A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts. / The current research report seeks to investigate the relationship between psychological type/cognitive style, and computer attitude components, namely computer anxiety. computer confidence, and computer liking, in a sample of full-time banking employees. Psychological type is assessed by means of the dichotomous preferences of extraversion-introversion (E-I), thinking-feeling (T-F) , and sensing-intuition (S-N), based on Jungian personality theory, and operationalised by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. The T-F and S-N preferences, being mental processes 0'1 judging or perceiving, may also be interpreted as cognitive styles. Pertinent to the current investigation is the impact that certain demographic variables have on computer attitudes, in terms of their relationship with, and their ability to predict computer attitudes. Research results provide moderate support for the proposed hypotheses. No relationship was found between the extraversion-introversion preference and computer attitudes. People with a sensing preference exhibited more positive attitudes towards computers than people with an intuition preference, People with a thinking preference indicated less computer anxiety and more positive computer attitudes as a whole than their feeling counterparts. No relationship was found between the T- F preference and computer liking or confidence. Age and previous computer experience were found to have the strongest relationships with computer attitudes, suggesting that these two demographics could predict computer attitudes more effectively and conclusively than personality variables. No relationships were found for gender differences and computer attitudes, contrary to previous research. / Andrew Chakane 2018

Pottery and livestock reached lithic using people in southern Africa some 2000 years ago. It has been suggested that early ceramics were introduced from further north then spread to the southernmost tip of Africa by an immigrant Khoekhoe herder population. How pottery and small livestock spread in southern Africa is debated. Some scholars believe that migrating Khoekhoe herders were responsible while others state that networks of local hunter-gatherer groups gained livestock and pottery by exchange and diffusion. Some think that both migration and diffusion played a part. The aim of this study is to contribute to this debate by comparing lithic technology in pre-pottery and pottery assemblages in the Central Limpopo Basin and northern Botswana. An abrupt change in lithic technology across the 2000 BP boundary would favour the migration model while gradual or no change would favour the diffusion model. This study focuses on two contemporary sites with Bambata pottery. Assemblages from Toteng 1 and Mphekwane Rock shelter in northern Botswana and the Central Limpopo Basin are analysed. For lithic analysis at both sites, the chaînes opératoires approach is employed. Although the method is not commonly applied to southern African Later Stone Age assemblages, it has broad appeal and potential in other parts of the world. The essential difference between this approach and the commonly applied typological approach in southern Africa is that it encompasses the whole life history of lithic material, from the basic nodule to finished tools. The study focuses much on the technological analysis and this dominates the analytical part. However, typological analysis was also performed in the study in classifying different categories of formal tools.

Les Troubles Spécifiques du Langage (TSL) sont une pathologie développementale caractérisée par une grande hétérogénéité (Leonard, 2009). Malgré les progrès déjà effectués dans la compréhension de sa nature, ses causes et ses séquelles, à ce jour, un nombre important de questions reste à étudier. Au niveau théorique, les études réalisées s’inscrivent dans le cadre théorique de l’hypothèse phonologique et de l’approche psycholinguistique qui illustre la causalité réciproque entre les troubles phonologiques et l’apprentissage de l’écrit. C’est à partir de ces considérations théoriques que nous avons proposé une problématique essayant de rendre compte de l’hétérogénéité de cette population. Les différents travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont tenté, à l’aide d’une approche méthodologique variée, d’étudier les caractéristiques langagières et cognitives d’enfants TSL francophones, les capacités à apprendre lors d’une tâche de détection d’intrus et la spécificité des troubles en mémoire de travail (étude des capacités en mémoire visuospatiale) des enfants avec Troubles non Spécifiques du Langage (TnSL) ainsi que les effets bidirectionnels entre l’apprentissage de l’écrit et les déficits en langage oral (enfants TSL, TnSL et TSL-résolus). Les résultats ont montré les difficultés importantes en mémoire de travail (MdT) phonologique chez les enfants TSL indépendamment de leur profil langagier spécifique et un retard développemental dans les capacités à apprendre et dans la mémoire visuospatiale chez les enfants TnSL. Enfin, nous avons montré que la sévérité et la persistance des troubles langagiers, les capacités non verbales et les capacités en MdT phonologique se reflètent dans les performances en lecture-écriture et permettent la différenciation d’enfants diagnostiqués TSL par rapport à l’apprentissage ultérieur de l’écrit. Nos résultats contribuent à une meilleure appréhension des enfants TSL francophones. / Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a complex developmental condition characterized by significant heterogeneity (Leonard, 2009). The past three decades a great deal has been learned about children with SLI, yet numerous questions still need to be answered regarding its nature, its causes and its repercussions. The theoretical background of our studies is formed by the theory of a phonological deficit and the psycholinguistic approach, illustrating the reciprocal causality between phonological deficits and literacy acquisition. The present work tried to capture the heterogeneity of children with SLI. Using different methodological approaches, the aim of our studies was to investigate the linguistic and cognitive profiles of children with SLI, the learning potential during an implicit task and the specificity of working memory deficits in children with Nonspecific Language Impairments (NLI) and the bidirectional effects between literacy development and language impairments (SLI, NLI and resolved-SLI). The results showed marked deficits in phonological working memory (MdT) in the children with SLI independently of their specific linguistic profile and a developmental delay in learning potential and in Visuospatial WM in children with NLI. Lastly, we showed that the severity and the persistence of the language impairment, the nonverbal skills and the phonological WM skills are reflected in the literacy outcomes of children with language impairments, allowing their differentiation in this aspect. Our results contribute to a better understanding of SLI in French-speaking children.

