Gegenwärtige Infrastrukturen für verteilte Dienste und Anwendungen, insbesondere das Internet, entwickeln sich zunehmend zu mobilen verteilten Systemen. Durch die Integration drahtloser Netze, mobiler bzw. dedizierter Endgeräte und nicht zuletzt durch die Mobilität der Benutzer steigt die Heterogenität und Dynamik der Systeme hinsichtlich der eingesetzten Endgeräte, Kommunikationstechnologien sowie Benutzeranforderungen und Anwendungssituationen. Diese Eigenschaften sind mobilen Systemen inhärent und bleiben trotz der fortschreitenden Entwicklung der Technologien bestehen. Daraus resultieren spezifische Anforderungen an Anwendungen und Dienste, denen insbesondere die Softwareentwicklung Rechnung tragen muss. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Adaptivität von Softwaresystemen als wesentlicher Lösungsansatz für mobile verteilte Infrastrukturen thematisiert. Dazu werden wesentliche Mechanismen zur Adaption sowie der Überschneidungsbereich von Adaptionsmechanismen, "Context-Awareness" und Softwareentwicklung untersucht. Ziel ist es, Erkenntnisse über Basismechanismen und Grundprinzipien der Adaption zu gewinnen und diese zur systematischen Entwicklung adaptiver Anwendungen auszunutzen. Aus der Analyse des State-of-the-Art werden als erstes wichtiges Ergebnis der Arbeit wesentliche Basismechanismen zur Adaption identifiziert, umfassend klassifiziert und hinsichtlich eines Einsatzes in mobilen verteilten Infrastrukturen bewertet. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein Meta-Modell zur systematischen Entwicklung adaptiver Anwendungen erarbeitet. Dieses erlaubt die Beschreibung adaptiver Anwendungen durch die Komposition von Basismechanismen zur Struktur- und Parameteradaption. Die Steuerung der Adaption durch Kontext und Meta-Informationen kann explizit beschrieben werden. Das Meta-Modell kann Entwickler beim Entwurf adaptiver Anwendungen unterstützen, stellt aber auch einen Ausgangspunkt für deren Analyse und Validierung sowie zur Kodegenerierung dar. Durch die explizite Beschreibung der verwendeten Adaptionsmechanismen und deren Abhängigkeiten von Kontext können Anwendungsmodelle außerdem zur Dokumentation verwendet werden. Im Rahmen der Validierung konnte die Integrierbarkeit der Basismechanismen und die flexible Anwendbarkeit des Modells zur systematischen Entwicklung adaptiver Anwendungen nachgewiesen werden.

Gegenwärtige Infrastrukturen für verteilte Dienste und Anwendungen, insbesondere das Internet, entwickeln sich zunehmend zu mobilen verteilten Systemen. Durch die Integration drahtloser Netze, mobiler bzw. dedizierter Endgeräte und nicht zuletzt durch die Mobilität der Benutzer steigt die Heterogenität und Dynamik der Systeme hinsichtlich der eingesetzten Endgeräte, Kommunikationstechnologien sowie Benutzeranforderungen und Anwendungssituationen. Diese Eigenschaften sind mobilen Systemen inhärent und bleiben trotz der fortschreitenden Entwicklung der Technologien bestehen. Daraus resultieren spezifische Anforderungen an Anwendungen und Dienste, denen insbesondere die Softwareentwicklung Rechnung tragen muss. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Adaptivität von Softwaresystemen als wesentlicher Lösungsansatz für mobile verteilte Infrastrukturen thematisiert. Dazu werden wesentliche Mechanismen zur Adaption sowie der Überschneidungsbereich von Adaptionsmechanismen, "Context-Awareness" und Softwareentwicklung untersucht. Ziel ist es, Erkenntnisse über Basismechanismen und Grundprinzipien der Adaption zu gewinnen und diese zur systematischen Entwicklung adaptiver Anwendungen auszunutzen. Aus der Analyse des State-of-the-Art werden als erstes wichtiges Ergebnis der Arbeit wesentliche Basismechanismen zur Adaption identifiziert, umfassend klassifiziert und hinsichtlich eines Einsatzes in mobilen verteilten Infrastrukturen bewertet. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein Meta-Modell zur systematischen Entwicklung adaptiver Anwendungen erarbeitet. Dieses erlaubt die Beschreibung adaptiver Anwendungen durch die Komposition von Basismechanismen zur Struktur- und Parameteradaption. Die Steuerung der Adaption durch Kontext und Meta-Informationen kann explizit beschrieben werden. Das Meta-Modell kann Entwickler beim Entwurf adaptiver Anwendungen unterstützen, stellt aber auch einen Ausgangspunkt für deren Analyse und Validierung sowie zur Kodegenerierung dar. Durch die explizite Beschreibung der verwendeten Adaptionsmechanismen und deren Abhängigkeiten von Kontext können Anwendungsmodelle außerdem zur Dokumentation verwendet werden. Im Rahmen der Validierung konnte die Integrierbarkeit der Basismechanismen und die flexible Anwendbarkeit des Modells zur systematischen Entwicklung adaptiver Anwendungen nachgewiesen werden.

