I contend in this study that commercial novels and theater from early twentiethcentury Spain often present male (homo)sexual characters as a point of constellation for anxieties regarding modernization in Madrid and Barcelona. In works by Jacinto Benavente, Josep Maria de Sagarra, El Caballero Audaz (José María Carretero), Antonio de Hoyos y Vinent, Carmen de Burgos, Álvaro Retana, Eduardo Zamacois, and Alfonso Hernández-Catá, concerns about technological and socioeconomic change converge upon hustlers and blackmailers, queer seducers, and chaste inverts. I examine these figures alongside an allegorical interpretation of Goethe’s Faust in Marshall Berman’s book All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity (1982) in order to foreground their varying responses to modern innovation. They alternately sell themselves to prosper under consumer capitalism, seduce others into savoring the pleasures of city life, or fall tragically to the conflicting pressures of tradition and change. In the process, they reveal the fear and enthusiasm of their creators vis-à-vis rapid urbanization, fluctuating class hierarchies, the commercialization of art, and the medicalization of sex from the turn of the nineteenth century to the Spanish Civil War. From a methodological standpoint, I argue that close readings of commercial works are worthwhile for what they reveal about the discursive framing of modernity and male (homo)sexualities in Spain in the early 1900s. Hence, I use techniques of literary analysis previously reserved for canonical writers such as Federico García Lorca and Luis Cernuda to discuss texts produced by their bestselling contemporaries, none of whom has been equally scrutinized by subsequent criticism. Existing scholarship on modernity and sexuality in Spain and abroad helps contextualize my detailed interpretations. Although my project is not a sustained exercise in comparative literature, I do situate Spanish works within historical and literary trends beyond Spain so as to acknowledge the interplay of transnational and local concerns surrounding modern change and sexual customs. By considering the primary texts in relation to varying temporal and geographic contexts, the dissertation aims to be of interest to a readership in and outside Hispanism, and to supplement important studies of modernity, (homo)sexualities, and literature that overlook Spain.

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la bibliothèque de musique de l'Université de Montréal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / L’œuvre musicale de Pierre Boulez est l’une des œuvres majeures de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle. Celle-ci a évolué entre 1945 et 2008 conjointement avec les écrits de Boulez, dans lesquels sa réflexion traite, successivement, les différents aspects de son langage : la théorie entre 1948 et 1963, puis l’esthétique entre 1963 et 1995. Cette évolution, les enjeux et les contours de l’œuvre musicale de Boulez ne pouvaient être envisagés par la seule étude des œuvres officiellement acceptées. Il était nécessaire d’étudier l’ensemble des compositions secondaires, achevées ou non, reconnues ou non, de même que l’ensemble des versions successives pour chaque œuvre ; cette démarche a donc nécessité la collecte et l’analyse de l’ensemble de ces sources. Depuis 1986, les archives de Boulez sont contractuellement destinées à la Fondation Paul Sacher de Bâle, cependant de nombreuses sources, esquisses, manuscrits et correspondances restent dispersés, voire perdus. C’est le cas notamment des œuvres de jeunesse, ainsi que des œuvres récentes dont les fonds n’ont pas encore été déposés à la Fondation. Cette thèse est avant toute chose une thèse d’analyse. Au regard des travaux déjà existants, nous avons choisi de restreindre notre corpus d’œuvres aux compositions des deux périodes 1945-1949, puis 1965-2008, à la fois extrêmes et représentatives de l’évolution esthétique et scripturaires de Boulez. En fonction de la disponibilité des sources, nous avons privilégié une approche poïétique inductive, pour reprendre l’idée de la tripartition, dans le cadre de la sémiologie musicale telle qu’élaborée par Jean Molino et Jean-Jacques Nattiez au milieu des années 1970, c’est-à-dire avec pour seul support la ou les partitions disponibles (Répons, Initiale, Incises et sur Incises), ou une approche poïétique externe, c'est-à-dire de reconstitution, à l’aide des esquisses, des processus compositionnels (œuvres de jeunesse, Dérive 2, Domaines, Dialogue de l’ombre double, Anthèmes, Anthèmes 2). Le premier livre de cette thèse traite des évolutions esthétiques de Boulez. Les deux analyses proposées dans le second livre, consacrées aux deux groupes d’œuvres Domaines/Dialogue de l’ombre double et Anthèmes/Anthèmes 2, ont pour objectif de démontrer la complexité toujours présente ainsi que la rigueur de la démarche compositionnelle de Boulez à la lumière des