Esta dissertação analisa os principais fatores que influenciaram a tipologia arquitetônica dos empreendimentos residenciais produzidos pela configuração produtiva incorporação imobiliária na cidade de São Paulo nos últimos 40 anos. Analisa também como a produção deste setor imobiliário vem alterando os tecidos urbanos pré-existentes da cidade com empreendimentos que alteram a sua tipologia arquitetônica original e o uso do espaço público no entorno das edificações, mantendo inalterado o traçado viário e demais espaços da cidade em outras palavras, as conseqüências do uso novo do traçado velho. / This dissertation analyzes the main factors that influenced the architectural typology of housing development projects built by real estate development corporations in the city of São Paulo in the last forty years. It also analyzes how the real estate sector\'s production has changed the city\'s pre-existent urban fabric with development projects that alter the architectural typology and the land use of the public space surrounding the new buildings, while at the same time keeping unchanged the road system and the remaining city spaces in other words, the consequences of the new use of the old grid.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender as tipologias arquitetônicas nas estações da Sorocabana. Foram estudados vinte e cinco exemplares escolhidos de forma a dar representatividade a pesquisa. Os edifícios selecionados pertencem a diferentes regiões e épocas em que a estrada de ferro atuou, de forma a fornecer os mecanismos de substituições de estações e semelhanças ocorridas segundo a tipologia adotada. A analise do corpo de edifícios possibilitou a organização em séries e a sua catalogação em fichas. / This study aims to understand the architectural typologies in the Sorocabana Railway Stations. The research made a selection of twenty five buildings to give representation to work. The select buildings belongs to differents regions and periods where the railroad served, in order to provide the mechanisms of stations replacement and similarities occured according to architectural typologies adopted. The analysis of the set of buildings allowed the organization in series and its cataloging records.

A Dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a maneira como os estrangeirismos, elementos exteriores ao léxico vernacular, são apresentados na língua portuguesa, na área específica da Economia. Em uma primeira parte do trabalho, desenvolvemos considerações de ordem teórica, referente à terminologia e à metalingugem. Tomando por objetivo da análise os termos constantes da Base de Termos da Economia, constituída no âmbito do Projeto Observatório de Neologismos do Português Brasileiro Contemporâneo (projeto TermNeo), verificamos que, estatisticamente, cerca de 8,4% dos termos se constituem em estrangeirismos Os estrangeirismos coletados foram posteriormente classificados de acordo com a tipologia de sua apresentação. Por meio de análise dos contextos em que ocorreram, os respectivos estrangeirismos foram classificados em duzentos e vinte e nove tipos de apresentação diferentes e, a seguir, agrupados em nove categorias. Procedemos à análise de algumas formas de apresentação, procurando distinguir as formas que implicavam a utilização de recursos gráficos ou de língua-objeto, bem como os de metaliguagem. Ao final, foram feitas considerações sobre a questão da metalinguagem. / The objective of the dissertation was to analyse how terms brought in from other languages are presented in Portuguese, specifically, in the area of Economics. In the first part of the dissertation we presented theoretical considerations on terminology and metalanguage. The terms analyzed were those included in the Base de Termos da Economia [Base of Economic Terms] drawn up as part of the project known as Observatório de Neologismos do Português Brasileiro Contemporâneo (Projeto TermNeo). We found that, statistically, approximately 8.4% of the entries consisted of foreign terms. The terms collected were later classified according to the typology of their presentation. Based on an analysis of the contexts where they occurred, the terms were classified into two hundred and twenty-nine different types of presentation and then grouped into nine categories. Several of the forms of presentation were analyzed in an attempt to distinguish those that imply the use of graphic resources or object-language, as well as those of metalanguage. At the end considerations were presented on the question of metalanguage.