We propose the concept of spatial analytic interfaces (SAIs) as a tool for performing in-situ, everyday analytic tasks. Mobile computing is now ubiquitous and provides access to information at nearly any time or place. However, current mobile interfaces do not easily enable the type of sophisticated analytic tasks that are now well-supported by desktop computers. Conversely, desktop computers, with large available screen space to view multiple data visualizations, are not always available at the ideal time and place for a particular task. Spatial user interfaces, leveraging state-of-the-art miniature and wearable technologies, can potentially provide intuitive computer interfaces to deal with the complexity needed to support everyday analytic tasks. These interfaces can be implemented with versatile form factors that provide mobility for doing such taskwork in-situ, that is, at the ideal time and place. We explore the design of spatial analytic interfaces for in-situ analytic tasks, that leverage the benefits of an upcoming generation of light-weight, see-through, head-worn displays. We propose how such a platform can meet the five primary design requirements for personal visual analytics: mobility, integration, interpretation, multiple views and interactivity. We begin with a design framework for spatial analytic interfaces based on a survey of existing designs of spatial user interfaces. We then explore how to best meet these requirements through a series of design concepts, user studies and prototype implementations. Our result is a holistic exploration of the spatial analytic concept on a head-worn display platform. / October 2016

L’objectif de notre thèse est de contribuer à la conception de situations informatiques diffuses efficaces énergétiquement et appropriables par les habitants au quotidien. Pour cela, à partir d'une approche centrée sur l'activité, nous caractérisons les contextes d'activité quotidienne, ce qui permet d'élaborer nos principes de conception et des scénarios. Cette recherche est menée en référence au cadre du « cours d'action » (Theureau, 2004) ainsi qu'à une approche critique et située (e.g., Barad, 2007; Suchman, 2007) de l'agentivité physique sous-tendant l'action collective, via la notion de « cours d'agencement ». Les spécificités de l'informatique diffuse (e.g., en réseau disséminé dans l'environnement) et des situations domestiques investiguées (e.g., plusieurs pièces et étages) nous amènent à créer une méthodologie pour l’analyse formelle du collectif et les scénarios : le format « multi-portées ». Sur ces bases, nous caractérisons les contextes d'activité de plusieurs familles vivant dans des maisons à forte consommation énergétique. Nos résultats mettent en évidence les préoccupations des habitants, les jeux de suspension/actualisation à travers le temps, ou de préoccupations multiples à l'instant « t » et les anticipations qui les structurent. Nous caractérisons également des contextes d'articulations collectives, montrant que les membres de la famille sont engagés dans des préoccupations à la fois similaires et différentes, oscillant entre convergence et divergence à différentes échelles de temps. Enfin, nous comparons 85 agencements du collectif dans l'habitat et les types d' « (im)possibilités » perceptives et pratiques qui en émergent entre humains, objets et espaces physiques. Ces résultats permettent d'alimenter notre modèle de conception de situations informatiques diffuses appropriables et efficaces énergétiquement. Après avoir présenté les orientations et principes de conception généraux, nous construisons des scénarios collectifs d'« interactions incidentes/intentionnelles » (Dix, 2002) entre humains et réseaux, puis nous définissons comment le futur système devra fonctionner afin d'être appropriable et efficace énergétiquement. Ce travail montre qu'il est possible et nécessaire de concevoir l'efficience énergétique des réseaux socio-techniques tout en donnant des possibilités d'action et d'appropriation à l'humain. / This research aims at contributing to the design of ubiquitous computing environments enabling both energy efficiency and their appropriation by people in everyday life at home. To this end, from an activity-centered perspective, we empirically characterize a wide range of contexts of everyday life and build design principles and scenarios. This research is conducted with reference to the « course-of-action » framework (Theureau, 2003) and a situated/critical approach (Barad , 2007; Suchman , 2007) of the physical agencies composing collective action : the « course of agencement (agency from physical arrangement)». First, the joint specifics of ubicomp (e.g., networking scattered agents through time and space) and home arena (e.g., several people, rooms and floors) lead us to create a methodology of formal analysis and scenarios : the « multi-scores » layout. Second, we characterize the activity contexts of households