementares aos contratos através de um modelo de governança híbrida múltipla formadas pela confiança, mutualismo e liderança.

自1960年代初期約近20年間，台灣經濟蓬勃發展，成為開發中國家經濟楷模，造就了世人稱羨的『台灣奇蹟』，其契機在於以進口替代為主導的工業發展方向，轉變為以出口擴張為主導的工業發展方向。關於這個論點至今已無異議。我國產業過去一向以民生工業為主要發展重點，利用既有的工業基礎，除了能提供國內本身的產業需求外，我國亦有能力將所生產的機器設備、生產技術等專業知識輸出國外，加上台灣於工業發展過程中累積的機械製造能力，使得『整廠輸出』活動獲得良好的支援。除此之外，當產業因經營情勢變化而外移時，整廠輸出的貢獻可不致造成國內產業的空洞化。同時，當這些設備、技術、知識的輸出時，有如產業發展時的新陳代謝，非但提昇產業的國際形象，也可提高產業的發展活力。由於『整廠輸出』為一種特殊的出口方式，所牽涉到的層面和活動較一般的貿易型態複雜。過去的研究多著墨於各國拓銷方式之比較或實務上的契約問題，而較缺乏針對廠商從事整廠輸出時合作問題之研究。所以，如何提昇我國整廠輸出的能力與效率以加強其競爭力是十分迫切需要的。而本研究的動機及著眼於利用探索性的研究，嘗試發掘造成影響整廠輸出活動的可能原因，並整理出目前的合作型態，然後歸納出可行的合作策略以資因應。

自1988年開始中華民國政府推動「整廠輸出推動輔導」專案至今，針對台灣整廠輸出產業之輔導創造中小型整廠輸出之商機逐年增加。 為因應產業外移所造成產業空洞化之危機，除政府極積推動之「企業營運總部」政策外，輔導廠商進行產業轉型，以填補台商製造業全球佈局所造成的產業空洞，即更具有積極開創之意義。鑑於二十一世紀本是強調創新，以「知識服務」為競爭核心的時代，「知識」己成為生產力提昇與經濟成長的主要驅動力，故台灣產業之轉型，即無法忽視此種以知識資本為主要生產要素，透過持續不斷的創新，並善用資訊科技力量以提昇產品附加價值之「知識經濟」型態之影響。 而以往台灣之產業政策一向集中於製造業，並未重視服務業之發展，因之，政府於輔導廠商產業轉型時，即順應知識經濟時代之潮流，妥善利用台灣是世界重要的資本輸出國、台商海外資產總值名列前茅、台商擁有全球接單、各地製造的運籌能力等優越條件，以發展「高附加價值」的「知識型」服務業為重點。 鑑於「整廠設備輸出」的概念即為發展「高附加價值」的「知識型製造業」。其牽涉眾多環節及技術，個別廠商多無法獨立克服，故為企業之整廠輸出行為提供整體解決方案之整廠輸出技術服務業，因具有以專門知識為基礎，提供「高附加價」的「知識型」服務之特性，應值得政府部門重視。此外，倘業者能將其技術服務(不以傳統之機器設備整廠輸出技術服務為限，尚可包括工程技術服務業(Engineering Service Industry)、農業技術服務業(Agricultural Service Industry)，予以整體包裝，賦予品牌，並將其以整體國際行銷之技術服務商品型態對外輸出，應亦屬「整廠輸出」之一環(按傳統意義所稱之「整廠輸出」向以機器設備之硬體為主，以技術服務之軟體為輔，而技術服務之整廠輸出，係以技術服務為核心，而以硬體之機器設備為輔)，是值得政府部門重視。 按整廠設備輸出係一項整合性的產業活動，需要整合工程顧問、工程設計、進出口貿易、機械設備製造供應、技術服務、營建工程、市場行銷、融資服務等多面向之工作項目及問題，且不論企業之整廠輸出活動，對企業之整廠輸出行為提供整體國際行銷之整廠輸出技術服務業，或以技術服務為商品之技術服務型整廠輸出業，均與整廠設備輸出之產業活動相關。 準此，本研究擬以「整廠輸出」之產業活動現況為基礎，探討企業之整廠輸出活動，整廠輸出技術服務業，或以技術服務為商品之技術服務型整廠輸出之經營現況，及整廠輸出業者在大陸地區之營運情況及目前所遇到之事實或法令之障礙、期望中華民國政府可以提供之扶助獎勵措施等等事項，進行瞭解並提出檢討，以期對未來整廠設備輸出產業之發展策略，提供參考之興革建議，並做為中華民國政府主管機關推動「整廠輸出輔導專案計畫」之佐證。 / The Current Analysis and Future Strategies on Taiwan’s Turnkey-plant Export Industry Taiwan government has promoted and assisted “Turnkey-plant Export” project for the island’s small- and medium-scale enterprises since 1988. Since then, this assistance has created many turnkey-plant-export opportunities for small- and medium-scale enterprises. In addition, these opportunities have also increased year by year. In order to cut down production costs, many Taiwan manufacturers have moved their plants overseas, and some of the industries are empties around the island. Therefore, Taiwan government has promoted the policy of “enterprise’ operating centers”, and has assisted manufacturers to transfer their traditional industries to high-tech ones. This could cover the empties after Taiwan manufacturers’ global manufacturing policy. The 21 Century emphasizes innovation, and core competition is based on knowledge services. Knowledge has become the driving force for upgrading productivity and economic growth. Taiwan’s enterprises can’t neglect knowledge capital is the major factor for manufacturing and production. Through continuous innovation and the use of information technologies to upgrade the value added products. This is knowledge economy. Previously, Taiwan’s industry policy has centered on manufacturing, and hasn’t emphasized on the development of service industries. Therefore, when government assists manufacturing industries to transfer their lines, must follow the trend of knowledge economy. Taiwan is one among the world’s capital-export countries. Taiwan enterprises’ offshore production values have ranked the top. In addition, they accept purchase orders around the world, and have global manufacturing sites. These are the important factors to develop high-value added and knowledge-type service industries. The turnkey-plant-export concept is to develop high-value-added and knowledge-type manufacturing. This export provides the total solution, and is technology service business. It needs special knowledge for the base to provide high-value-added and knowledge-type technologies for the character of service business. The government should aware the importance of these knowledge and technology. In addition to traditional technology serviced for the traditional turnkey-plant exports, if enterprises could add more and advanced technology services such as engineering service industry and agricultural service industry. Enterprises could have turkey-plant exports as a package and a brand name and using international marketing and sales for the exports. This will be the new turnkey-plant export. The traditional turnkey-plant exports are focus on the exports of hardware (production equipment), and the technology services are the minor. On the other hand, the government should aware that. the technology-service turnkey-plant exports are focus on technology services, and production equipment is the second. The turnkey-plant exports are integrated industry. It should integrate engineering consultations and designs, import and export trading, equipment and facilities manufacturing and supply, technology services, construction engineering, marketing and sales, financial loans. The turnkey-plant exports, international marketing and sales as well as technology services, or based on technology services for turnkey-plant exports are related to turnkey-plant exports. Therefore, this research will base on the turnkey-plant-export industry to discuss enterprises’ turnkey-plant exports; the turnkey-plant exports technology services; the activities of based on technology services for turnkey-plant exports; and turnkey-plant-export enterprises’ activities in mainland China and law and other barriers there. The expected assistances and encourages from the government to proceed understanding and discussion. Hope this research will provide suggestions for the reference for the strategy development for future turnkey-plant exports. In addition, this could for the reference for the government to promote “turnkey-plant exports special plan.”

