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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 21 to 30 of 30 (0.049 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"underground atorage"" "subject:"underground 2storage""
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Podzemní pneumatický akumulátor energie / The underground pneumatic energy storagePochylý, Jiří January 2014 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the underground compressed air enery storage. Thesis can be divided into several parts. The first part focuses on the theoretical analysis which decribes reason of renewable resources implementation to the electric grid and how renewable resources affect electric grid. Second part describes compression and expansion stage. Last part deals with design of storage facility which is suitable for different energy supplies. Extracted coal mines of Rosicko-Oslavany area is used as suitable underground storage.
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Petroleum Releases from Underground Storage Tanks in Northwest Indiana: Successful Remediation Techniques and Implications of Cost EffectivenessLenz, Richard Jason 13 December 2014 (has links)
Prior to the passage of the 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1.6 million bare steel Underground Storage Tanks (UST) were in use in the United States. Many of them were leaking. In Indiana approximately 13,000 UST remain but have been upgraded to meet current industry and regulatory standards. Cleaning up the petroleum releases from leaking UST has continued since it became evident that bare steel underground tanks leaked. In Northwest Indiana glacial moraine and outwash deposits from the Wisconsin Ice Age that retreated 10,000 years ago left 200 feet of glacial till above the underlying bedrock. Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) and Air Sparging (AS) have proven to be effective and provide significant cost savings for remediation in the glacial deposits in Northwest Indiana. Indiana also has the Excess Liability Trust Fund (ELTF) to help pay for and to expedite clean-up of releases from registered UST. Cleaning up petroleum releases requires the appropriate technology for the localized geology, adequate funding, and appropriate guidance from state and federal regulations. This study discusses these issues at three sites in Northwest Indiana to demonstrate how technology, funding, and regulatory compliance must collaborate to work in the field.
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Stakeholdermanagement aus Sicht des Markscheiders – Außenpolitik eines BergbaubetriebesMeyer, Stefan 02 February 2024 (has links)
Am Beispiel des Kavernenfeldes Epe, das mit seinen aktuell 76 Erdgaskavernen einen Anteil von 15% an den gesamtdeutschen Untergrundgasspeichern hat, soll gezeigt werden, wie das Markscheidewesen helfen kann, die „licence to operate“ bestehender Betriebe zu erhalten und den Genehmigungsprozess von Neuprojekten zu unterstützen.
Bergbau ist nahezu immer mit Bodenbewegungen verbunden, der Betrieb von Salzkavernen zur Solegewinnung und Untergrundspeicherung macht hier keine Ausnahme. Naturgemäß ist das Interesse an den Auswirkungen der bereits eingetretenen sowie den noch zu erwartenden Bewegungen groß, sowohl bei Anwohnern wie auch den betroffenen Kommunen. In Epe helfen bei der Beantwortung dieser Fragestellungen die Erfahrungen aus 50 Jahren markscheiderischen Messungen an der Oberfläche (v.a. Nivellement, zunehmend auch GNSS/GPS und Radarinterferometrie) und im Untergrund (Hohlraumvermessungen der Kavernen). Neben den standortspezifischen Gegebenheiten wie Teufe und Salzgeologie ist bei Kavernen die Bedeutung der jeweiligen Nutzung entscheidend für das Senkungsgeschehen.
Dabei liegt die größte Herausforderung in der mittel- bis langfristigen Antizipation des zukünftigen Kavernenbetriebs, da die Liberalisierung des Energiemarktes Mitte der 2000er Jahre zu einer sich mehr an betriebswirtschaftlichen Vorgaben orientierenden Fahrweise der Gasspeicher führte. Seitdem variiert die jährliche Konvergenz (Hohlraumverlust) der Gaskavernen stark, mit in der Folge ebenso veränderlichen Senkungsbeträgen an der Oberfläche.
