Submitted by FELIPE CÓMITRE null (fcomitre@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-01-22T19:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Felipe Comitre - versão final biblioteca - com ficha catalográfica.pdf: 7249049 bytes, checksum: 44f3ebc83e046adc59daacdbb3c8f3d1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-01-23T15:40:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 comitre_f_dr_rcla.pdf: 6576001 bytes, checksum: ba1120d3c389abeac38ab430a2400279 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T15:40:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 comitre_f_dr_rcla.pdf: 6576001 bytes, checksum: ba1120d3c389abeac38ab430a2400279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-13 / A violência urbana vem sendo analisada por diferentes correntes científicas e metodológicas, fator que evidencia o seu caráter multidisciplinar. Os principais estudos se direcionam para a análise das principais causas e consequências da criminalidade nas cidades para, posteriormente, propor-se possíveis soluções para atenuar o problema que se incide no espaço urbano. Muitas vezes, a ciência geográfica se esforça em analisar a distribuição espacial dos crimes nas cidades para gerar informações que tentam revelar se as cidades, os bairros ou as regiões podem ser considerados violentos para, enfim, se estabelecer um indicador de violência. Entretanto, acredita-se que os estudos geográficos podem contribuir com reflexões que transcendem a quantificação relacionada à esfera físico-territorial dos crimes, permitindo a compreensão da relação entre violência e espaço urbano de forma mais ampla, especialmente pela interferência da violência na reprodução do espaço urbano. O intuito da tese consiste em revelar como a violência urbana tem sido utilizada como motivação para a criação de estratégias pelo poder público legitimar e impor novas normas e leis como forma de combatê-la, destacando-se a imposição do novo urbanismo militar, que muitas vezes estimula parcerias entre o poder público e o setor privado. Como se tratam de tentativas de se reduzir a violência nas cidades, as políticas públicas respaldadas pelo novo urbanismo militar são habitualmente aceitas por grande parcela da sociedade. Contudo, será analisado que muitas das leis e normas de combate aos crimes resultam na negação de direitos elementares já conquistados pelos cidadãos. A contenção da violência urbana sob a égide do novo urbanismo militar tende a gerar um processo contraditório, pois possibilita, simultaneamente, o retrocesso de garantias básicas do indivíduo pelo não cumprimento de leis e a ampliação da jurisdição repressivo-penal nas cidades, sendo essas destinadas quase que exclusivamente aos grupos sociais estigmatizados e criminalizados. O processo de retirar e impor direitos, normas e leis, de acordo com as particularidades sociais, econômicas e étnicas, confere a formação e ampliação do estado de exceção, entendido na tese pela perspectiva agambeniana como a exclusão por meio da suspensão de direitos dos cidadãos. A inter-relação entre violência, planejamento urbano e estado de exceção foi analisada de forma empírica por meio do estudo de caso das principais políticas públicas de combate à violência executadas no município de Sorocaba entre os anos de 1997 e 2017. No recorte temporal mencionado, se evidencia o avanço de normas e leis instituídas que convergem com os ideais do novo urbanismo militar e com a ampliação do estado de exceção, destacando-se as ocupações policiais em bairros periféricos, a Lei dos Bares, a implantação de câmeras de monitoramento e a privatização do espaço público. / Urban violence has been analyzed by different scientific and methodological currents, a factor that shows its multidisciplinary character. The main studies are directed to the analysis of the main causes and consequences of crime in the cities and, later, to propose possible solutions to mitigate the problem that affects the urban space. Often, geographic science endeavors to analyze the spatial distribution of crime in cities to generate information that tries to reveal whether cities, neighborhoods or regions can be considered violent, in order to establish an indicator of violence. However, it is believed that geographic studies can contribute with reflections that transcend the quantification related to the physical-territorial sphere of the crimes, allowing an understanding of the relationship between violence and urban space in a broader way, especially by the interference of violence in space reproduction urban. The purpose of the thesis is to reveal how urban violence has been used as a motivation for the creation of strategies by the public power to legitimize and impose new norms and laws as a way to combat it, highlighting the imposition of new military urbanism, which many times encourages partnerships between public authorities and the private sector. As these are attempts to reduce violence in cities, public policies backed by new military urbanism are usually accepted by a large part of society. However, it will be analyzed with many laws and standards to combat crimes resulting from the denial of human rights, have already been conquered by citizens. The containment of urban violence under the aegis of the new military urbanism tends to generate a contradictory process, as it simultaneously facilitates the retreat of the basic guarantees of the individual for non-compliance with laws and the extension of the penal repressive jurisdiction in the cities that are almost destinated exclusively to stigmatized and criminalized social groups. The process of withdrawing and imposing rights, norms and laws, according to the social, economic and ethnic particularities, confers the formation and expansion of the state of exception, understood in the thesis by the agambenian perspective as the exclusion by means of the suspension of rights of the citizens. The interrelation between violence, urban planning and state of exception was analyzed empirically through a case study of the main public policies to combat violence carried out in the city of Sorocaba between 1997 and 2017. In the mentioned time-cut, there is evidence of the advance of norms and laws instituted that converge with the ideals of the new military urbanism and with the expansion of the state of exception, with special emphasis on police occupations in peripheral neighborhoods, the Law of Bars, the implantation of monitoring cameras and the privatization of public space.

