Tendo por objetivo investigar o processo de invenção de Florianópolis como cidade turística, analiso as relações de poder e a construção discursiva em torno do turismo na cidade, desde a década de 1970. Para as análises, dentre outros/as autores/as, estabeleço um diálogo entre as concepções teóricas e conceitos de Michel Foucault e de James Duncan. Nessa perspectiva, exploro as condições históricas de emergência e transformação das práticas, instituições e estratégias discursivas e analiso narrativas midiáticas, como jornais, revistas e publicidade, além da legislação urbana e turística. Esse conjunto de produções discursivas tramadas às relações de poder compõe a paisagem de Florianópolis e participa da invenção da cidade turística. A paisagem, nesta tese, é compreendida como um discurso, portanto mediada pelas relações de poder. Desse modo, quando vira produto turístico, a paisagem passa a ser analisada considerando escolhas, arranjos políticos e tensões entre os diferentes grupos sociais que disputam o poder pelo uso e significação do espaço. Nesta pesquisa, identifico discursos hegemônicos e contestatórios que moldaram a produção de determinadas paisagens da cidade: o empreendimento-balneário de Jurerê Internacional, como uma expressão do discurso hegemônico, e o balneário do Campeche, como expressão de contestação e resistência. Compreendo que o direcionamento simbólico-material da produção de discursos se deu a partir dos interesses de determinados/as atores/as, modelos e concepções de cidade e por meio de estratégias de legitimação de uma verdade por eles/as próprios/as enunciada, visando o controle do espaço urbano. / With the objective of investigating the process of inventing Florianópolis as a tourist city, I analyze the relations of power and the discursive construction about tourism in the city since the 1970s. For these analyses, I establish a dialog with theoretical concepts of Michel Foucault, James Duncan and other authors. From this perspective, I explore the historic conditions of the emergence and transformation of practices, institutions and discursive strategies and I analyze media narratives found in newspapers, magazines and advertising, as well as urban and tourist legislation. This set of discursive production, interwoven to the power relations, composes the landscape of Florianópolis and participates in the invention of the tourist city. The landscape, in this thesis, is understood as a discourse, and is therefore mediated by power relations. In this way, when it becomes a tourist product, the landscape is analyzed considering political choices and arrangements and tensions between the various social groups that dispute power and the use and signification of space. In this study, I identify hegemonic and questioning discourses that shape the production of certain landscapes of the city: the beach community of the Jurerê Internacional development, as an expression of the hegemonic discourse; and the beach community of Campeche, as an expression of contestation and resistance. I understand that the symbolic material that gives direction to the production of discourses takes place through the interests of certain actors/esses, models and concepts of the city and by means of strategies of legitimation of a truth that they enunciate, in efforts to control the urban space.

Within curatorial practice, graffiti has come to little attention. On the occasion of the street art hype during the 2000s, graffiti appeared only as a minor component. Considering, that graffiti remains an undefined and mostly illegal and uninstitutionalized practice, the fact that it is not a common exhibition topic seems self-evident. However, graffiti is a globally and publicly present form of visual output and communication which upon closer look reveals conceptual depth and complexity. Therefore, this thesis investigates illegal graffiti in urban space and the possibility of curatorial approaches. Using the theoretical framework of Henri Lefebvre’s writings on the city, graffiti in urban space is conceptualized and analyzed. Possible readings and understandings of graffiti are highlighted. On the basis of such, past curatorial practices with and research on graffiti are outlined and discussed. Finally, the thesis aims to establish an understanding of graffiti as an institution of its own. For a productive curatorial approach to graffiti, an awareness of that division is considered crucial.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The ubiquitous urban informality that characterises the cityscape of most sub-Saharan cities, has been impacted by states’ rationalised urban planning interventions to make urban spaces, and the activities of citizens more legible and governable. This study aimed at understanding the effects of urban planning and the regulatory environment on the business operations of the home-based entrepreneurial households and the strategies employed by these households to ensure their livelihood survival. The study used Katanga slum in Kampala, Uganda as a case study. The study approaches urban planning as a dialectical process, and therefore critically discusses the production and use of space (through urban planning) at different spatial scales of the city, slum and household, while highlighting the challenges experienced by the households and how they cope with these challenges. To facilitate the understanding of these issues, the study employed an integrated theoretical framework that comprised of Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, Scott’s concept of state legibility, Jalan & Ravallion’s concept of urban spatial poverty traps, and Clark’s border theory.

