Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-07-19T18:24:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 herlon_fernandes_almeida.pdf: 393247 bytes, checksum: f4af98e3905867027f184516dced301d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-07-28T17:44:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 herlon_fernandes_almeida.pdf: 393247 bytes, checksum: f4af98e3905867027f184516dced301d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T17:44:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 herlon_fernandes_almeida.pdf: 393247 bytes, checksum: f4af98e3905867027f184516dced301d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O est?gio supervisionado ? disciplina obrigat?ria no curr?culo do curso de enfermagem em atendimento ?s normas constantes na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa??o Nacional, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Enfermagem, dentre outras normatiza??es de ?mbito nacional, estadual e institucional. A efetiva??o desta pr?tica de est?gio ? feita a partir de conv?nios celebrados entre a institui??o de ensino superior e as de sa?de, que recebem os estagi?rios em processo de forma??o nos dois ?ltimos semestres do curso de enfermagem. Neste processo os profissionais que atuam na institui??o de sa?de assumem a fun??o de preceptor, respons?veis por acompanhar, orientar e avaliar os discentes na pr?xis cotidiana do profissional de enfermagem. A contribui??o desses profissionais na constru??o do conhecimento te?rico/pr?tico dos estagi?rios vai tamb?m ao encontro dos preceitos contidos no artigo 6? da lei n? 8080/90 do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS). Durante o processo de est?gio, o docente, titular da disciplina ? o correspons?vel pelo acompanhamento, avalia??o e orienta??o das a??es desenvolvidas pelos alunos, conforme plano de ensino e projeto de est?gio. Com base na experi?ncia adquirida quando na fun??o de professor substituto do curso de enfermagem atuando em campos de est?gio, portanto, conhecedor da proposta institucional de ensino e das situa??es vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros preceptores no momento de realiza??o da pr?tica, ? que foi proposta a realiza??o desta pesquisa, que teve como objetivo principal estudar a compreens?o dos enfermeiros que atuam como preceptores de est?gio sobre o ser preceptor e suas contribui??es para a forma??o dos discentes deste curso. Trata-se de um estudo explorat?rio/descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como instrumento de coleta entrevistas semiestruturadas. O quantitativo dos entrevistados foi limitado conforme os crit?rios de inclus?o e de satura??o e os dados analisados por meio da an?lise de conte?do de Bardin. Como resultados, foram identificadas tr?s categorias de an?lise: est?gio supervisionado e suas contribui??es, o ser preceptor na forma??o acad?mica e integra??o academia e servi?o de sa?de. Foi poss?vel com o estudo entender a compreens?o dos enfermeiros sobre o ser preceptor, a rela??o entre os profissionais das institui??es - a proponente e a parceira no desenvolvimento do est?gio supervisionado e revelar processos que podem ser alterados para que haja uma melhora no desenvolvimento do est?gio supervisionado. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ensino em Sa?de, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The supervised training is a compulsory subject in nursing course curriculum in compliance with the provisions contained in the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education, National Curriculum Guidelines for Nursing, among others under standardizations national, state and institutional. The completion of this stage of practice is made from agreements entered into between the institution of higher education and health, receiving trainees who are in process of formation in the last two semesters of the nursing course. In this process, the professionals working in the health institution take the preceptor role, responsible for monitoring, guide and assess students in everyday practice of professional nursing. The contribution of these professionals in the construction of the theoretical / practical knowledge of the trainees will also meet the provisions contained in Article 6 of Law No. 8080/90 of the Unified Health System (SUS). During the training process, the teacher holder of the discipline is co-responsible for monitoring, evaluation and orientation of the actions developed by the students as teaching plan and stage design. Based on the experience gained when the teacher function replacement of the nursing course acting in stage fields, so connoisseur of institutional proposal of teaching and the situations experienced by the preceptors nurses at the time of completion of the practice is that it was proposed to carry out this research that aimed to study the understanding of nurses who act as preceptors stage about being preceptor and his contributions to the formation of the students of this course. This is an exploratory / descriptive study of qualitative approach, using as a collection tool semi-structured interviews. The amount of respondents was limited as the inclusion criteria and saturation and the data analyzed by the Bardin content analysis. As a result, three analytical categories were identified: supervised training and their contributions, the preceptor be in academic training and integration academia and the health service. It was possible to study to understand nurses' understanding about being preceptor, the relationship between the professionals of the institutions - the applicant and partner in the development of supervised training and reveal processes that can be changed so that there is an improvement in the development of supervised training.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of determining the differential impact of informational delivery systems T1 (games and simulations), T2 (closed-circuit television), T3 (programmed learning), and T4 (standard lecture and discussion) on student understanding of elementary economic concepts as measured by the Test of Understanding in College Economics. In addition, the study seeks to determine whether a significant relationship exists between students' revealed preferences for specific informational delivery systems and increased economic understanding, and whether a significant relationship exists between students' evaluation of specific informational delivery systems as most effective in preparation for class examinations and increased economic understanding.