esquisses, nonobstant une simplicité apparente des éléments constitutifs. Nous espérons que notre travail contribuera à clarifier la construction progressive du langage de Boulez, ainsi que la perception de ses œuvres. / Pierre Boulez’s musical compositions are one of the most important compositions in the second half of the twentieth century. They moved a lot between 1945 and 2008 together with his written works, in which his thought deals successively with the different aspects of his language : the theory between 1948 and 1963, then the esthetics between 1963 and 1995. Studying only the officially accepted works is not sufficient to understand this evolution, the issues and the outlines of Boulez’s music. It was necessary to study all the compositions of secondary importance - even if they were not finished or recognized - and all the successive versions of each work ; that’s why all these sources had to be collected and analyzed. It has been contractually intended since 1986 that the Paul Sacher Foundation in Basel should have Boulez’s archives, however many sources, sketches, manuscripts and mails are still scattered or lost. That is what happened to some early works and some recent works that have not been registered in the Foundation yet. This doctoral dissertation is above all a work of analysis. From the viewpoint of the works that have already been done, I chose to restrict my study to the compositions of two periods – 1945-1949 and then 1965-2008 – which are extreme and representative of the evolution of Boulez’s esthetic and composition. According to the sources’ availability, I favored an approach called “poïétique inductive” – to take up again the idea of “tripartition” – within the context of music semiology as it was elaborated by Jean Molino1 and Jean-Jacques Nattiez2 in the middle of the seventies, that is to say by studying only the available scores – Répons, Initiale, Incises and sur Incises- or an approach called “poïetique externe”, that is to say by reconstituting with sketches processes of composition (early works, Dérives 2, Domaines, Dialogue de l’ombre double, Anthèmes, Anthèmes 2). The first part of this doctoral dissertation deals with Boulez’s esthetic evolutions. The two analyses in the second part – devoted to Domaines/Dialogue de l’ombre double and Anthèmes/Anthèmes 2 – aim at demonstrating in the light of the sketches the complexity and the rigour of Boulez’s reasoning when he composes, although the constituents seem apparently simple. I hope that this work will contribute to making clearer the gradual construction of Boulez’s language and the perception of his works.

Cette thèse a pour objet d’étudier les interactions entre le texte et l’image dans le Livre de dialogue, crée en commun par un poète et un peintre, en France et Allemagne de 1980 à 2004. Il ne s’agit pas ici de s’intéresser au « Livre illustré » qui sous-entend que l’image sert seulement d’illustration au texte, mais au« Livre de dialogue » où deux modes d’expression sont mis en présence en un rapport d’égalité ; dialogue qui provoque des interactions complexes. La problématique réside dans l’existence de deux systèmes sémiotiques différents, tels la poésie et la peinture avec, l’un et l’autre, ses unités distinctes, son fonctionnement syntagmatique et paradigmatique propre et sa manière particulière de créer de la signification. Les procédés examinés portent sur les différentes apparitions, les conséquences et les limites de cette rencontre. Une étude détaillée aborde en premier lieu les procédés s’attachant à la représentation de l’objet - poétique ou pictural – oscillant entre figuratif et abstrait. Ensuite, sont explorées les interactions entre texte et image à partir des notions de l’espace, du fragment, du corps et du processus créatif. En conclusion, il s’agit non pas de transposer le modèle stylistique sur la peinture ou inversement, mais de dégager des points d’intersection entre sémiotique, intermédiatique, esthétique et histoire de l’art. / This thesis investigates the interactions between text and image in the artist book (Livre de dialogue), composed jointly by a poet and a painter, in France and Germany from 1980 to 2004. In contrast to the « illustrated book», where the image is subordinated to the text, I explore in this special type of book the encounter between two means of expression sharing equal importance, a dialogue that yields complex interactions between visual and verbal signs. The existence of two different semiotic systems such as poetry and painting bears interesting questions, as each possesses its specific units, its own syntagmatic and paradigmatic structure and its specific way to create significance. The analysis focuses on the different forms, the consequences and the limits of this encounter. The first part consists of an examination of the figurative processes that are linked to the representation of the poetic or pictorial object in a general way. Following this examination, a more detailed analysis investigates the interactions between text and image based on the concepts of space, fragment, body and the creative process. Thus, the aim is not to transpose the stylistic system to painting or vice versa, but to explore points of intersection between semiotic, intermedia, aesthetic and history of art.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