living in homes with high energy consumption rates. Our results highlight the richness of the inhabitants' concerns, the significant dynamics of suspension/actualization over time, the simultaneity of multiple concerns underpinning expectations in daily life. We also characterize contexts of collective articulations, showing that family members engage in both similar and different concerns, oscillating between convergence and divergence at different timescales. Finally, we compare 85 « agencements » between families and their homes through time. Our results stress the types of perceptual and practical « (im)possibilities » that emerge between inhabitants, objects and physical spaces. These results feed our activity-centered design model. After presenting the guidelines and general principles of future arrangements of agency, we build collective scenarios of « incidental/intentional interactions » (Dix, 2002) between the future technical network and humans. We define some ways in which the future system must enable both action/appropriation and energy efficiency. Our work argues that it is possible and necessary to design the networks' energy efficiency while enabling humans to enact and appropriate their world.

[pt] Smartphones se tornaram uma parte integrante da vida de muitas pessoas. Podemos usar esses dispositivos para executar uma grande variedade de tarefas, que vão desde dar telefonemas a acessar a Internet. No entanto, às vezes gostaríamos que algumas tarefas fossem executadas automaticamente. Estas tarefas podem ser automatizadas usando aplicativos de automação, os quais monitoram continuamente o contexto do smartphone para realizar um conjunto de ações quando um evento acontece sob certas condições. Estas automações estão começando a ficar popular entre os usuários finais, uma vez que elas podem tornar os celulares mais fáceis de usar e ainda mais eficientes no uso da bateria. No entanto, pouco foi feito para capacitar os usuários finais a criar tais automações. Propomos uma abordagem para automatizar tarefas de smartphones por demonstração retrospectiva. Sucintamente, consideramos a lógica por trás da abordagem como sendo continue fazendo o que eu acabo de fazer : a aplicação de automação grava continuamente as interações dos usuários com seus telefones, e depois que os usuários realizaram uma tarefa que eles gostariam de automatizar, basta eles pedirem à aplicação para criar uma regra de automação com base em suas últimas ações gravadas. Como os usuários só têm que usar seus smartphones, como eles naturalmente fariam, para demonstrar automações, acreditamos que a nossa abordagem pode reduzir a dificuldade na criação de automações de smartphones. Para avaliar a nossa abordagem, desenvolvemos protótipos de um aplicativo chamado Keep Doing It, que permite automatizar tarefas por demonstração. Realizamos um estudo em laboratório com o primeiro protótipo para coletar as primeiras impressões dos participantes. Os participantes tiveram que criar regras de automação usando o nosso aplicativo com base em cenários pré-determinados. Baseado no feedback dos participantes e na nossa observação, nós refinamos o protótipo e realizamos um estudo remoto de cinco dias com novos participantes, os quais desta vez podiam criar quais e quantas regras quisessem. No geral, os resultados de ambos os estudos sugerem que, embora houvesse algumas ocasionais imprecisões (especialmente ao demonstrar regras que contêm condições), os participantes gostariam de automatizar tarefas de smartphones por demonstração devido à facilidade de uso. Concluiu-se que esta abordagem tem muito potencial para ajudar os usuários finais a automatizar seus smartphones, mas ainda há questões que precisam ser abordadas em pesquisas futuras. / [en] Smartphones have become an integral part of many people s lives. We can use these powerful devices to perform a great variety of tasks, ranging from making phone calls to connecting to the Internet. However, sometimes we would like some tasks to be performed automatically. These tasks can be automated by using automation applications, which continuously monitor the smartphone s context to execute a sequence of actions when an event happens under certain conditions. These automations are starting to get popular with end users, since they can make their phones easier to use and even more battery efficient. However, little work has been done on empowering end users to create such automations. We propose an approach for automating smartphone tasks by retrospective demonstration. Succinctly, we consider the logic behind the approach as keep doing what I just did: the automation application continuously records the users interactions with their phones, and after users perform a task that they would like to automate, they can ask the application to create an automation rule based on their