This work is to them who have recently received the diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), since the disease is quite a life changer this by creating limitations and cause serious health problems. Problems that would changes their life forever, this in adapting to their new life situation where communication has become harder this to express in an understandable way and understanding has become even harder. Since being diagnosed with MS it affect more than a single person, the one diagnosed family is also experiencing almost the same sort of difficulties and life changer. In not knowing what their family member is trying to express, this in order to make the family understand them will create a gap between them of misunderstanding. Evan the healthcare experience this sort of troubles when they are trying to understand what their patient is trying to express, without the proper understanding it might cause mistreatment of the patient. With a clearer understanding of their patient could they early understand their patients in knowing what they are trying to express. Since the healthcare staffs has been educated about this sort of disease would an easy understanding about their patient be helpful, this to provide the patient with the proper care. People that has never heard and been in contact with this sort of disease and what sort of features it could cause would be enlighten about the disease as well how it is to live with it. Providing an eye-opener to the public in what this disease is and what sort of problems it causes, this to inform and sharing the information. By sharing the information concerning this would the public be enlighten and have an understanding about the problems, which the person with MS experience. In order of enable, this sort of understanding between those with MS and the healthy ones would to use design in order of creating a sort of platform of common understanding. Creating a sort of bridge of understanding between healthy people and those with MS, it would improve the understanding of the person with MS as well the disease itself. This sort of tool would be helpful in the health care in helping those who recently been diagnosed with MS, reducing the stress in knowing their disease. This would as well ease and milder the shock of them diagnosed, providing them some sort of comfort in knowing their disease. To understand this sort of problems and symptoms, it would be possible to enlighten people as well health care, about the hardship that those who live with MS which they are enduring each day. To be diagnosed with MS and not knowing about what it is could cause extreme stress, worsening the diseases, being in a new situation with an unknown disease, without having someone to ask about this, expect the healthcare. In healthcare there exists no book written by one having MS describing the different symptoms as well the troubles, which they experience, this sort of information would be helpful since the one having MS wants to know from one experience the same troubles as they. To feel the comfort regarding their disease as well to feel that there is someone that has gone through the same experience as they have gone through. The result, which is a book that would act as a tool for understanding the disease, its troubles and problems in a clear as well informed way. This would create a sort of bridge of understanding between those with MS and those without. The pictures in the book are illustrating and informing in a clear way about the disease and its different symptoms. Since the disease is difficult to understand due to its diversity of problems, the book is displaying some of the most common problems in how it is to experience MS. This sort of book could help the already diagnosed in understanding their disease and be something they could find comfort to know as well knowing that someone else has experienced the same things as them.

This paper aims to show two things. On the one hand, it aims to discover that the interpretation executed by Gadamer of the Dilthian hermeneutic project ends up being one sided and reductionist in several respects, and therefore does not do justice to the fundamental hermeneutical plan of the critique of historical reason. Furthermore, we will show how Gadamerian hermeneutics continue with the Dilthian project assimilating trascendental elements that, ultimately, structurally operate the philosophical hermeneutics. / En el presente trabajo se intentará mostrar dos cosas. Por un lado, se apunta a descubrir que la lectura que realiza Gadamer del proyecto hermenéutico dilthyano termina por ser una interpretación unilateral y reduccionista en varios aspectos, y, por ende, no hace justicia al plan hermenéutico fundamental de la crítica de la razón histórica. Por otro lado, se mostrará cómo la hermenéutica gadameriana continúa con el proyecto dilthyano asimilando elementos trascendentales que terminan por operar estructuralmente la hermenéutica filosófica.

