Field observations has shown that wind turbinesare especially exposed to lightning strikes. The probability forlightning strikes to offshore wind turbines has been analysed ina previous article. In this project the probability for upwardself-initiated lightning strikes to onshore wind turbines anda lightning protection tower was analysed. This was done bycollecting elevation data and recreating the site topographyin COMSOL Mutliphysics 5.5, and also by collecting weatherdata which were analysed in MATLAB. The probability for thecritical electrostatic field was then calculated and analysed. Theresult shows that the risk of lightning strike is correlated to thetopography and cloud height. / Fältobservationer har visat att vindkraftverk är särskilt utsatta för blixtar. En tidigare studie har analyserat sannolikheten för blixtar på vindkraftverk belägna ute till havs. I det här projektet analyserades sannolikheten för blixtar på vindkraftverk och en vädermast på land. Detta gjordes genom att samla väder och topografidata från de undersökta områdena, som sedan modellerades i COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. Sannolikheten att ett kritiskt elektriskt fält uppstår beräknades med hjälp av MATLAB. Resultatet visar att risken för blixtar är korrelerat med topografin och molnhöjden. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm

Studien undersöker anställdas röst ur ett organisationskulturellt perspektiv. Anställdas röst avser den kommunikation som sker när en anställd är missnöjd med sin arbetssituation och vill förbättra sin egen och/eller organisationens välbefinnande. Det är på så vis viktigt för en organisations möjlighet till utveckling, vilket i sin tur är en central del för organisationer i dagens konkurrerande samhälle. Organisationskulturen har en stor inverkan på individers beteenden. Ofta undviker anställda att göra sin röst hörd vilket är ett problem som många inte känner till. Mer kompetens och forskning inom ämnet är därför viktigt. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med ÅF:s (Ångpanneföreningens) anställda, Carneys abstraktionsstege och Scheins kulturnivåer, undersöker vi hur en organisationskultur kan påverka anställdas röst. Studien utgår från tre frågeställningar där vi genom de två första urskiljer ÅF:s kulturnivåer och genom den sista svarar på hur ÅF:s organisationskultur främjar respektive hämmar anställdas röst. Resultatet visar att kulturnivåerna och deras interrelation indirekt och direkt påverkar anställdas röst. Om de är främjande och/eller hämmande beror på kulturens underliggande element. Kulturelement med positiv koppling till välvilja, prosocialt beteende och utveckling har visat sig vara viktiga främjande faktorer för anställdas röst. Kulturen visar sig även vara en viktig faktor i vad som anses vara tillräckligt relevant information för att göra sin röst hörd. / The study examines employee voice from an organisational cultural perspective. Employee voice refers to the communication that occurs when an employee is dissatisfied with its work situation and wants to improve its own and/or the organisation's wellbeing. Employee voice is important for an organisation's potential for development, which in turn is central for organisations of today's competitive society. The organisational culture has a major impact on individuals' behaviour. Employees often avoid voice, which is a problem that many do not know. More expertise and research in the area is therefore important. Through qualitative interviews with ÅF’s (Ångpanneföreningen) employees, Carney’s abstraction ladder and Schein’s levels of culture, we investigate how an organisational culture influences employee voice. The study is based on three questions, where we through the first two discern ÅF’s cultural levels. The third question answers how ÅF’s organisational culture is promoting and/or inhibiting employee voice. The result shows that the cultural levels and their inter-relationship have indirect and direct effects on employee voice. The effect depends on the culture’s underlying elements. Cultural elements that positively links to kindliness, prosocial behaviour and development, have proven to promote employee voice. The culture also appears to have an effect on what information is considered relevant enough for employee voice.

This mixed methods study investigated the influence of a career development program attended by low income, first generation, college bound students. Phase I took place in 2006 and 2007 when the students participated in the Upward Bound summer Bridge program. During Phase II in 2009, follow up interviews were conducted. Phase III was completed in 2014 and also included follow-up interviews. Career Identity (CI) scores from My Vocational Situation and Holland codes from the Self Directed Search were obtained during each phase. Changes in measured career identity scores and codes were interpreted by taking into account the students’ experiences. Interviews examined common themes demonstrating the career development of the participants.