Esta tese estuda, a partir de uma perspectiva filológica, os escritos que acompanhavam as crianças depositadas anonimamente na roda dos expostos, para que fossem criadas pelas Misericórdias. A partir de pesquisas de campo em quatro arquivos, localizados nas Santas Casas de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro e Lisboa, constituímos um corpus de 60 escritos, com datas entre 1790 e 1923. Examinamos o contexto de circulação desses escritos, a definição de termos frequentes e/ou próprios do estudo das rodas dos expostos e tratamos dos contextos institucional, jurídico e histórico das rodas dos expostos. Apresentamos a reprodução fac-similar, a transcrição semidiplomática do corpus da pesquisa e a descrição codicológica dos escritos. Por meio da análise diplomática do corpus, examinamos os elementos extrínsecos e intrínsecos que o caracterizam. A presença de sinais, que permitiriam o resgate futuro da criança depositada, é própria dos escritos da roda. Há vários sinais nos escritos do corpus, os quais podem ser tanto elementos textuais como não-textuais. Dividimos o estudo do texto dos escritos em duas partes principais: a expositio, na qual o autor fornece as informações sobre o exposto que considera importantes (o nome da criança, a data de nascimento e o fato de a criança estar ou não batizada); e a dispositio, em que o autor manifesta suas vontades e intenções ao destinatário (de maneira geral, relacionadas aos sinais e ao resgate da criança). A partir do estudo tipológico, concluímos que grande parte dos escritos da roda corresponde à espécie documental carta, tanto em sua função quanto em sua forma. Observamos também a ocorrência, em menor número, de outros padrões tipológicos, que correspondem ao poema, à narrativa, e à lista de dados. Embora haja alteração da forma, nos quatro tipos de escrito identificados sempre constam as informações essenciais sobre o exposto. Essa regularidade nos escritos da roda revela que, mesmo não se tratando de documentos oficiais, os escritos da roda apresentam-se como documentos informais de identificação da criança. Apesar de não haver fórmulas oficialmente prescritas, os escritos apresentam, por padrões inferidos, uma prática tipológica que se caracteriza como parte da cultura da roda. / Based on a philological perspective, this dissertation has studied the writing notes that accompanied the babies anonymously left at the Foundling Wheels to be raised by the charitable hospitals Misericordias (Holy Houses of Mercy). Conducting field research studies of four files at Santa Casa de Misericordia in Sao Paulo, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and Lisbon, we have built a corpus of 60 writing notes dated from 1790 to 1923. We have examined the context of circulation of said writings, the definition of frequent and/or proper terms from Foundling Wheels studies and considered the institutional, legal and historical background of the Foundling Wheels. We present the fax-simile reproduction, the semi-diplomatic transcription of the documents and the codicological description of the notes. Based on the diplomatic analysis of the corpus, we have examined the intrinsic and extrinsic elements that characterize them. The presence of signals that would enable future reclaim of the abandoned child is part of the writings found in the Wheels. There are many indications in the corpus writings, which may include textual and non-textual elements. We have divided the study of the writings into two main parts: expositio, in which the author provides information about the foundling (name of the child, date of birth, and whether the child had been baptized), and dispositio, in which the author states her/ his wills and intentions to the recipient (generally related to the signals and the child future reclaim). Based on typology studies, we have concluded that most of the writings from the Wheel corresponded to the document type letter, both in its function and format. We have also observed less frequent examples of other typological formats, such as poems, narratives, and lists. Even though the format is different, all four identified types included some essential information about the foundlings. This regularity of the Wheels\' writings indicates that, even though they were not official documents, these writings served as informal identification documents of the children. Although there are no officially prescribed formulas, we can infer that these writings have a typology that is characterized as part of the Foundling Wheel culture.

