A arquitetura e o urbanismo da cidade de Luanda têm vindo a desenvolver-se desde o ano de 1575. Foi o momento em que o fundador Paulo Dias de Novais chegou à Luanda e fundou a vila de São Paulo de Loanda. Durante vários séculos Luanda foi um dos pontos para marcar presença no processo de ocupação portuguesa. Pouco a pouco os portugueses foram ocupando a cidade, onde a parte baixa foi ocupada pelos comerciantes e mercadores de escravos e a parte alta pelo poder político e a igreja católica. A doação de terras para comerciantes e cristãos proporcionou à cidade um desenvolvimento espontâneo, mas que ao longo do tempo foi beneficiado por profissionais que entendendo de desenho, geometria e construção foram direccionando a cidade para um rumo melhor. Até finais do século XIX a cidade de Luanda era considerada como detentora dum património pela sua arquitetura militar, religiosa e civil, mas pouco foi feito pelos governos portugueses no sentido de valorizarem esse património. Nos anos 20 e 30 do seculo XX a cidade passou a beneficiar de profissionais ligados a arquitetura e ao urbanismo e passaram a desempenhar um papel de itinerante. Esse processo não era o melhor, mas serviu para atribuir à cidade um rumo ainda melhor. Depois de 1938 a cidade de Luanda passou a ter arquitetos residentes, como o arquiteto Fernando Batalha, Vasco Vieira da Costa, Antonieta Jacinto, António Campino, Fernão Lopes Simões de Carvalho, Francisco Silva Dias, José Luís Pinto da Cunha, os irmãos Castilho, Ana Torres e tantos outros que após à sua formação nas Escolas Superiores de Belas Artes do Porto e de Lisboa e no atelier de Le Cobusier, resolveram edificar Luanda segundo as suas doutrinas, tratando-a como sua terra. Com esses profissionais a cidade de Luanda desenvolveu-se duma forma diferente com características do movimento moderno e com políticas do estado novo num sistema de economia capitalista e ditatorial. Duas ideologias divergentes permitindo aos profissionais, posturas diferentes no exercício da arquitectura, que prevaleceram em paralelo até 1975. A história do urbanismo e da arquitetura são aqui estudados com o objectivo de se perceber e entender melhor as transformações de Luanda no período de 1950 a 1975. Mas não se consegue estudar uma cidade sem se conhecer o seu passado, por isso foram também analisados os acontecimentos num período anterior. O conjunto de edificações é um marco para a cidade e como tal carece de estudos para que a sociedade, os estudantes e os visitantes tenham consciência do seu real valor e possam contribuir para a valorização do seu patrimônio. A presente dissertação de Mestrado tem como objeto identificar e apelar a sociedade para a importância no tombamento das obras do movimento moderno existentes na cidade de Luanda, com base nas referências estudadas no estado da arte sobre o movimento moderno, por forma a identificar e provar a existência e as doutrinas do maior promotor do movimento moderno, o arquiteto de origem suíça Le Corbusier. / The architecture and urban style of Luanda have been developing since 1575. It was the moment when the founder Paulo Dias de Novais arrived in Luanda and founded the village of São Paulo de Loanda. For several centuries Luanda was one of the points to be present in the process of Portuguese occupation. The Portuguese were gradually occupying the city, where the lower part was occupied by merchants and slave traders and the higher part by the political power and Catholic Church. The donation of land for merchants and Christians gave the city a spontaneous development, but over time it benefited from professionals who by understanding design, geometry and construction were directing the city towards a better destiny. Until the late nineteenth century the city of Luanda was regarded as having a heritage for its military, civil and religious architecture, but little was done by the Portuguese governments in the sense of appreciating that heritage. In the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century the city began to benefit from professionals linked to architecture and urbanism and started to play an itinerant role. This process was not the most appropriate, but it served to offer the city a better direction. After 1938 the city of Luanda started having resident architects such as Fernando Batalha, Vasco Vieira da Costa, Antonieta Jacinto, António Campino, Fernão Lopes, Simões de Carvalho, Francisco Silva Dias, José Luis Pinto da Cunha, the Castilho brothers, Ana Torres and many others that after graduating from the Fine Arts Schools of Porto and Lisbon and from the Le Corbusier Atelier, decided to build the city of Luanda according to their doctrines, treating it as their land. With these professionals the city of Luanda developed in a different manner with modern movement characteristics and with the new State policies in a capitalistic and dictatorial economy. Two diverging ideologies that prevailed in parallel until 1975. The history of urban styles and architecture are studied here with the objective of better understanding and perceiving the transformations undergone in Luanda between 1950 and 1975. Because a set of buildings is a milestone for a city and therefore lacks studies so that society, students and visitors can be aware of its real value and may contribute to the enhancement of its heritage. This Master\'s thesis has the aim to identify and appeal to society to the importance of overturning the modern movement works existing in the city of Luanda, based on references studied in the state of art on the modern movement in order to identify and prove the existence and doctrines of the biggest promoter of the modern movement, the Swiss origin architect Le Corbusier.