While traditionally underrepresented groups are attaining degrees at a higher rate than ever before, these students still receive bachelor’s degrees at significantly lower rates than other groups of students (Avery & Kane, 2004; Wilds, 2000). As a result of the educational attainment gap in the United States, precollege outreach programs have been established to provide resources for underrepresented youth to aid them in completing a post-secondary degree. Current research focuses on these participants’ college enrollment and, as a result, minimal information is available to describe these programs and their outcomes concerning students’ first year experience and college success (Hooker & Brand, 2009; Orr et al., 2007; Swail & Perna, 2002; Yeung, 2010). Framed around resiliency theory, this phenomenological study exams college access program alumni’s acclimation process into a four-year, post-secondary institution. Through the data analysis, four essentials features emerged: 1) Program Connections as External Factors, 2) Connections as External Factors in the College Setting, 3) Determination, Self-Advocacy and Willingness to Try New Things as Internal Protective Factors, and 4) Nurturing College Knowledge. Recommendations are shared to further the program in being a degree attainment intervention, in addition to a college access strategy. These include: providing development to educators in behavior management and inclusion, integrating parent involvement throughout the curriculum, providing continual support to alumni and establishing stronger partnerships with surrounding colleges. As a result of this study, leaders in secondary and post-secondary education as well as policymakers are able to gain insight on how Upward Bound services in Louisiana can nurture external and internal protective factors of resiliency that assist participants in embracing constructive responses to stressors in the first year of college.

The research reported in this thesis examines some aspects of upward influence behaviours at work, and in particular, the relationship between type of influence behaviours used and a number of potential correlates, including sex of agent, sex of target, sex-role identity, locus of control, job level, job type (secretarial worker or not) and educational level of agent. To examine these relationships. 64 male and 173 female white-collar workers (at AS01 to AS06 levels, or equivalent) in three large organisations in Canberra (A.C.T.) were surveyed, with a questionnaire containing measures of influence behaviours, attitudes to influencing upwards at work, a measure of sex-role identity, and a measure of locus of control beliefs, as well as demographic information. The data gathered from this survey was analysed using univariate, bivariate. and multivariate methods. Results showed limited support for stereotypical differences between males and females in influence behaviours used, and no support for hypotheses involving sex of target, sex-role identity, or secretarial workers. Influence behaviours previously identified as having positive outcomes for the agent were found in this study to be significantly associated with job level and educational level; influence behaviours previously identified as having negative outcomes for the agent were significantly associated with the tendency to explain outcomes in terms of control by powerful others, and with a sex-role identity characterised by negative masculinity traits. These findings suggest the importance of both structural and personal factors in choice of upward influence strategies at work. Suggestions for further research are provided.

為因應市場變動性及解決租約僵固性，不動產租賃契約中多存在變動條款，以提供承出租雙方彈性管理使用。租金調整係不動產租賃契約中常見的選擇權條款，惟在契約自由原則下，不論歐、美國家租金僅向上調整方式，或國內以一固定比例向上調整租金方式，均造成租金下固性之情形，明顯獨厚出租人，導致承租人過度負擔市場變動風險，進而產生租約價值偏離理論價值之缺失。由於傳統評定租約價值之現金流量法無法評價租約中選擇權價值，近年來國外學者廣泛應用各種選擇權評價方法，期能求得理論上之租約價值，同時改善承出租雙方間權益不公之現象。 　　本研究基於租金僅向上調整隱含選擇權價值之觀點，應用二項式選擇權評價方法，建構不動產租賃契約評價模式。經由個案模擬，探討不同租金調整方式下租約價值之差異；同時運用敏感度分析，瞭解各變數變動對於選擇權價值將產生何種影響。最後藉由分析結果，對於承出租雙方在租金調整決策上提出建議。 / To manage more flexible and reduce transaction costs for both landlords and tenants, most clauses of real estate lease implicit option value. Rent review is a common option-like term. Leases with upward-only rent review clauses not only existed in USA and UK, but also in Taiwan. The rent will be merely adjusted upwards. Because of traditional discounted cash flow method can not deal with the option nature in leases, many scholars applied option pricing approaches to evaluate lease contract value in recent years. 　　This research assumes that upward-only rent review clause is embedded option value and uses binomial option pricing approach to develop the lease pricing model for real estate. Firstly, the author compares different rent review types and their value by case study. Moreover, this study uses sensitive analysis to probe how important variable affect option value. Finally, I provide suggestions to landlords and tenants in rent review policy decision.