Die Annahme wahrscheinlicher Szenarien zum zukünftigen Betriebsgeschehen erlaubt trotz alledem verlässliche Senkungsprognosen, basierend auf dem etablierten analytischen Berechnungsmodell nach Sroka/Schober. Informationen zu verschiedenen Messmethoden (neben den markscheiderischen sind hier z.B. Beobachtungen des Grundwasserspiegels zu nennen), ihrer Ergebnisse und deren Bewertung sowie die Präsentation der Senkungsprognosen erfolgten in Epe bei mehreren Öffentlichkeitsterminen in den vergangenen Jahren.
Essentiell war dabei der Rückgriff auf markscheiderisches Wissen, um die Informationen korrekt und verständlich zu transportieren. Bei mittlerweile fast 1 m Senkung im Kavernenfeld Epe und sich neu anbahnenden Nutzungskonzepten wie Wasserstoff- und Druckluftspeicherung ist eine erfolgreiche Kommunikation elementar, um ein gegenseitiges Vertrauen und Verständnis für unternehmerische Ziele einerseits sowie den Sorgen der Bevölkerung andererseits zu entwickeln. Im Folgenden soll das Senkungs- und Umweltmonitoring im Kavernenfeld Epe im Detail vorgestellt werden, ergänzt um die Erfahrungen in der Vermittlung dieser Ergebnisse.
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An investigation into factors increasing contamination risk posed by fuel storage facilities and concomitant methods to mitigate these risks.Pfotenhauer, Torin. 23 September 2013 (has links)
Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs) are used throughout the world for numerous applications,
the most well-known being automotive fuels, such as petrol and diesel. The widespread production,
distribution, storage and use of LNAPLs results in the ubiquitous occurrence of spillage to ground (Geller
et al, 2000). Considering the hazardous nature of most LNAPLs due to their explosive and toxic
characteristics, releases of LNAPLs to ground have well documented human health and ecological
consequences.
The occurrence of leaking underground and above-ground storage tanks at service stations and consumer
installations is a common cause of contamination; and is described in literature for various countries of
the world (Dietz et. al., 1986; Moschini et al, 2005; Mulroy and Ou, 1997; Harris, 1989; The Institute of
Petroleum, 2002).
Little failure data are however available for the South African context. In addition to this, data
concerning the location and characteristics of sites storing LNAPLs in South Africa is similarly scarce.
The study analysed data from three sources, namely the eThekwini Fire and Emergency Services data,
GIS data and data from a local consultancy, in order to determine whether certain factors increased
contamination risk posed by these facilities. The results indicated that contamination may be a result of
numerous factors, but primarily line and tank failure. The type of installation was also found to have a
significant influence on whether a site would be contaminated or not.
In addition to the above, the results indicated that certain circumstances increase the severity of loss.
The results indicated the need for more investigation to be performed into contamination as a result of
LNAPL loss to ground, and the need for protective measures to be implemented for high risk sites where
the likelihood and severity of a potential loss is high. Focus should then be centred on the probability of
failure of non-ferrous pipework and GRP tanks to ensure adequate protective mechanisms are in place in
the event of a failure of this newer infrastructure.
In addition, a review of regulatory control of LNAPL storage in South Africa and the eThekwini
Municipality, with reference to the international context, indicated the need for a specific department
within the local government structure that manages LNAPLs with the objective of reducing
contamination incidents.