latest recorded actions. Since users only have to use their smartphones, as they would naturally do, to demonstrate the actions, we believe that our approach can lower the barrier for creating smartphone automations. To evaluate our approach, we developed prototypes of an application called Keep Doing It, which supports automating tasks by demonstration. We conducted a lab user study with the first prototype to gather participants first impressions. The participants created automation rules using our application based on given scenarios. Based on their feedback and on our observations, we refined the prototype and conducted a five-day remote user study with new participants, who could then create which and how many rules they wanted. Overall, the findings of both studies suggest that, although there were some occasional inaccuracies (especially when demonstrating rules that contain conditions), participants would be willing to automate smartphone tasks by demonstration due to its ease of use. We concluded that this approach has much potential to aid end users to automate their smartphones, but there are still issues that need to be addressed by further research.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’intelligence ambiante et de l’interaction homme-machine. Elle a pour thème la génération d’interfaces homme-machine adaptées au contexte d’interaction dans les environnements ambiants. Les travaux de recherche présentés traitent des problèmes rencontrés lors de la conception d’IHM dans l'ambiant et notamment de la réutilisation de techniques d’interaction multimodales et multi-périphériques. Ce travail se divise en trois phases. La première est une étude des problématiques de l’IHM spécifiques à l’Ambiant et des architectures logicielles adaptées à ce cadre théorique. Cette étude permet d’établir les limites des approches actuelles et de proposer, dans la seconde phase, une nouvelle approche pour la conception d’IHM ambiante appelée DAME. Cette approche repose sur l’association automatique de composants logiciels qui construisent dynamiquement une IHM. Nous proposons deux modèles complémentaires qui permettent de décrire les caractéristiques ergonomiques et architecturales des composants. La conception de ces derniers est guidée par une architecture logicielle composée de plusieurs couches qui permet d’identifier les différents niveaux d’abstraction réutilisables d’un langage d’interaction. Un troisième modèle, appelé modèle comportemental, permet de spécifier des recommandations quant à l’instanciation de ces composants. Nous proposons un algorithme permettant de générer des IHM adaptées au contexte et d’évaluer la qualité de celles-ci par rapport aux recommandations du modèle comportemental. Dans la troisième phase, nous avons implémenté une plateforme réalisant la vision soutenue par DAME. Cette implémentation est confrontée aux utilisateurs finaux dans une expérience de validation qualitative. De ces travaux ressortent des résultats encourageants, ouvrant la discussion sur de nouvelles perspectives de recherche dans le cadre de l’IHM en informatique ambiante. / This thesis deals with ambient intelligence and the design of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It studies the automatic generation of user interfaces that are adapted to the interaction context in ambient environments. This problem raises design issues that are specific to ambient HCI, particularly in the reuse of multimodal and multidevice interaction techniques. The present work falls into three parts. The first part is an analysis of state-of-the-art software architectures designed to solve those issues. This analysis outlines the limits of current approaches and enables us to propose, in the second part, a new approach for the design of ambient HCI called DAME. This approach relies on the automatic and dynamic association of software components that build a user interface. We propose and define two complementary models that allow the description of ergonomic and architectural properties of the software components. The design of such components is organized in a layered architecture that identifies reusable levels of abstraction of an interaction language. A third model, called behavioural model, allows the specification of recommendations about the runtime instantiation of components. We propose an algorithm that allows the generation of context-adapted user interfaces and the evaluation of their quality according to the recommendations issued from the behavioural model. In the third part, we detail our implementation of a platform that implements the DAME approach. This implementation is used in a qualitative experiment that involves end-users. Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained and open new perspectives on multi-devices and multimodal HCI in ambient computing.