¡mAbstract¡n This research examines six presses of Kaohsiung journalists', China Times, Liberty Times, United Daily News, Taiwan Times, Taiwan Shin Wen Daily News, and Public Daily News, the intra-organization media usage for Media Richness and Social Influence Model. It tests four media which are face to face, telephone, e-mail, and written document, and tests which one is suitable for Kaohsiung journalists use in formal communication and informal communication. The result is that the most journalist use face to face as their intra-organization media. Not only testing media usage, this research is also examining the prediction of media usage by Media Richness and Social Influence Model. The result is except downward communication media usage which lacks sufficient samples, the other communication flows' media usage prediction are Media Richness explanation of predicting media usage is better than Social Influence Model. For each press, face to face is the main choice for six presses' journalists in upward communication, horizontal communication and downward communication flow. However, United Daily News' journalists use written document as the main media in informal communication, but the other presses' still use face to face The finding in formal and upward communication, the prediction of media usage by Media Richness and Social Influence Model in Liberty Times doesn¡¦t have significant level. Meanwhile, Liberty Times and Taiwan Shin Wen News' prediction of media usage in horizontal communication don¡¦t have significant level. At last, there are only Liberty Times and Public Daily News's media usage prediction have significant level in informal communication. Keywords:intra-organization, media usage, face to face, telephone, e-mail, written document, formal communication, informal communication, upward communication, horizontal communication, downward communication, Media Richness, Social Influence Model.

This basic qualitative study examines the parental investment strategies of first-generation African American rural college graduates in cultivating college student success. Extant literature has demonstrated that the role of the family is necessary to support the college student and that the investment of the parent is paramount to student college completion. Although educational attainment is an important goal for African American rural residents, research detailing strategies that cultivated student college completion among this population is needed to fill the gaps in the literature. The objectives were to discuss communication, involvement, and factors of influence to determine how these parents transferred their educational beliefs to their children and supported them through college graduation. These stories of success were told through the eyes of first-generation parents and their second-generation adult offspring. Research detailing the parental investment strategies toward college completion is necessary to inform parents, educational institutions, and rural college student completion in postsecondary institutions of the strategies necessary to ensure college success in this population. Lieberman’s transgenerational theory, along with concepts extracted from parental investment as it relates to education, provided the conceptual lens for the study. Data collected through interviews and documents were analyzed utilizing content analysis. Ten semistructured interviews were conducted with parents and their adult offspring. Interviews gleaned the lived experiences of the participants. Data analysis revealed six themes: (a) Catch Them Early, (b) Set the Tone, (c) Keep Them Busy, (d) Don’t Let Them “Break Rank,” (e) Encourage Advancement, and (f) Tell the Generations. The findings support the importance of developing a family investment team, how a return on parental investment occurs, making use of rural extracurricular programming, and transferring positive beliefs regarding higher education.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3061.pdf: 1347748 bytes, checksum: 500780e85319f77c6b6e919e1779301c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-25 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This work has the focus to bring reflection about identity and trajectory of some black professionals and businessman from west of the State of Sao Paulo. We search to know how these black people walk their path and lifestyle and meaning and remaining their identity when reach important posts and positions at the work market, that is, when reach a raising social and economic mobility. In this way, first counting on a bibliographic review about the thematics cited above and subsequently with an analytic descriptive moment that will count on exposition and analysis of the data obtained in interviews made with middle class black people from local authority of Sao Carlos and Araraquara. It has also the intention to do a qualitative analysis so we can get more precisely results for reflection in a conclusive way about the construction of the black people s identity and insertion in the Brazilian work market. / Este trabalho tem como foco trazer algumas reflexões sobre a identidade e a trajetória de alguns profissionais liberais e empresários negros do Oeste Paulista. O objetivo é saber como estes negros (as) traçam suas trajetórias e estilos de vida e significam e resignificam as suas identidades ao alcançarem cargos e posições importantes no mercado de trabalho, ou seja, quando adquirem uma mobilidade social e econômica ascendente. Desta forma, o estudo contará primeiramente com uma revisão bibliográfica parcial sobre as temáticas supracitadas e, posteriormente, com uma descrição analítica dos dados obtidos nas entrevistas realizadas com sujeitos da pesquisa dos municípios de São Carlos e Araraquara. Terá também como objetivo específico fazer uma análise qualitativa com o propósito de se obter resultados mais precisos para a reflexão de forma não conclusiva sobre a construção da identidade e a inserção do negro (a) em uma posição não típica, para este grupo, no mercado de trabalho brasileiro.

This qualitative study examined the impact of TRIO-Upward Bound and Math Science programs for 12th-grade African-American male participants. The overall aim studied their self-efficacy in fulfilling graduation requirements and academic achievement in preparation for acceptance into a postsecondary institution. Data collection methods for this study were comprised of interviews, surveys, and student achievement data. Utilizing the qualitative director interviews, the researcher analyzed the data and presented the impact of independent variables on the effectiveness of the Upward Bound TRIO program for African-American 12th-grade males. A comparison of two Upward Bound TRIO programs at a select urban southern institution was conducted in the southern region of Georgia. The results were analyzed and queried as to whether the academic challenges confronting economically disadvantaged potential first generation college students, particularly African-American males, suggest an urgent call to action for an effective intervention strategy.