The continued use of underground storage of LNAPLs will always present a risk of failure/contamination
due to the unseen nature of the installations and related infrastructure. It is this risk that requires
regulatory management. Details of contaminated sites in South Africa should be within the public
domain. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
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Etanchéité de l’interface argilite-bentonite re-saturée et soumise à une pression de gaz, dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs / Sealing efficiency of an argillite-bentonite plug subjected to gas pressure, in the context of deep underground nuclear waste storageLiu, JiangFeng 27 June 2013 (has links)
En France, le système de stockage profond de déchets radioactifs envisagé est constitué d’une barrière naturelle (roche hôte argileuse, argilite) et de barrières artificielles, comprenant des bouchons d’argile gonflante (bentonite)-sable pour son scellement. L'objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’efficacité du gonflement et du scellement des bouchons placés dans l’argilite, sous l’effet, à la fois, d’une pression d’eau et d’une pression de gaz (tel que formé dans le tunnel). Pour évaluer la capacité de scellement du bouchon bentonite/sable partiellement saturé en eau, on a évalué sa perméabilité au gaz Kgaz sous pression de confinement variable (jusqu’à 12MPa). L'étanchéité au gaz (Kgaz < 10-20m2) est obtenue sous confinement Pc≥9MPa si la saturation est d’au moins 86-91%. Par ailleurs, nous avons évalué le gonflement et l'étanchéité du bouchon de bentonite-sable imbibé d’eau dans un tube d’argilite ou de Plexiglas-aluminium lisse ou rugueux. La présence de gaz diminue la pression effective de gonflement (et la pression de percée de gaz) à partir d’une pression Pgaz= 4 MPa. Après saturation complète en eau, l’écoulement continu de gaz au travers du bouchon seul se fait à Pgaz=7-8MPa s’il dispose d’une interface lisse avec un autre matériau (tube métallique), alors que celui au travers de l’ensemble bouchon/argilite a lieu à Pgaz=7-7,5MPa. Le passage à travers le bouchon gonflé au contact d’une interface rugueuse se fait à une pression de gaz bien supérieure à la pression de gonflement du bouchon. Les essais de percée de gaz montrent que l'interface et l'argilite sont deux voies possibles de migration de gaz lorsque l’ensemble bouchon/roche hôte est complètement saturé / In France, the deep underground nuclear waste repository consists of a natural barrier (in an argillaceous rock named argillite), associated to artificial barriers, including plugs of swelling clay (bentonite)-sand for tunnel sealing purposes. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug in contact with argillite, in presence of both water and gas pressures. To assess the sealing ability of partially water-saturated bentonite/sand plugs, their gas permeability is measured under varying confining pressure (up to 12MPa). It is observed that tightness to gas is achieved under confinement greater than 9MPafor saturation levels of at least 86-91%. We than assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug placed in a tube of argillite or of Plexiglas-aluminium (with a smooth or a rough interface). The presence of pressurized gas affects the effective swelling pressure at values Pgas from 4MPa. Continuous gas breakthrough of fully water-saturated bentonite-sand plugs is obtained for gas pressures on the order of full swelling pressure (7-8MPa), whenever the plug is applied along a smooth interface. Whenever a rough interface is used in contact with the bentonite-sand plug, a gas pressure significantly greater than its swelling pressure is needed for gas to pass continuously. Gas breakthrough tests show that the interface between plug/argillite or the argillite itself are two preferential pathways for gas migration, when the assembly is fully saturated
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Biodegradation of Certain Petroleum Product Contaminants in Soil and Water By Selected BacteriaNevárez-Moorillón, Guadalupe Virginia 12 1900 (has links)
Soil contamination by gasoline underground storage tanks is a critical environmental problem. The results herein show that in situ bioremediation using indigenous soil microorganisms is the method of choice. Five sites were selected for bioremediation based on the levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene and the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. Bacteria capable of degrading these contaminants were selected from the contaminated sites and grown in 1,200 I mass cultures. These were added to the soil together with nutrients, water and air via PVC pipes.