Este trabalho de pesquisa aprofunda o conhecimento associado aos sistemas de automação modernos baseados em redes de controle LonWorks®, visando torná-los mais facilmente utilizáveis como meios de implementar ambientes pervasivos. Para tanto, foi proposto um modelo de relacionamento dinamicamente reconfigurável entre dispositivos de uma rede de controle, que permite conferir a um sistema de automação distribuído algumas características previstas na computação pervasiva. É proposta uma extensão do modelo de objetos na tecnologia LonWorks®, utilizando conceitos de middleware, de forma a conferir aos módulos da rede a capacidade de auto-gerenciamento dinâmico, de modo a modificar os seus comportamentos à medida que novas situações sejam identificadas. A extensão proposta foi aplicada experimentalmente, visando a sua validação e refinamento, como o sistema de comunicação interno de uma empresa, substituindo os PABXs convencionais, considerado em maiores detalhes. Constatou-se a impossibilidade de sua implementação com a tecnologia LonWorks® atual, que utiliza conexões estáticas, necessitando de um operador ou integrador para configurá-las, caso não seja adotada a extensão proposta. Como estudo de caso o projeto de um PABX baseado na tecnologia LonWorks® foi avaliado e discutido, contribuindo para a geração de uma nova metodologia de concepção de sistemas de automação que possam atender algumas propostas previstas na computação pervasiva. É proposto integrar a Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, com as ações e os comportamentos convencionais que as pessoas apresentam. Essa metodologia proposta supera os desafios de projetistas de sistemas de automação de ambientes, em especial os prediais, e obtém integração entre processos de forma que as pessoas não percebam que estão interagindo com um computador, cuja presença deverá cada vez mais se tornar onipresente. Além de facultar interfaces fáceis e naturais, tem-se também a incorporação dos conceitos da computação sensível a contexto nos sistemas de automação. / Pervasive or ubiquitous computing, proposes the integration between the information and communication technology with the actions and common behaviors presented by people. One of the challenges that it imposes to the environmental automation systems developers, specially building automation developers, is that this integration is processed in such a way that people do not realize they are interacting with a computer, thus its presence becomes omnipresent. Besides the need of an easy and natural interface, there is also the need to incorporate the sensitive computing context to the automation systems. The current control networks utilized in automation systems, building, home and industrial control do not show resources that support the requirements of pervasive computing. This research intend to improve the knowledge associated to modern automation systems, based on LonWorks® control networks, viewing to make them more easily usable as ways to implement pervasive environments. For that, a dynamically settable relationship model was proposed between the intelligent devices of a control network, which allows providing some foreseen characteristics on pervasive computing in a distributed automation system. A LonWorks® technology object model extension is proposed, using middleware concepts, in a dynamic way, to modify behaviors when new situations are identified. The proposed extension was experimentally applied to a few use cases, aiming at its validation and refinement, such as the internal communication of a company, which replaces the usual PABX, which was considered in greater detail. The impossibility of its implementation was found with the current technology, without the use of the proposed extension. Those cases were evaluated and discussed, contributing to a new automation system concept technology that can support provided proposals on pervasive computing.