In the last two-three decades, the global society have gone through major structural transformations that have affected the local city in different ways. Advanced technology, improved modes of transportation and a global economy have all contributed to an increasing mobility of people, companies and capital. Consequently, the entrepreneurial view of urban growth has led to an inter-urban competition and placemakeing as instrument in the endeavor to attract people to the city.  During the last years, the public places in the city center of Umeå have changed its structure. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether there is a substantial difference of opinion between Umeå municipality´s representation of problems in the public space and the public opinion of the rebuilding of Rådhustorget and its function as a public space. Due to the aim, the study consists of two research subjects. One is a critical analysis of a policy document with Carol Bacchi´s “What´s the problem represented to be” – method as a tool. The second research subject is a questionnaire with the goal to investigate the opinion of the rebuilding of Rådhustorget according to 175 respondents. The result shows that there is a substantial difference of opinion between the municipality´s view of the public space of Rådhustorget and the received result from the questionnaire. Most evident is the disagreements whether the former Rådhustorget could be seen as a problematic public place or not.

abstract: This dissertation investigates socio-economic strategies adopted by a small craftworking community situated on the edge of one of the earliest, largest and most complex cities in Mesoamerica. The focus of investigation is San Jose 520, a hamlet located on the southeastern margin of Teotihuacan and occupied primarily during the Tlamimilolpa and Xolalpan phases (ca. A.D. 200-500). Its inhabitants were potters of low socio-economic status living in small, architecturally simple residential structures. The investigation complements much more numerous studies of higher-status groups residing in Teotihuacan's famous apartment compounds, much larger and architecturally more formal structures clustered primarily within built-up parts of the city. The founding residents of San Jose 520 might have initially been immigrants, arriving at Teotihuacan after most of the city was already filled in and occupied, and therefore settling in a spatially marginal area with limited potential for farming. Archaeological field and lab investigations demonstrate that they adopted ceramic production as a strategy of economic survival in a competitive urban system. They specialized in the manufacture of the outcurving bowl--a vessel widely used at Teotihuacan for food service and certain ritual activities. At smaller scales of production, these potters also made other types of serving and ritual vessels and figurines. Evidence relating to mortuary and domestic rituals indicates participation in a number of the rituals typical of other sectors of Teotihuacan society, but not all. The most general goal of this investigation is to improve understanding of how socially and spatially marginal peoples possessing low economic status developed and exploited viable economic niches in pre-industrial urban systems. The San Jose 520 potters appear dynamic in their economic adjustment--in part by enhancing their production system over time through the adoption of various specialized pot-making tools (some as yet undocumented for Teotihuacan), and to some extent by modifying their product line, they survived for many generations. Nevertheless, they never succeeded in significantly raising their economic status; at the time of their apparent disappearance sometime in the Xolalpan phase, these potters and their households continued to constitute a case study of urban poverty in a massive pre-industrial city. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Anthropology 2011