La concepción clásica de la empatía sostiene que comprender al otro involucra la habilidad para identificarse con él imaginariamente. Hay varias versiones de esta tesis, pero el elemento común parece ser que, para que la comprensión sea posible, el intérprete debe tener la capacidad de simular los estados mentales del agente o de simular ser él, bajo condiciones contrafácticas. En este artículo, intentaré mostrar, en primer lugar, que esta concepción de la empatía ha estado usualmente comprometida con un modelo intencionalista, transposicional y monádico de lo mental. En segundo lugar, me propongo explorar las posibilidades de reformular el concepto de empatía, eliminando esos elementos que puedan sobrevivir en él. La propuesta de esta contribución es que resulta preferible ver la comprensión como la creación de un espacio compartido, según el cual quien comprende expande creativamente su propia subjetividad, constituida intersubjetivamente, dejando un espacio para albergar al otro, lo cual es también, en un importante sentido, un proceso de transformación. Esta manera de concebir la comprensión pretende explicitar y desarrollar algunas intuiciones que se encuentran implícitas en algunos filósofos contemporáneos, integrándolas con discusiones recientes en filosofía de la mente y psicología experimental.---Understanding, imagination, and transformation”. The classical conception of empathy holds that to understand another person involves the ability to identify with him in imagination. There are different versions of this thesis, but the common element seems to be that for understanding to be possible, the interpreter must have the ability to simulate the mental states of the agent, or to simulate being him under contrafactic conditions. I will try to show, in the first place, that this conception of empathy has been usually committed to an intentional, transpositional and monadic model of the mind. In the second place, I will try to explore a way to reformulate the concept of empathy, eliminating these elements that might survive in it. This contribution holds that it is better to see understanding as the creation of a shared space in which the person who understands expands creatively his or her own subjectivity, making space for the other, which is also in an important way a process of transformation. This way of looking at understanding tries to explicit and develop some intuitions that can be found implicit in some contemporary philosophers, integrating them with recent discussions in the philosophy of mind and in experimental psychology.

Hume, no Tratado da Natureza Humana, afirma haver duas formas de o hábito atuar na produção de inferências, a saber, conforme princípios regulares e irregulares da imaginação. Em decorrência, estipula determinadas regras gerais para marcar a atuação do hábito no primeiro modo, restringindo a ela o espaço da causa e efeito. A intenção desta tese é investigar o estatuto dessas regras, bem como as suas consequências quanto ao estabelecimento das fronteiras entre a razão e a imaginação. Trata-se de questionar, inicialmente, qual é o parâmetro que permite uma separação, nos juízos, entre operações regulares e irregulares da imaginação, considerando-se que Hume mostra não haver uma justificativa racional para a relação de causa e efeito. Em contrapartida, pretende-se indicar em que medida uma nova noção de racionalidade experimental é configurada a partir da interposição desse novo critério, bem como discutir como é também a estabilização do agir do entendimento sobre a imaginação que se encontra no horizonte da normatividade instaurada pela regulação, via regras gerais do juízo. / In \"A Treatise of Human Nature\", Hume claims that there are two manners through which custom influences the production of inferences, namely, according to regular and irregular principles of imagination. Consequently, he stipulates certain general rules in order to point out the influence of custom on the first manner, circumscribing the realm of cause and effect to it. This thesis investigates these rules as well as their consequences regarding the establishment of the boundaries between reason and imagination. Considering that, according to Hume, there is not any racional justification to the cause-effect relationship, first we must question which is the parameter that allow us to separare, in reasoning, regular and irregular operation of the imagination. On the other hand, we intent to point in what extend a new notion of experimental rationality is constituted from the intervention of this new criteria. We also intent to discuss how the estabilization of understanding act works over imagination, which is placed in the range of normativity established by regulation, through the general rules of judgment.