Turnkey contract is a commonly used form of contract for procurement of projects, however not so common when it comes to rail infrastructure, because railway installations are so complex and makes greater demands on availability and traffic safety. Performance contracts have occurred in railway projects for a long time. The Swedish Transport Administration has received directives from the government to push for increased productivity and increased degree of innovation in the construction industry. The Swedish Transport Administration has the ambition to transform its role as a client to create the conditions for the market and its driving forces for increased innovation and productivity by handing over a greater commitment and responsibility to the contractors. A strategic primary focus is to increase the proportion of turnkey projects within the construction industry. Contracts relating to investments between 25-500 million will be procured through turnkey projects. The purpose of this report is to identify how the market views the specifications with emphasis on object-specific technical description, its calculability, structure and clarity. The section that has been analyzed in this report is the construction of the freight line between Stenkumla - Dunsjö that is part of the whole distance between Hallsberg - Degerön. Interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs who have participated in the bidding contest. The purpose of the interviews was to get the contractors' views on the specifications that can be taken into account in future projects. Responses will be analyzed by the Swedish Transport Administration and taken into account for the development of future specifications in turnkey contracts for the construction industry. OTB for the route Stenkumla - Dunsjö, entrepreneurs are not allowed to come up with innovative solutions, since the specifications contain many technical solutions specified by the Swedish Transport Administration. The contractors want more freedom in the specifications in order to provide innovative solutions. One reason that there are many technical solutions in this project is because, the project was meant to be procured as performance contract and Traffic Authority had already planned a lot before they decided to purchase it as Turnkey contract. / Totalentreprenader är vanligt förekommande entreprenadformen vid upphandling av projekt dock inte så vanligt när det gäller järnvägsanläggningar eftersom järnvägsanläggningar är så komplexa och ställer större krav på tillgänglighet och trafiksäkerhet. Utförandeentreprenader har varit entreprenadformen som har förekommit vid järnvägsprojekt under en längre tid. Trafikverket har fått direktiv från regering att verka för ökad produktivitet och ökad innovationsgrad i anläggningsbranschen. Trafikverket har som ambition att förändra sin roll som beställare för att skapa förutsättningar för marknaden och dess drivkrafter till ökas innovation och produktivitet genom att överlämna ett större åtagande och ansvar till entreprenörerna.   En strategisk huvudinriktning är att öka andelen totalentreprenader inom anläggningsbranschen. Entreprenader som avser investeringar mellan 25 – 500 Mkr ska 50 % av entreprenaderna upphandlas genom totalentreprenader. Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga hur marknaden ser på förfrågningsunderlaget med tonvikt på det objektspcifik tekniska beskrivningen, dess kalkylbarhet, struktur och tydlighet. Sträckan som har i denna rapport analyserat är byggnationen av godsstråket mellan Stenkumla – Dunsjö som är en del av hela sträckan mellan Hallsberg – Degerön. Intervjuer har utförts med entreprenörerna som har deltagit i anbudstävlingen. Syftet med intervjuerna har varit för att få entreprenörernas synpunkter på förfrågningsunderlaget som kan tas hänsyn till i kommande projekt.  Svaren kommer analyseras av Trafikverket och tas i hänsyn till utvecklingsarbetet av framtida förfrågningsunderlag inom totalentreprenader för anläggningsbranschen. OTB för just sträckan Stenkumla – Dunsjö, tillåts inte entreprenörerna komma med innovativa lösningar eftersom förfrågningsunderlaget innehåller många tekniska lösningar som angivits av Trafikverket. Entreprenörerna vill ha mer frihet i förfrågningsunderlagen för att kunna bidra med innovativa lösningar. En anledning till att det finns många tekniska lösningar i detta projekt är att det finns en beslutad järnvägsplan. Järnvägsplanen styr utformningen av anläggningen.