A cidade de Santa Maria, em razão de sua localização no centro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e da grande acessibilidade às demais regiões, tornou‐se um polo regional de grande significação para a economia do Estado. Em consequência disso, ocorreu um elevado crescimento urbano, que se acelerou ainda mais a partir da construção do entroncamento ferroviário, que tornou a cidade o maior centro ferroviário do Rio Grande do Sul. A população da região cresceu de 5.110 habitantes, em 1858, para 30.185, em 1900. O núcleo urbano, nesse período, passou de 2.905 para 13.628 habitantes. Além do mais, em razão dessa função, a cidade apresentava uma intensa circulação de pessoas e mercadorias, num local sem nenhuma infraestrutura e equipamentos para suportar esse crescimento. Os problemas já existentes agravaram‐se, com destaque aos de saneamento. A exigência de um projeto para a solução desses problemas era evidente. Para tal tarefa foi chamado o Engenheiro Saturnino de Brito, que, em 1918, apresentou um plano, envolvendo estudos de saneamento, sistema viário e embelezamento. Depois desse, outros planos foram elaborados, porém sempre dando continuidade às ideias já apresentadas por Brito. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar como Santa Maria enfrentou os seus primeiros problemas de saneamento e como o projeto de Brito serviu de base aos demais planos que se sucederam, apesar de ele não ter sido concluído quanto à sua implantação. A hipótese levantada é a de que o plano de saneamento elaborado por Brito foi também um plano urbanístico que iniciou o processo de planejamento de Santa Maria. / The city of Santa Maria, due to its location in the heart of Rio Grande do Sul State and great accessibility to the other regions, became a regional pole of great significance to the state economy. As a consequence, occurred a high urban growth, that accelerated even more with the construction of the railway junction, which has made this city the biggest railway center of Rio Grande do Sul State. The region's population grew from 5,110 inhabitants in 1858 to 30,185 in 1900. The urban nucleus in this period increased from 2,905 to 13,628 inhabitants. Moreover, on grounds of this function, the city had an intense movement of people and goods in a place without any infrastructure and equipment to support this growth. The already existing problems were compounded, with prominence to sanitation. The requirement of a project to the solution of those problems was evident. For such a task it was called the engineer Saturnino de Brito, who, in 1918, presented a plan, involving studies sanitation, road system and beautification. After that, other plans were drawn up, but always continuing with the ideas already presented by Brito. The objective of this work is to show how Santa Maria faced its first sanitation problems and how Brito’s project served as the basis for other plans that followed, even though had not been completed as to its implantation. The hypothesis is that the sanitation plan prepared by Brito was also an urban plan that started the process of planning for Santa Maria.

La mondialisation est souvent associée à une homogénéisation et une standardisation des métropoles. Pour autant, des représentations urbaines singulières émergent. En questionnant la réalité des modèles internationaux, mon ambition était de comprendre la manière dont les pensées urbaines se fabriquent, se diffusent, se confrontent et s’inventent, la façon dont elles s’ancrent dans une culture, projettent une société en devenir et créent les lieux publics. La mise en regard de la conception de l’espace urbain dans quatre métropoles, Paris, Rabat, Téhéran et New York, a révélé qu’il n’y avait non pas émergence de grands modèles types mais, au contraire, une atomisation de références qui co-existent et fondent les nouveaux lieux de la ville. Ce faisceau d’influences s’inscrit en continuité avec le passé pour mieux le réinventer. Il s’inspire de visions de plus en plus diversifiées, venues d’ailleurs. Plus encore, il prend appui sur des symboles, des représentations imaginaires de la ville. La réalité urbaine émerge de cet enchevêtrement d’interprétations individuelles et collectives, passées ou importées, théoriques ou imaginaires. Les lieux publics apparaissent alors comme un espace de dialogue inachevé sur une représentation du monde elle-même en évolution. Ils sont une redéfinition infinie de l’expérience de la relation des hommes à leur environnement. Cette hybridation amène à penser autrement le fait urbain. La proximité et l’expérience partagée de la fabrication de la ville permettent de charger les lieux des existences, émotions, passions et rêves des hommes. Ceux-ci sont potentiellement ouverts à une possibilité d’habiter, d’être au monde. Plus encore, l’expérience subjective et symbolique permet d’être présent au monde et à autrui, de transposer la vie humaine au-delà de sa condition mortelle, d’inventer un horizon pour « habiter poétiquement la terre » (F. Hölderlin). / Globalization is often associated with a homogenization and standardization of cities, However, representations of unique urban models continue to emerge. By questioning the veracity of a homogenous international model, my desire was to understand the manner in which urban thinking is formed, how it is disseminated, how it is challenged and reinvented, how it is rooted in a culture, projecting a vision of society and the création of public space. An overview of the design of urban space in four cities : Paris, Rabat Tehran and New York, does not reveal the emergence of any global design types, but rather a splintering of references which co-exist and form the basis for new urban spaces. This palette of influences is in continuity with the past so as to better reinvent it. It inspires visions which are more and more diversified by places afar. More than ever, it is attached to symbols, imaginative representations of the city. The urban reality emerges from this entwinement of individual and collective interpretations, of the past or imported, theoretical or imaginary. In perpetual reinterpretation, public spaces then appear as places of open dialogue that are based on an everchanging representation of a world that is still in flux. They are the infinite redefinition of the experience of the relation of humankind's to the environment. This hybridization brings to mind a new urban reality. The intimacy and shared experience in the creation of cities allows for spaces that are charged with the existence, emotions and passions of mankind. They are open to the possibility of living, of being, of the world. Even more, the experience of the subjective and symbolic allows for the presence of the worldly and the « other », the transposition of human life beyond its mortal condition, to create a horizon « for poetic living on Earth ». (F. Hölderlin).