Trata-se de investigar a atividade da compreensão em Hannah Arendt. Para tanto, assumiremos como horizonte desta pesquisa alguns aspectos do fenômeno totalitário. Nossa hipótese é que a compreensão, ao contrário de outras atividades mentais, está intimamente ligada ao mundo. Além disso, o compreender influencia a atitude dos indivíduos na medida em que os atrela aos acontecimentos. Por conseguinte, compreensão e acontecimento engendram uma nova experiência espaço-temporal, mediante a qual os fatos são desnaturalizados, abrindo-se, assim, à inspeção humana. A abertura operada pela compreensão não é, como poderíamos supor, de todo exterior ao homem. Segundo Arendt, o domínio do mundo e o domínio do pensamento comunicam suas experiências através das metáforas. Analisar o modo como o pensar se manifesta no mundo e como as experiências mundanas são apreendidas pelo pensamento mostrase fundamental para um bom entendimento da atividade da compreensão. / We intend to investigate the activity of understanding in Hannah Arendt. Therefore we will base this research on some aspects of the totalitarian phenomenon. Our hypothesis is that understanding, unlike other mental activities, is closely connected to the world. Furthermore, the activity of understanding influences the attitude of the men as approaches them to the events. Thus, understanding and events create a new space-time experience, by which facts are not naturalized, so the events are open to the human inspection. The opening created by the understanding is not, as we might suppose, external to men. According to Arendt, world and thought spaces communicate their experiences through metaphors. To analyze how the thinking manifests itself in the world and how the mundane experiences are apprehended by thought is crucial to reveal the implications of understanding.

The main purpose of this study is to probe the understanding of principals of their role in the management of public school finance and the implementation of the finance policy. The following research question was used to investigate the problem: “What is the understanding of public school principals in the Maviljan Circuit, Mpumalanga Province of their role in the management of finances and the implementation of the finance policy of their schools? This circuit is situated in a rural area. Principals in the majority of the schools are not well qualified in financial management and most of the members of the parent component of the School Governing Body are illiterate. The South African Schools Act, Act 84 of 1996 (hereafter referred to as SASA) states that the SGB, of which the principal is an ex-officio member, must perform a variety of tasks such as section 20 and section 21 functions. Thus, the promulgation of the South African schools Act introduced innovations in public schools and changed the role of the principal regarding finance management and the implementation of the finance policy. Roles, duties and responsibilities of school managers have been revised. School managers themselves have had to undergo a shift in their thinking with regard to their roles in the new millennium (Sebate, 2006). It is in the best interest of schools and their learners that principals have a clear understanding of their role in the management of public school finance and the implementation of the finance policy, enabling them to manage school finances and implement the finance policy effectively. The problem was investigated by means of a qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews and document analysis in a purposive sample of five primary schools in the Maviljan Circuit, Mpumalanga Province. The investigation has led to a deeper understanding of the problem under investigation. Based on my findings, a number of recommendations are made and a number of aspects for further investigation have been identified to help in empowering or capacitating principals with knowledge and skills so that they can have a better understanding of their role in the management of public school finance and the implementation of the finance policy. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Hermeneutics has always been concerned with understanding, which has led to the development of numerous methods and approaches to assist the interpreter in his own attempt to understand. In text immanent methods, which became very popular over the last century, the final text was analysed and studied on etymological, syntactical and grammatical levels. The interpreter just had to apply the rules of his method objectively in order to expose the truth which was locked up in the text. These approaches were shaken to their core with the bloom of historical criticism. Now, for the first time, the authenticity of the final text of the Bible was openly questioned. This was a major shock to Bible readers. One Old Testament scholar, Gerhard Von Rad, lived in the middle of this whole storm, but instead of rejecting the claims of historical criticism, he used what they offered him to extract meaning from the text. Von Rad used the final text of the Old Testament as a point of departure but then asked how this text developed historically. Through an in-depth study of the text, he discovered sources that stood out as building blocks for the development of the Old Testament - different traditions had come into existence