O sistema de TV digital interativa está em fase de implantação no Brasil. O middleware Ginga, responsável por permitir a apresentação de programas interativos, prevê que usuários possam interagir com aplicações apresentadas na TV ao pressionar de teclas em um controle remoto. Considerando que controles remotos tradicionais apresentam limitações de usabilidade, este trabalho teve o objetivo investigar a aplicação de conceitos de computação ubíqua, em particular interfaces naturais e multimodais, como alternativas para prover interatividade entre usuários e programas de TV digital. Como resultado, um dispositivo móvel alternativo ao controle remoto tradicional foi utilizado no projeto de novos mecanismos de interação que incluem interfaces baseadas em telas sensíveis ao toque, interfaces sensíveis a gestos capturados por dispositivos que contêm acelerômetros, e interfaces que contêm microfones que permitem entrada de dados por voz. A construção de protótipos correspondentes foi beneficiada pela (assim como beneficiou) implementação prévia de um componente que oferece funcionalidades para envio de dados multimodais para um receptor de TV digital contendo o middleware Ginga, e de um componente que, instalado no receptor, permite a comunicação peer-to-peer entre dispositivos sem fio / The tradicional Brazilian TV system is being replaced by an interactive digital platform. The Ginga middleware, responsible for allowing the presentation of interactive programs, is able to support user interactions with TV applications by means of key presses on a remote control. Since traditional remotes have usability limitations, this work aimed at investigating the application of ubiquitous computing concepts, such as natural and multimodal interfaces, to provide alternatives for the interaction among users and TV applications. Considering the availability of mobile devices such as smartphones, prototype interfaces based on touch screens, as well as gesture-based, accelerometer-based, and voice-based interfaces have been designed and implemented to allow the interaction usually provided by remote controls. The implementation of those interfaces was supported by the previous development of components providing multimodal interaction and peer-to-peer communication in the context of the Brazilian interactive digital TV system middleware

Este trabalho trata da relação entre arquitetura e tecnologia digital, a partir da constatação de que a capacidade de processamento digital de informações está se espalhando não apenas pela adoção e uso de aparatos computacionais pelas pessoas, mas também por meio de sua inserção em objetos e lugares. Neste contexto, fornece bases para o entendimento e o design da arquitetura interativa, um tipo de espaço físico que pressupõe a implementação de interações viabilizadas por processadores de informação digital. Para tal, o trabalho é dividido em três partes: contexto, fundamentos e design. Na primeira, fornece chaves de leitura para o entendimento de instâncias com as quais a arquitetura interativa dialoga, colocando-­a, não como uma consequência do desenvolvimento tecnológico e, sim, parte de um contexto maior, complexo e conectado. Especificamente, aborda a interrelação entre os contextos ideológico, tecnológico e sócioespacial. Na segunda parte, explora a arquitetura interativa enquanto consequência da incorporação da tecnologia no produto arquitetônico, para depois analisar aspectos que conferem coerência a ela enquanto uma forma particular de intervenção e de manifestação. A terceira parte aborda as principais questões motivadoras desta pesquisa, a saber: o design da arquitetura interativa e as contribuições que o design de interação pode fornecer a esse tipo de prática. Por fim, são esboçados parâmetros -­- elementos conceituais passíveis de serem manipulados -­- para guiar o design da arquitetura interativa. Entre outras utilidades, a função desses parâmetros é ampliar o vocabulário e os modos de trabalho da arquitetura como um todo. No geral, a aproximação realizada foi um meio de explorar e entender um pouco mais o mundo tecnológico que vivemos. Assim, a motivação de entender o que é necessário para projetar a arquitetura interativa, ou seja, para incluir a tecnologia em seu produto, pressupõe discussões que alargam o campo da arquitetura. Inclui nele, a possibilidade e necessidade de que arquitetos atuem, além de consumidores dessa tecnologia, como protagonistas ativos em sua conformação. / This work delas with the relation between architecture and technology, from the observation that, the potential of digital information processing is spreading, not only through the adoption and use of computing devices by people, but also, their