Between 1966 and 1986 the Mengo neighborhood of Kampala, the capital of Uganda, was militarized. This dissertation examines how and why the urban dwellers of this neighborhood chose to stay in the city during this period of high insecurity. Successive governments turned several spaces and buildings in the city into army administration headquarters and barracks for soldiers. The army literally moved next door to city residents, leading to constant threats to people’s lives and their property. In order to examine Kampalans’ strategies for surviving in an insecure and dangerous urban environment, this dissertation relies on the oral histories of the men and women who lived through militarization. In so doing, I also examine how the African city of Kampala became resilient amid crisis. I argue that Kampalans relied on a set of practices and stances of defiance and subtle resistance, locally collectively known as Okujeema, to maintain their urban lives; they had inherited these strategies and modified them to suit their new challenges. From the beginning of military rule, many Kampala residents understood that the military meant to push them out of the city as a punishment for their political opposition and allegiance to the Buganda Kingdom. Okujeema is how Kampalans defined resilience and endurance. Residents displayed this trait when they resisted eviction orders, hid their property, and protected each other’s lives. They also insisted on earning a livelihood and enjoying leisure time in the midst of economic collapse. Kampala had long been a city of powerful women, a gender dynamic now challenged by the arriving soldiers. Not surprisingly, Okujeema therefore often took highly gendered forms as when traditional gender roles were inverted and women became protectors of men. All Kampalans, men and women, were urbanites, and they meant to retain that identity. The very notion of living in the city was an act of Okujeema during Kampala’s two decades of militarized crisis. / 2020-11-06T00:00:00Z

Lima’s coastal lomas are fog oasis whose verdure and biodiversity challenge our imagery of the desert. Due to their extension and importance within an arid environment, they could constitute the biggest environmental referent for a city such as Metropolitan Lima, which faces current environmental and urban challenges. Today, Lima's fog oasis are open spaces and as such they present an opportunity to rethink the relationship they maintain with the city, either as natural reserves or spaces for public usage. This article aims to approach the lomas ecosystems from a geo-urban perspective to analyze the potential they offer both as an alternative and as an opportunity to overcome certain environmental challenges. / Las lomas costeras de Lima son oasis de neblina cuyo verdor y biodiversidad desafían nuestro imaginario del desierto. Por su extensión e importancia dentro de un medio árido, podrían constituir el mayor referente ambiental para una ciudad como Lima metropolitana, de cara a los desafíos ambientales y urbanísticos que afronta en la actualidad. Las lomas de Lima son hoy espacios abiertos, y como tales, representan una oportunidad para repensar las relaciones que mantienen con la ciudad, ya sea como reservas de naturaleza o incluso como espacios de uso público. Este artículo pretende enfocar los ecosistemas de lomas costeras desde una perspectiva geo-urbanística para analizar el potencial que tienen como oportunidad para superar ciertos desafíos ambientales de la ciudad.