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Le droit public des utilisations du sous-sol : réflexions sur le régime juridique des stockages géologiques de déchets / Public law on subsoil uses : research on legal framework for underground storageSchellenberger, Thomas 17 January 2014 (has links)
Des déchets industriels de toutes natures sont enfouis en sous-sol pour un temps indéterminé. Ce déplacement spatial et temporel des déchets confronte les règles de droits à deux univers particuliers, et plus ou moins lointains, le sous-sol et le long terme. Les cadres juridiques des stockages géologiques vont accompagner la technique de stockage souterrain dans son rôle d'exécutoire pour les activités industrielles menées aujourd'hui en surface. Le stockage géologique déplace la charge environnementale des déchets. D'une part, le sous-sol possède un cadre juridique propice à son exploitation industrielle et donc à son utilisation comme lieu de stockage de déchets. Cela est susceptible de heurter les différents usages du sous-sol. Des arbitrages entre les intérêts en conflits doivent être réalisés, au plan technique mais aussi démocratique, s'agissant des modes d'élaboration des décisions publiques relatives à l'espace géologique. Les droits d'exploiter les ressources souterraines peuvent, en outre, entraver les mesures de protection environnementale. D'autre part, le stockage géologique oblige les règles de droit à se projeter dans le temps. Les outils juridiques pour appréhender le futur sont mis à l'épreuve. La difficulté est de partager le fardeau des déchets au cours du temps, entre la sphère publique et la sphère privée. De la même façon, l'enfouissement de déchets dangereux à des échelles transgénérationnelles interroge le contenu et la portée de la responsabilité juridique envers les générations futures. / Industrial waste of all kinds are burried in the underground for an indefinite period of time. With this displacement, both in space and time, the rules of law face the challenge of two specific, and more or less distant, worlds: the subsoil and the long term. Legal frameworks for underground storage strengthen the technique of underground storage in its role as an outlet for industrial activities which are carried out on the surface. Underground storage shifts the environmental load of waste. On the one hand, the legal frameworks for subsoil use is favourable to industrial exploitation and therefore to the use of the underground as a storage place for waste. When it comes to the decision-making process for public action in relation with the subsoil, arbitration must be made between the competing interests at stake, both in democratic and technical terms. Besides, the rights to exploit the underground ressources can hamper environmental protection measures. On the other hand, underground storage compels the rules of law to look to the future. The legal tools to anticipate the years ahead are placed under severe strain. The challenge lies in how to share the burden of waste over time between the public and the private spheres. In the same way, the landfill burial of hazardous waste on a transgenerational scale questions the content and scope of legal responsability towards future generations.
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Etude de la fissuration assistée par l'environnement des aciers peu alliés en situation de stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs / Study of environmental assisted cracking of carbon steels in radioactive wastes disposal conditionsBulidon, Nicolas 15 July 2019 (has links)
Le travail mené dans le cadre de cette thèse porte sur l’évaluation de la sensibilité à la fissuration assistée par l’environnement (FAE) d’aciers mis en œuvre pour le stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs selon un concept multi-barrières. On s’intéresse ici aux aciers faiblement alliés du conteneur et du chemisage qui seront placés dans des micro-tunnels creusés dans la roche à 500 mètres de profondeur. Le concept actuel prévoit un matériau de remplissage cimentaire entre l’argile et le chemisage afin de neutraliser l’acidité potentielle issue de la re-saturation en eau de la roche après le forage. Malgré la présence d’un milieu peu agressif (pH proche de la neutralité, faible teneur en carbonate), le choix des aciers a été dicté par leur sensibilité à la corrosion et à la FAE, qui est caractérisée dans ce travail. Les microstructures ferrito-perlitiques en bande ont ainsi été éliminées au profit de structures plus homogènes et deux aciers de référence ont été définis : l’API 5L X65 (ferrite-bainite) pour le chemisage et le P285NH (ferrite-perlite) pour le conteneur. Ces études ont également montré la formation de couches de produits de corrosion principalement composées de sidérite et de magnétite conférant une pseudo-passivité. Le caractère protecteur de ces couches vis-à-vis de la fissuration a été étudié et validé, sur la base d’une élaboration de couches représentatives par voie électrochimique. Enfin, les aciers de référence ont été caractérisés du point de vue de leur sensibilité à la corrosion et à la FAE en milieu cimentaire. Ils n’ont alors pas montré de sensibilité particulière du point de vue de la fissuration dans ces conditions, où la corrosion sous dépôt semble être la forme la plus présente en milieu aéré. Néanmoins, l’influence de la présence de faibles teneurs en oxygène dans le concept de stockage doit