A tese busca compreender os processos de definição e constituição, no século XX, em Santa Catarina, de dois campos profissionais e de conhecimento - o campo historiográfico e o campo arquivístico ?, bem como suas interações. A primeira parte focaliza a historiografia sobre Santa Catarina, problematizando as tensões entre a ?nova geração? (muito identificada ao meio universitário) e os representantes da ?história tradicional? (em geral, associados ao Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Santas Catarina ? IHGSC), abordando as condições e locais de produção de trabalhos de caráter histórico, bem como as formas de sua disseminação. A segunda parte estuda as tentativas de estabelecer, para os arquivos em Santa Catarina, uma política, uma legislação comum e uma rede de intercâmbios, sobretudo a partir da década de 1980. Estuda-se o papel do Arquivo Público do Estado de Santa Catarina e, a partir dos anos 1970, a legislação sobre arquivos municipais. A terceira parte focaliza mais detidamente quatro instituições arquivísticas municipais - os arquivos de Blumenau, Joinville, Itajaí e Florianópolis -, salientando-se, em sua trajetória, a relação com procedimentos de instituição de memórias, de elaboração e legitimação de narrativas históricas, de racionalização administrativa e de garantia de acesso aos documentos como condição do exercício da cidadania. / This thesis aims an understanding of the process of definition and constitution of two professional and knowledge fields - the historiographic field and the archivistic field - as well as their reciprocal interactions, in Twentieth Century Santa Catarina. Part I focus on the historiography on Santa Catarina, discussing the tensions between the ?new generation? (strongly identified to the University environment) and the representatives of the ?traditional history? (usually associated to the Santa Catarina Institute for History and Geography - Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Santa Catarina - IHGSC), investigating the places and conditions in which works of historical nature were produced, as well as their dissemination. Part II investigates the atempts to build policy, common legislation and collaborative networks for the archives of Santa Catarina, especially after the 1980\'s. There are also studies on the role of the State Archives of Santa Catarina (Arquivo Público do Estado de Santa Catarina) and, after the 1970\'s, on the legislation on City Archives. Part III has a closer focus on four City Archives - Blumenau, Joinville, Itajaí and Florianópolis Archives-, highlighting their relation with the ways memory is produced, with the elaboration and validation of historical narratives, with administrative efficiency and with the warranty of access to documents as a condition for effective citizenship.

Dentre os planos que Albert Camus estabeleceu para a sua obra, prevaleceu nos seus escritos e declarações a tríplice que incluía os ciclos do absurdo, da revolta e do amor. Cada um dos ciclos seria composto de pelo menos uma peça de teatro, um romance e um ensaio, além de também ser acompanhado de um mito central, sendo respectivamente Sísifo, Prometeu e Nêmesis. Com a sua morte súbita em acidente de carro aos 46 anos, o escritor deixou alguns vestígios do que viria a compor o seu terceiro ciclo: o romance inacabado O primeiro homem, anotações sobre a peça Don Fausto e elementos para o ensaio O mito de Nêmesis. A presente pesquisa reúne e contextualiza os rastros deixados por Camus em torno da sua relação com o mito de Nêmesis a fim de oferecer uma chave de leitura para a sua obra e expor um panorama formal, temático e filosófico de um dos seus últimos projetos de ensaio. / Among the plans that Albert Camus has established to his work it has prevailed, in his writings and declarations, the triple that includes cycles of absurd, revolt and love. Each one of the cycles would be composed at least of a theater play, a novel and an essay. Besides, they are also followed by a central myth, being Sisyphus, Prometheus and Nemesis. After Camus sudden death at age 46, he left some traces of what would it be consisted his third cycle: the unfinished novel The first man, notes about the play Don Faust and elements for the essay The myth of Nemesis. The presented research reunites and contextualizes the traces let by Camus around his relationship with the myth of Nemesis in order to offer a reading key to his work and to expose a formal, thematic and philosophical overview of this essay project.