This work examines the intervention of Brazilian street artists into the public space of São Paulo metropolis. Pixadores, as they are called, are young people brought up in the poor suburbs of São Paulo. The society perceives them as "vandals" and "delinquents". However, spraying for them is an important part of their life and they do not stop spraying even after starting a family. They risk their lives and often find themselves on the brink of life and death. The aim of this work is to understand the behavior of these sprayers by using the ethnographic method and to answer the question, why is this transgressive practice important to them. Through their writings, they are highlighting their presence and are becoming a direct part of the city. On the one hand, their doing is a syndrome of social problems in the context of Brazilian society. On the other hand, these forms of conscious property damage may be associated with the idea of protest, the affirmation of their position in the margins of society or the respect earned from their peers. Although the residents of the poor suburbs are seen as being excluded from all forms of capital, Brazilian sprayers are, however, important political actors and their doing is reshaping the urban landscape. Prestige and respect which sprayers receive from each...

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M.A. University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities (The African Centre for Migration & Society), 2012 / This research is located in the broader body of literature and activity that have sought to comprehend the xenophobic violence of 2008 in South Africa and the persistence of this phenomenon, especially in poor locales of the main urban areas. The primary objective is to explore the perceptions that South Africans have of the rights of those people designated as outsiders and/or foreigners who live in areas that have experienced xenophobic violence targeting foreigners as well as people of South African minority ethnic groups. This study attempts to unpack the discourse of insider versus outsider rights within South African communities in relation to South Africa’s recent history - the xenophobic violence of 2008. Notably, it examines the challenge brought about by the crushing of space and time as an effect of globalization and how this has contributed to the process of multi-culturalism and multi-ethnicity that local communities are largely unprepared to cope with. This study contributes to the understanding of “otherness” as a key issue to design and implement better policies and practices that are necessary to promote the social and spatial inclusion of international migrants in Africa and the world. The empirics of this study give credence to the view that migrants’ rights operate at the rhetorical level, largely due to the lack of political will to translate them into actual benefits. The study specifically looks at two communities affected by xenophobic violence - Tembisa and Alexandra. Focusing on South Africans, the study draws on information gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews and group discussions carried out from July through October 2011. The findings are examined through thematic content analysis.

[pt] Ao considerarmos a Geografia como uma ciência que contribui para a interpretação da realidade com a finalidade de construir contribuições sobre o entendimento do mundo, percebemos que o cinema torna-se uma importante representação nessa interpretação. A inserção da cidade na relação entre cinema e Geografia, leva-nos a perceber que os fatos narrados não têm a cidade apenas como palco de seu desenvolvimento. Esse desenrolar de situações é construído também pela vida cotidiana na metrópole e pelas relações sociais em ato, ou seja, as práticas sociais. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os conflitos sociais e as tensões que se dão no espaço urbano a partir das representações vistas no filme Crash – No Limite, uma vez que a própria imagem do cinema apresenta essencialmente analogias com a espacialidade. Pretendemos responder: como podemos pensar essas tensões, os conflitos sociais e, sobretudo, as representações do espaço urbano a partir da representação cinematográfica? / [en] By considering Geography a science that contributes to the interpretation of reality in order to build approaches towards the understanding of the world, we notice that cinema becomes an important representation in this interpretation. Inserting the city in the relation between cinema and Geography leads us to perceive that the narrated facts do not have the city just as stage for its development. Such development of situations is also build by the daily life in the metropolis and by the social relations on , that is, the social practices. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the social conflicts and tensions that occur in urban space from the representations watched in the movie Crash , since cinema s own image essentially presents some analogies with spatiality. We intend to answer: how can we think this tensions, the social conflicts and, most of all, the representations of urban space from the cinematographic representation.