O período do Estado Novo (1937-1945) foi marcado pela busca de progresso e de modernidade em âmbito nacional, e, em Porto Alegre, essa busca tomou forma em um processo de remodelação urbana, implantada pelo prefeito da cidade, Loureiro da Silva, sob a orientação do urbanista Arnaldo Gladosch e dos técnicos locais Ubatuba de Faria e Edvaldo P. Paiva. As intervenções, assim como os problemas urbanos de Porto Alegre, foram amplamente noticiados, no período, pelo jornal Correio do Povo. Este trabalho buscou apontar como as intervenções na cidade e a elaboração de um plano diretor, quando divulgados pelo jornal Correio do Povo, disseminaram, também, o anseio pela modernidade. O estudo adota a hipótese de que a imprensa em Porto Alegre, sobretudo o jornal Correio do Povo, durante o período do Estado Novo, propagava e promovia as novas teorias do urbanismo. O trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a evolução do urbanismo na cidade de Porto Alegre durante o Estado Novo, ao longo da administração de Loureiro da Silva, na leitura das publicações do jornal Correio do Povo. Está estruturado em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo aborda o período do Estado Novo em Porto Alegre, relacionando os principais acontecimentos urbanísticos da cidade, no contexto da época. No segundo capítulo, apresenta-se o papel da imprensa, e principalmente, do jornal Correio do Povo na capital. O terceiro capítulo traz para a análise dos textos do jornal, sobre as intervenções pela qual a cidade passava. Um achado importante é de que as notícias do Correio do Povo revelam, subjacente aos textos oficiais e aos projetos elaborados à época, a introdução na capital de novas idéias e tendências do urbanismo. / The period of the “Estado Novo” (1937-1945) was marked by the search of progress and of modernity nationwide and, in Porto Alegre, that search took form in a process of urban remodeling, implanted by the mayor of the city, Loureiro da Silva, under the orientarion of urbanist Arnaldo Gladosch and local technicians Ubatuba de Faria and Edvaldo P. Paiva. Those interventions, as well as the urban problems of Porto Alegre, were widely reported, at that time, on the newspaper “Correio do Povo”. This study has aimed to point out how the interventions in the city and the elaboration of a master urban plan, when published by the newspaper “Correio do Povo”, also disseminated the longing for modernity and the nationalism, and they introduced new urban ideas underlying the official texts and the projects elaborated at that time. The study adopts the hypothese that the press in Porto Alegre, specially the newspaper Correio do Povo, during the period of the Estado Novo, spread out and promoted the new theories on urbanization. The study has as objective investigating the evolution of the urbanism in the city of Porto Alegre, during the “Estado Novo”, along the administration of Loureiro da Silva, in the readings of the newspaper “Correio do Povo” . It is structured in three chapters. The first chapter approaches the period of the “Estado Novo” in Porto Alegre, relating the most important urban events of the city, in the context of the time. In the second chapter, it is presented the press role in the capital, mainly Correio do Povo’s one. The third chapter brings the analyses of the newspaper’s texts, on the interventions in the city. An important finding is that the reports of Correio do Povo disclose the introduction in the capital of new ideas and trends in urbanism, underlying the oficial texts and projects elaborated at that time.

247f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-10T16:32:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro.pdf: 9886920 bytes, checksum: cecff985bdfd4c0bac93183fa78844b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-13T20:03:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro.pdf: 9886920 bytes, checksum: cecff985bdfd4c0bac93183fa78844b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-13T20:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro.pdf: 9886920 bytes, checksum: cecff985bdfd4c0bac93183fa78844b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A gestão urbana tende a incorporar ferramentas adequadas à compreensão dos processos econômicos e sociais, que acontecem no espaço. Neste contexto, a coleta, o armazenamento, a análise e a apresentação de dados espaciais, bem como o prévio conhecimento do território e de suas formas de ocupação, com suporte dos recursos da informática, proporcionam à informação geográfica uma fundamental importância. Este trabalho apresenta programas governamentais que ocorreram em quatro estados brasileiros, com ações nas áreas de infra-estrutura e desenvolvimento urbano; recuperação de áreas degradadas e desenvolvimento institucional, oferecendo apoio técnico e financeiro às prefeituras, com o intuito de fortalecer a gestão municipal. Especificamente, os programas auxiliaram a implantação do geoprocessamento nas prefeituras, graças à produção das bases cartográficas municipais, financiamento de projetos de cadastro técnico municipal, e incentivos à elaboração de sistemas de informação e setores específicos. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como as prefeituras de municípios selecionados do interior baiano envolvidas no Projeto Bases Cartográficas Municipais vêm utilizando a cartografia e o geoprocessamento em suas atividades,buscando compreender os alcances e limitações do projeto, através da análise de documentos oficiais, textos acadêmicos, questionários e consultando pessoas que tiveram papel fundamental no processo de implementação,sistematizando as ações desenvolvidas,em relação a capacitação,acompanhamento e fiscalização dos trabalhos por parte da esfera estadual e equipes locais, com o intuito de identificar os alcances, bem como os objetivos propostos pelo programa. / Salvador

Skopje 2014: Governmental Role in the Spatial Politics of Collective Memory In my research the key interest is to understand how the government uses public spaces in order to supply the continuity of the narratives and how it maintains collective memories. In the matter of the public interpretations of the past, I am especially interested in the effects it has upon the collective memories of the citizens, notably to the generations, who have experienced the city. Above all, I examine the work of artists and architects who are using styles and symbols that affect the memories by ambivalent imitations and interpretations. Such content is seen within the framework of a multi- ethnical state presented by polarized public with polarized relations between the two major ethnicities of Macedonians and Albanians. I will try to examine the level of manipulation while demonstrating history in public space, creating false correlations of the past. Such phenomenon has been perceived as a one of having negative influence at present. It is taken as a possible change within the process of identification of future generations. I organized the research in two parts. In the first one I give a synchronic presentation of delivered criticism and comments on the project"Skopje 2014". In the second part, having a...