addition on objects and places. Within this context, this study provides basis for the understanding and design of interactive architecture, a type of physical space that compels the implementation of interactions, enabled by digital information processors. To achieve this, the work is divided into three parts: context, fundamentals and design. At the first part, Reading keys to understand instances with which the interactive architecture dialogues are provided. This type of spaces is understood, not as a consequence of technological development, but as part of a bigger, complex and connected context. Specifically, it adresses the interrelation between the ideological, technological and socio-­-spatial contexts. The second part, explores the topic of interactive architecture, as a result of technology introduction into the architectural product, and then, analyzes some aspects that give coherence to it as a specific form of intervention and expression. The third part, adresses the main issues that motivated this research, namely the design process of interactive architecture and the contributions that interaction design can provide this type of practice. Finally, nine parameters -­- conceptual elements capable of being manipulated -­- are outlined to guide the design of interactive architecture. Among other uses, the function of these parameters is to expand the vocabular and methods of architecture practice as a whole. Overall, the approach adopted is a means to explore and understand more about the technological world we live. The motivation to understand what is required to design the interactive architecture, that is, to include the technology in the final product, presupposes discussions that broaden the architectural field. It includes within it, the possibility and need for architects to act, beyond consumers of this technology, as active protagonists in their conformation.

Depuis de nombreuses années, plusieurs communautés telles que IMS (Intelligent Manufacturing Systems), HMS (Holonic Manufacturing System) ont suggéré l'utilisation de produits intelligents pour rendre les systèmes adaptables et adaptatifs et ont montré les bénéfices pouvant être réalisés, tant au niveau économique, qu'au niveau de la traçabilité des produits, qu'au niveau du partage des informations ou encore de l'optimisation des procédés de fabrication. Cependant, un grand nombre de questions restent ouvertes comme la collecte des informations liées au produit, leur stockage à travers la chaîne logistique, ou encore la dissémination et la gestion de ces informations tout au long de leur cycle de vie. La contribution de cette thèse consiste en la définition d'un cadre de dissémination des informations relatives au produit durant l'ensemble de son cycle de vie. Ce cadre de dissémination est associé à un nouveau paradigme qui change radicalement la manière de voir le produit et la matière. Ce nouveau concept consiste à donner la faculté au produit d'être intrinséquement et intégralement "communicant". Le cadre de dissémination des informations proposé offre la possibilité à l'utilisateur d'embarquer des informations sensibles au contexte d'utilisation du produit communicant. Outre la définition du processus de dissémination des informations, cette thèse offre un aperçu des champs de recherche, tant scientifiques que technologiques, à investiguer à l'avenir concernant le concept de "matière communicante" / Over the last decade, communities involved with intelligent-manufacturing systems (IMS - Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, HMS - Holonic Manufacturing System) have demonstrated that systems that integrate intelligent products can be more efficient, flexible and adaptable. Intelligent products may prove to be beneficial economically, to deal with product traceability and information sharing along the product lifecycle. Nevertheless, there are still some open questions such as the specification of what information should be gathered, stored and distributed and how it should be managed during the lifecycle of the product. The contribution of this thesis is to define a process for disseminating information related to the product over its lifecycle. This process is combined with a new paradigm, which changes drastically the way we view the material. This concept aims to give the ability for the material to be intrinsically and wholly "communicating". The data dissemination process allow users to store context-sensitive information on communicating product. In addition to the data dissemination process, this thesis gives insight into the technological and scientific research fields inherent to the concept of "communicating material", which remain to be explored