As três primeiras décadas do século XX representaram uma importante transformação no panorama brasileiro. O modelo agroexportador que priorizou por séculos a exportação de gêneros agrícolas e teve como principal produto nas últimas décadas o café, deu seus primeiros sinais de esgotamento ao mesmo tempo em que a industrialização ia aos poucos ganhando espaço como alternativa econômica no país.A jovem República Oligárquica também dava sinais de contradição com o surgimento de grupos sociais insatisfeitos com a falta de participação política e a piora nos níveis de vida nos grandes centros urbanos. É em meio a esse contexto de crise que surgiu o Centro das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo, fundado em 1928, com o intuito de representar as demandas do empresariado industrial paulista. Buscamos em nossa pesquisa, investigar as origens dessa fração de classe, a organização de suas demandas e seu posicionamento político. Para isso, nos debruçaremos principalmente no posicionamento do CIESP frente a dois eventos políticos: a Revolução de 1930 e o levante paulista de 1932. / The first three decades of the twentieth century represented an important transformation for the brasilian outlook. The agroexporter model, which prioratized for centuries the exportation of agricultural products, had in coffee its main product for the past decades and shown its first signs of exhaustion, at the same tine as the industrialization process bit by bit gained centrality as an economic alternative for the country. The young oligarquic republic also displayed signs of contradiction in regards to the uprising of social groups insatisfied with the lack of political participation and with the decreasing quality of life in the large urban centers. In such context the Center of Industries of the State of Sao Paulo emerged, founded in 1928, carrying out the goal of representing the claims of Sao Paulo\'s industrial business community. We search, in this research, to investigate the origins of this class fraction and the organization of their interests and political positioning. Therefore, we shall look specially into the instituion positioning in relation to two political events: the 1930 Revoluion and the 1932 uprising in Sao Paulo.

Le diagnostic de l’État failli en Colombie a parfois conduit à des analyses téléologiques qui ont eu tendance à présenter ce phénomène non seulement comme inextricable à la société colombienne mais, en outre, constitutif de l’histoire de la construction étatique. Ce travail invite à reconsidérer ces analyses à travers l’étude de cette construction à un moment clé de son histoire. Mettant fin aux anciennes « Républiques oligarchiques », les gouvernements libéraux des années 1930 et 1940 ont cherché à élargir les bases sociales du régime : intégrer le « peuple » paraissait la condition nécessaire à la transformation du pays. Si la modernisation et la nationalisation étaient les anciens horizons des élites politiques, ces concepts sont réinterprétés. Le nationalisme culturel, la régulation de l’économique et du social font irruption dans les discours et les pratiques étatiques. Ils traduisent un nouveau rapport de l’État à la société. Dans ce contexte, l’éducation et la culture ont pris une centralité politique jusqu’alors méconnue dans le pays. Cette thèse analyse la mise en place de la réforme éducative en privilégiant l’expérience quotidienne de sa construction. Cherchant à élucider le déploiement des logiques d’action et de connaissance de l’État, elle intègre les jeux d’échelle du local, du régional et du national. Puisant dans les méthodologies de l’histoire sociale et culturelle, elle donne une place privilégiée aux acteurs de cette construction. Ce travail est donc autant une histoire politique de l’éducation qu’une histoire sociale de l’État éducateur. En ce sens, elle contribue à une réflexion plus large sur les processus de construction étatique et les liens complexes entre culture et politique. / Diagnoses of Colombia as a "failed state" have sometimes lead to teleological analyses that present this phenomenon as intricated in Colombia´s society, or as constitutive in the history of state formation. This research allows us to rethink these analyses by focusing on state formation at a key historical moment. Putting an end to "oligarchic republics", Colombian liberal governments of the nineteen thirties and forties tried to broaden the social base of their regime (integrating "the people" seemed like the necessary condition to transform the country). International and national political shifts led to the reinterpretation of concepts such as modernization and nationalization. Cultural nationalism, as well as social and economic regulations, irrupted in state discourses and practices, and started a new relationship between the state and society. In this context, for the first time, education and culture became politically central. By focusing on everyday experiences, this dissertation analyses how a state education reform was set up. For a comprehensive explanation of both the logic and the knowledge of the state, this dissertation focuses on local, regional and national scales. Drawing on methodologies of social and cultural history, this work gives a privileged position to the actors who constructed the reform. Therefore, this dissertation is both a political history of education and a social history of the "educational state". In this sense, it contributes to our understanding of the processes of state formation and of the complex links between culture and politics.