O aumento da concorrência impulsionou o surgimento de inovações tecnológicas, o que possibilitou, principalmente na área de tecnologia de informação, a forma de especialização flexível do trabalho que permite diversificar mercadorias para nichos de mercado cada vez mais específicos. Com a intenção de aumentar a estabilidade das empresas frente a esse ambiente turbulento, a formação de redes de empresas viabiliza adaptações rápidas às inovações tecnológicas e o aumento de economia de escala. O estabelecimento de redes de empresas ocorre em organizações de todo o porte e podem trazer vantagens como: elevar o poder de competitividade, criando relações mais confiantes entre seus fornecedores e clientes; dividir riscos e custos, somando os investimentos iniciais menores; e maior transferência de informação e tecnologia. A rede de cooperação é formada por empresas que se relacionam, porém são independentes; aumenta a flexibilidade, mas necessita de competências essenciais. A rede tem algumas características que diferem quanto à centralização, formalização, direção e inter-relação. A literatura existente sobre a formalização da rede de empresas ainda é bastante difusa. O estudo do ambiente operacional ou de redes de empresas é efetivado através de uma caracterização morfológica e tipológica da rede que auxilia no processo de formação e gerência de redes de empresas. / The increase of the competition mainly stimulated the sprouting of technological innovations, what it made possible, in the area of information technology, the form of flexible specialization of the work, that allows to diversify goods more and more for market niches specific. With the intention of increasing the stability of the companies front to this turbulent environment the formation of networks of companies it makes possible fast adaptations to the technological innovations and the increase of scale economy. The establishment of networks of companies occurs in organizations of whole the load, appear larger advantages, such as: to raise the competitiveness power, creating more confident relationships with your suppliers and customers; to divide risks and costs, adding the lesser initial investments the union and most transference of information and technology. The cooperation network is formed by companies that relate, however they are independent; it increases flexibility, but it needs essential competences. The network has some characteristics that differ with relationship to the centralization, formalization and direction. The existent literature on the formalization of the network of companies still is sufficiently diffuse. The study of the operational environment or network environment is executed through a morphologic and topologic characterization of the net, that aid in the building and management process of network firms.

Este estudo apresenta uma análise da tipologia das personagens femininas na obra de Anton P. Tchékhov e busca examinar a evolução da poética dessas personagens nos diversos períodos da produção literária do escritor. Por meio dos contos do escritor, procura-se destacar as singularidades acerca da representação da figura feminina, relacionando-as aos conflitos entre a mulher e a sociedade russa do final do século XIX e início do XX presentes nas narrativas. O trabalho encontrou suporte na fortuna crítica sobre a poética da personagem e o estudo cronológico da obra de Tchékhov, procurando evidenciar os traços específicos de cada um dos grupos de personagens femininas e, consequentemente, demonstrar suas influências no modo de representação da mulher, de forma que contribua para a compreensão não só da especificidade desses tipos femininos dentro da obra do escritor, mas também da importância deles na ruptura com o modelo feminino idealizado na tradição literária russa. / This study presents an analysis of the female characters typology in the works of Anton P. Tchékhov and aims to examine the poetic evolution of those characters in the various periods of the writers literary production. Through the authors short stories, it is expected to highlight the singularities about the womens representation, relating them to the conflict between woman and the Russian society in the late nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century present in the narratives. The study found support on the previous critical works on the characters poetics and on the chronology of Tchékhovs works, trying to bring light to specific characteristics of each of the female characters subgroup and, consequently, demonstrate their influence on the way women are represented, in a way that it may contribute to the comprehension not only of the specificities of those female types in the writers work, but also of the importance of them in the rupture with the female models idealized in the Russian literature tradition.

Le Sahara est réputé comme étant un écosystème fragile (l’oasis) occupé par un système social solidaire et identitaire. L’activité agricole est considérée comme l’activité « principale » autour de laquelle tourne une organisation sociale et solidaire. Les infrastructures de base se développent et se multiplient, depuis l’indépendance de l’Algérie, avec l’évolution de la population au Sahara.La dynamique territoriale de la capitale des oasis « Ouargla » est stimulée, depuis l’antiquité, par le commerce caravanier. L’exploitation des hydrocarbures et la mobilisation des nappes d’eau souterraines « non ou faiblement renouvelables » pour le développement agricole, ont permis une recomposition sociale et territoriale permanente, plaçant « l’eau » en tant que contrainte environnementale majeure et enjeu central de développement et de la durabilité du système oasien.L’interventionnisme « fort de l’Etat » dans les régions sahariennes, les nouvelles préoccupations d’ordre patrimoniale et les dynamiques contemporaines permettent-t-elles la durabilité du système oasien millénaire ? / The Sahara is reputed to be a fragile ecosystem (the oasis) occupied by a social solidarity and identity system. Agricultural activity is considered to be the "main" activity around which a social and solidarity-based organization operates. Since the independence of Algeria, the basic infrastructure has developed and multiplied, with the evolution of the population in the Sahara.The territorial dynamics of the capital of the oases "Ouargla" has been stimulated since antiquity by caravan trade. The exploitation of hydrocarbons and the mobilization of groundwater "non or slightly renewable" for agricultural development, allowed a permanent social and territorial recomposition, placing "water" as a major environmental constraint and central stake of Development and sustainability of the oasis system.Are the "strong state interventionism" in the Saharan regions, the new patrimonial concerns and the contemporary dynamics allow the sustainability of the millennial oasis system?