over time and there were drawn together into the final text of the Old Testament. Von Rad discovered the Credo which he identified as the most basic testimony Israel had preserved. He then continued to show how this Credo was interpreted and reinterpreted in every new generation in Israel. With the aid of this Traditionsgeschichte he understood the historical growth of the Old Testament and that help him with his Verstehen of the final text. Hans-Georg Gadamer was a philosopher who lived in the same era. He was also concerned with historical understanding of texts from the past. With his Wirkungsgeschichte he asked about historical interpretations of the text. The constant flow of interpretation and reinterpretation over centuries, helped him understand ancient texts better. He did not see the temporal distance between the original author and the modern interpreter as a threatening abyss but believed that it was rather filled with opportunity. In this dissertation we look at the contributions of Von Rad and Gadamer and how it assists us in understanding Verstehen. Man is a historical being, who exists against the backdrop of history. It is this historical Dasein of man and his Geworfenheit in the world that makes it possible for him to understand texts from the past. Gadamer’s fusion of horizons, rooted in man’s historicity, bridge the gap between the past and the present. Where synchronic text immanent methods reject all subjective influences, Gadamer and Von Rad point to the nature of man’s inescapable historical being – man comes to understand by dealing honestly with his own Geworfenheit in this world. We learn that Verstehen is not concerned with an absolute truth that must be gained as an object, but Verstehen is an on-going historical process involving man’s whole being. The interpreter is part of an on-going process of coming to understanding. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

Ce travail de thèse propose de s’intéresser au développement des capacités de compréhension et de marquage graphique des émotions de manière conjointe. Ce manuscrit aborde plusieurs questions comme le décalage pouvant exister entre ces deux capacités ou encore l’influence des stéréotypes liés au genre sur la manière dont les enfants comprennent les émotions dans une histoire et les représentent dans leurs dessins (Etudes 1 et 2). Dans une visée plus appliquée, ce travail de thèse pose la question de la pertinence d’utiliser une tâche de dessin pour évaluer la compréhension des émotions chez des enfants présentant des troubles du langage oral (Etude 3). Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons demandé à des enfants âgés de 6 à 10 ans d’identifier l’état émotionnel du personnage d’un récit (i.e., tâche d’identification) et/ou de marquer cette émotion dans leur dessin en complétant le visage du personnage (i.e., tâche de marquage graphique). Contrairement aux travaux déjà existant dans le domaine, les histoires utilisées pour examiner les capacités de compréhension et de marquage des émotions sont issues de la littérature jeunesse. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse suggèrent que l’âge, l’émotion mais aussi l’importance de l’évènement déclencheur de l’émotion sont autant de facteurs pouvant expliquer le décalage existant entre la capacité à comprendre une émotion et celle consistant à la représenter dans un dessin. Par ailleurs, les enfants semblent identifier et représenter les émotions en tenant compte des stéréotypes de genre. Enfin, la tâche de dessin semble être une tâche intéressante lorsque nous nous intéressons à la compréhension émotionnelle des enfants présentant des troubles du langage. Les apports de ce travail de doctorat sont discutés au regard des connaissances théoriques et méthodologiques qu’il fournit à propos des capacités de compréhension et de marquage des émotions. Nos perspectives de recherches futures sont également abordées. / This thesis deals with the development of two abilities: understanding and drawing of emotions studied together. This work considers many questions, namely on the gap between both abilities, and the influence of gender stereotypes on how children understand emotions in a story and how children represent these emotions in their drawings (Study 1 and 2). On an applied basis, we consider the interest of using a drawing task to assess the emotional understanding in children with language impairment (Study 3). To answer these questions, we ask children aged 6 to 10 to identify the emotional state of a character in a story (i.e., identification task) and to depict this emotion in a drawing by completing the character’s face (i.e., drawing task). Contrary to prior studies, we used natural stories from children literature to assess abilities to understand and to depict emotions. Our results suggest that age, emotion and the trigger event of the emotion can explain in part the difference between both abilities. Moreover, children seem to identify and depict emotions taking account of gender stereotypes. Finally, the drawing task seems to be relevant to assess the emotional understanding in children with language impairment. Contributions of this thesis are discussed in view of theoretical and methodological knowledge about abilities to understand and to depict emotions. Research perspectives are also approached.