[pt] Este estudo aborda um tipo de conflito contemporâneo muito comum na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e no Brasil: as moradias informais. O problema será tratado a partir do conflito em torno das moradias informais no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, objeto de estudo da dissertação. O caso envolve um conjunto complexo de atores: o Estado, moradores informais, proprietários e uma grande corporação do setor de comunicação. Com o estudo do problema das moradias informais no Jardim Botânico, observou-se a falta de cuidado do poder público em não permitir que invasões ocorram, depredando assim um bem público como o JBRJ e o Horto Florestal no que tange aos seus talhões e reservas ambientais. Mas o conflito guarda também uma peculiaridade: uma autorização do gestor da instituição para a construção de imóveis de seus funcionários. Como a pesquisa demonstra, o conflito em torno da moradia é construído em torno de duas lógicas distintas: ancestralidade e propriedade. Com o tempo e sem mais nenhum vínculo empregatício junto a instituição em questão, emergiram conflitos acerca da legitimidade para a cessão do direito real de uso do imóvel ou sobre quais benfeitorias poderiam ser indenizáveis, sobre quais os parâmetros desta indenização ou ainda sobre qual seria o local digno para reassentamento desta comunidade. Finalmente, o estudo permitiu compreender os limites do direito para a resolução desse tipo de conflito e a necessidade de um processo de mediação que reconheça a legitimidade das posições presentes no conflito e consiga produzir uma solução inclusiva e efetiva. / [en] This study addresses a type of contemporary conflict that is very common in the city of Rio de Janeiro and in Brazil: informal housing. The problem will be addressed from the conflict surrounding informal housing in the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, the object of study of the dissertation. The case involves a complex set of actors: the State, informal residents, property owners, and a large communication corporation. By studying the problem of informal housing in the Botanical Garden, it was possible to observe the lack of preoccupation by the public authorities in not allowing invasions to occur, thus depredating a public asset such as the Botanical Garden and the Horto Florestal in regards to its plots and environmental reserves. But the conflict also has a peculiarity: an authorization by the institution s manager for the construction of real estate for his employees. As the research shows, the conflict over housing is built around two distinct logics: ancestry and property. With time and without any further employment ties with the institution in question, conflicts have emerged over the legitimacy of the assignment of the right of use of the property, or over which improvements could be compensated, over the parameters of this compensation, or even over what would be a decent place for resettlement for this community. Finally, the study allowed us to understand the limits of the law in resolving this type of conflict and theneed for a mediation process that recognizes the legitimacy of the positions present in the conflict and manages to produce an inclusive and effective solution.

Τaking into consideration how frequent the presence of light is in the most of the communication events and initiatives of human beings, as well as, the continuous need of the society for an evolution and facilitation of communication, without barriers, this thesis aims to study how light can be an impactful medium, suitable to influence and create, a social worldwide engagement οn a daily basis. Βy applying current techniques and methodologies of the field, through the published bibliography and articles, the collection and presentation of the existing projects, original interviews and questionnaires, this research, attempts to present significant reasons and arguments that designate the light as a basic communication tool, suitable to dynamically contribute in transferring messages and information on sociopolitical, environmental and health-related fields. In the end, it is justified that light under a certain context is an attractive medium, suitable for raising awareness, communicating messages for local and global issues and creating social engagement in the urban space. By providing arguments for the importance of the use of light in sociopolitical, environmental and health issues, emphasizing on the dynamic lighting environments that can communicate information through light, this research concludes with an aspiration for more conscious use of this communicative “language” in the urban space. Through the final conclusions, it is evident that the continuation of a constructive dialogue on the subject will help solidify the position of light as a fundamental and meaningful communication medium. For that reason, the discussions and conclusions will give the audience and researchers the incentive to dive deeper into the issue and investigate the many aspects of it in further analysis.

The paper emphasizes the resilience and transformative nature of Vietnam's street vending culture in the face of social change. In Vietnam, street vendors operate within a network of cooperation, interdependence, and communal support, forming a new economic system that exemplifies the emergence of a distinctive culture. The interconnectedness and evolution of street vendors, shop owners, and other entities coexisting in shared urban spaces are explored, drawing inspiration from Donna Haraway's concept of tentacular thinking. Street vendors bridge the gap between rural and urban life while preserving the social cohesion of their communities. Their resilience and adaptability are demonstrated by their capacity to negotiate shifting terrain and adjust to varying conditions. The intricate web of connections between authorities, business owners, and digital pioneers and authorities serves as an example of how dynamic and mutually beneficial their relationships are. This street vending culture, which is firmly rooted in kinship and communal ties, stands for harmony, accessibility, and a tie to ancestors within the context of the urban environment.