encore être explorée. / The aim of the work is to assess the susceptibility to environmental assisted cracking (EAC) of steels used for the deep geological storage of radioactive waste. The storage concept is based on the encapsulation of the waste in a carbon steel containers then placed in micro-tunnels drilled 500 meter deep in Clay. These micro-tunnels are built with a micro-alloyed casing steel. Recently, the storage concept has evolved with the injection of a cementitious bentonite grout between the clay and the casing to balance the potential acidity resulting from the excavation of the micro-tunnels and the gradual saturation of rock with water. Effect of this grout on the risk of corrosion and EAC is also evaluated in the PhD work. In the mild disposal environment considered (pH close to neutrality, low carbonate content), formation of a corrosion product scale composed of siderite and magnetite has been identified. This scale leads to a pseudo-passive state of both steel grades with thus a possible risk of EAC. The risk of EAC was thus first studied and a material selection for the disposal concept was thus first made accordingly. The protective nature of the siderite/magnetite corrosion scale was then studied and reproduced in laboratory using electrochemical techniques. This work allowed for the evaluation of the resistance of each selected steel with respect to general corrosion and EAC. The results did not underlined significant cracking susceptibility of the considered steel grades. Under deposit corrosion seems to be the main form of attack in aerated waste disposal environments but the influence of the presence of low oxygen levels has to be further explored.
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Analýza možností akumulační tepelné elektrárny v podmínkách ČR / Use storage thermal power in Czech republicBednář, František January 2014 (has links)
This diploma’s thesis analyzes the possibility of accumulation of thermal power plants in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part describes the different types of storage power plants, the historical development of power storage for compressed air and the appropriateness of their location. The second part is devoted to the design of storage power plant for compressed air in South Moravia. In the next chapter, a calculation is made of all equipment storage power plant, including turbo-compressor, combustion chamber, combustion turbines, the volume of storage tanks and two heat exchangers. The last part is the economic analysis of the return on investment of such a project.
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Hydrogen Production and Storage Optimization based on Technical and Financial Conditions : A study of hydrogen strategies focusing on demand and integration of wind power. / Optimering av vätgasproduktion och lagring utifrån tekniska och ekonomiska förutsättningar : En studie av vätgasstrategier med fokus på efterfrågan och integration av vindkraft.Langels, Hanna, Syrjä, Oskar January 2021 (has links)
There has recently been an increased interest in hydrogen, both as a solution for seasonal energy storage but also for implementations in various industries and as fuel for vehicles. The transition to a society less dependent on fossil fuels highlights the need for new solutions where hydrogen is predicted to play a key role. This project aims to investigate technical and economic outcomes of different strategies for production and storage of hydrogen based on hydrogen demand and source of electricity. This is done by simulating the operation of different systems over a year, mapping the storage level, the source of electricity, and calculating the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). The study examines two main cases. The first case is a system integrated with offshore wind power for production of hydrogen to fuel the operations in the industrial port Gävle Hamn. The second case examines a system for independent refueling stations where two locations with different electricity prices and traffic flows are analyzed. Factors such as demand, electricity prices, and component costs are investigated through simulating cases as well as a sensitivity analysis. Future potential sources of income are also analyzed and discussed. The results show that using an alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) achieves the lowest LCOH while PEM electrolyzer is more flexible in its operation which enables the system to utilize more electricity from the offshore wind power. When the cost of wind electricity exceeds the average electricity price on the grid, a higher share of wind electricity relative to electricity from the grid being utilized in the production results in a higher LCOH. The optimal design of the storage depends on the demand, where using vessels above ground is the most beneficial option for smaller systems and larger systems benefit financially from using a lined rock cavern (LRC). Hence, the optimal design of a system depends on the demand, electricity source, and ultimately on the purpose of the system. The results show great potential for future implementation of hydrogen systems integrated with wind power. Considering the increased share of wind electricity in the energy system and the expected growth of the hydrogen market, these are results worth acknowledging in future projects.
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