Publicado na França em 1984, o romance L\'Amant de Marguerite Duras foi muito bem recebido pelo público e pela crítica. Com uma tiragem de mais de três milhões de exemplares, L\'Amant obteve o Prêmio Goncourt e foi traduzido para quarenta línguas. No Brasil, a primeira tradução, realizada por Aulyde Soares Rodrigues foi publicada em 1985. Mais de vinte anos depois, em 2007, surgiu uma nova tradução de autoria de Denise Bottmann. Baseada nas análises desses dois textos, esta dissertação propõe-se a caracterizar os comportamentos das tradutoras diante especificidades da escrita durassiana e verificar se os textos produzidos preservam os traços essenciais identificados no texto original. Para orientar as análises e comentários, buscou-se apoio na poética do traduzir de Henri Meschonnic uma teorização que nos permite uma leitura do texto em prosa que, ultrapassando o semântico, atinja por meio do ritmo e da prosódia uma verdadeira poética. / Published in France, in 1984, the novel L\'Amant was very welcome both by public and critics. With a three million copies issue, L\'Amant won the Goncourt Prize and was translated to forty languages. In Brazil, the first translation, by Aulyde Soares Rodrigues, was published in 1985. More than twenty years later, in 2007, appeared a new translation, by Denise Bottmann. Based upon the analysis of both texts, this study intends to identify the approach of those translators to the Durasian writing and check if the texts that werw done keep the essential traits of the original text. In order to orientate the analysis and commentaries, was sought basis on poetry of translating, by Henri Meschonnic a theorization that provide us a reading of the text in prose which, passing beyond the semantics, gets by means of rhythm and prosody, to a real poetics.

Este trabalho consiste na análise de três peças que se utilizam da citação musical de maneiras distintas. Ele é, portanto, um estudo a respeito da utilização da citação musical na linguagem musical erudita e suas implicações a partir do século XX. Nossa estratégia consistiu inicialmente em definirmos melhor nosso campo de estudos por meio da observação das especificidades da citação na linguagem musical. A partir daí, são propostos três tipos de citação que serão avaliados nas três peças principais que compõe este trabalho, a citação alusiva, a citação temática, e a citação em colagens. Alguns exemplos musicais que se enquadrariam nos respectivos tipos de citação são elencados com o objetivo de ilustra-los. A seguir, damos continuidade ao trabalho através da investigação da situação da música ocidental a partir do século XX, destacando a forma como o recurso à citação musical se insere neste contexto. Então, partimos para a análise das peças. A primeira peça se chama Phorion, do compositor Lukas Foss, e é um exemplo de utilização da citação em colagens; a segunda é a peça Dream-Images do ciclo Makrokosmos de George Crumb, que contém uma citação alusiva; e a última é o Prelúdio para piano de Willy Corrêa de Oliveira que se utiliza da citação temática. Desta maneira, pretendemos mostrar não apenas algumas formas de utilização da citação musical a partir do século XX, mas sua relevância no contexto artístico atual. / The present work consists of the analysis of three pieces that make use of musical quotations in different ways. It is therefore a study regarding the use of musical quotation in classical music language and its implications from the twentieth century on. Firstly we define our field of study through an examination of the characteristics of quotation in musical language. At this point, we propose three types of musical quotation that will be evaluated in the three main pieces analyzed in this work, allusive quotation, thematic quotation and quotation in collages. Some examples of music that would fit in these types of quotation are listed in order to illustrate them. Next, we continue the work through the investigation of Western music situation from the twentieth century on, emphasizing how the use of musical quotation is related with this context. After that, we proceed to the analysis of the pieces. The first piece is called Phorion, by the composer Lukas Foss, and is an example of the use of quotation in collages, the second piece is called Dream Images from the cycle Makrokosmos by George Crumb, which contains an allusive quotation, and the last piece is the Piano Prelude by Willy Correa de Oliveira who uses the thematic quotation. Our primary goal is not just showing a few uses of musical quotation from the twentieth century on, but to assess its relevance in the present artistic scenery.