Orientador: André Munhoz de Argollo Ferrão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:40:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mortati_DeboraMarquesdeAlmeidaNogueira_D.pdf: 28876564 bytes, checksum: 99810be9d7ae2de311a4373f3df37859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A Tese é que a disponibilidade de energia foi fundamental para a mudança da economia rural do café para a da urbano-industrial no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e, portanto, as centrais hidrelétricas são parte relevante do patrimônio cultural brasileiro. Como patrimônio industrial, este conjunto de centrais é um caso atípico no mundo, pela sua concentração e intensidade e representatividade da arquitetura industrial da época, devendo ser resgatada e preservada. A intenção do trabalho é demonstrar a arquitetura das primeiras centrais hidrelétricas do estado de São Paulo à luz do urbanismo, do desenvolvimento tecnológico e da engenharia civil, revelando demandas da época e o contexto em que se inseriram. A matriz de energia elétrica do Brasil é composta principalmente pela energia hidrelétrica, devido a sua grande disponibilidade de recursos hídricos. A eletrificação do país aconteceu prioritariamente no estado de São Paulo, alavancando o processo de enriquecimento e industrialização que até hoje caracteriza o estado. O período do trabalho é de 1890 a 1930, em que o estado de São Paulo começa seu processo de industrialização, a economia cafeeira está no auge e é fundada a companhia de energia elétrica que fará a primeira usina hidrelétrica do estado de São Paulo; este panorama vai evoluindo até 1930 quando a economia cafeeira entra em crise, a indústria já está estabelecida e a construção de hidrelétricas, assume outro caráter: o das grandes hidrelétricas, encerrando o ciclo das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas. A chegada da eletricidade e suas usinas foi um dos elementos definidores da paisagem industrial do território de São Paulo. A geração de energia elétrica no estado seguiu os caminhos da ferrovia, desenhando novas fronteiras e configurações de cidades, conforme aumentava a disponibilidade de "melhorias", sendo que muitas delas eram movidas a eletricidade. As nascentes indústrias também iam ocupando o espaço entre a ferrovia e a energia, criando novos bairros e centralidades. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a relevância que o patrimônio formado pelas companhias concessionárias e suas 115 primeiras centrais hidrelétricas tiveram na formação da paisagem industrial do território paulista. Analisa-se então, o processo da implantação das primeiras usinas hidrelétricas, bem como a trajetória das companhias e redes criadas no interior do estado de São Paulo no período do estudo / Abstract: The Thesis is that the energy availability was fundamental in the changing of the rural coffee's economy to the urban-industrial's economy in São Paulo State, Brazil, and so, the hydroelectric plants are a relevant part of the Brazilian cultural heritage. As an industrial heritage, this group of plants is an atypical case in the world, by their concentration and intensity and represent the industrial architecture of this period, and must be rescued and preserved. The intention of this work is to reveal the first hydroelectric plants architecture in São Paulo State, Brazil under the gaze of urbanism, technology development and civil engineering, exposing their demands and the context of the period. The electric energy pattern of Brazil is the hydroelectric power, because there is large availability of water resources. The Brazilian electrification was occurred primarily in São Paulo State, incrementing the enrichment process and the industrialization, that today characterizes the state. The work period is from 1890 to 1930, when São Paulo State began its industrialization process, the coffee economy was booming and was founded the first hydroelectric power company in the state. This panorama advanced til 1930, when the coffee economy began in crisis, the industry was already established and the construction of hydroelectric plants after 1930, takes another course: the large dams, closing the small hydroelectric plants' cycle. The arrival of electricity and their plants was one of the elements that made the industrial landscape in the São Paulo territory. The electricity generation followed the railway paths and x was drawing new boundaries and new cities plans according as the "benefits" were growing, and much of them was electrical. The nascent industries were also occupying the space between the railway and the energy, rising new districts and centralities. The intention is formulate considerations about the heritage relevance of these 115 hydroelectric plants and their companies had in the consolidation of the São Paulo State industrial landscape. This way, the work analyzes the implantation actions of the first hydroelectrics powers and the ways of their companies and networks in the Sao Paulo State's hinterland through this period / Doutorado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Doutora em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Haroldo Gallo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandler_Sergio_M.pdf: 12350210 bytes, checksum: 87e48bed3b35d669cc92d7fa71b5b387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Tendo em conta a importância dos espaços públicos como lugares referenciais da cidade, que como tal são portadores de significados atribuídos coletivamente, a pesquisa aborda a questão da dimensão artística do urbanismo com relação à idéia de lugar e sua construção simbólica na cidade. Com base na visão crítica de dois autores seminais - Camillo Sitte, que registra o momento da transformação da cidade diante do advento industrial, e a consequente perda de seu senso artístico geral; e Giulio Carlo Argan, que aponta a crise da cidade contemporânea como uma crise de um sistema de valores que relega a ideia da cidade como artefato, e como uma crise da ideia mesma de arte; e ainda de uma série de autores dialógicos com a questão - desenvolve-se o estudo do caso de Chicago. Seu plano diretor, o Plano de Chicago, estabeleceu, na primeira década do século XX, as bases do desenvolvimento da cidade que conhecemos hoje. O plano, além de definir as diretrizes relativas aos sistemas técnicos da cidade, tratou também dos espaços públicos visando sua qualificação artística e simbólica. A experiência de campo em Chicago confirma o vínculo da arte pública com a vida cultural da cidade. Os lugares onde há o elemento artístico transformam-se em marcos urbanos, em referenciais identitários das comunidades e da cidade como um todo. Doações e fundos públicos mantêm e ampliam o acervo público, com a inclusão sistemática de elementos de arte pública nas praças e parques da cidade / Abstract: Considering the importance of public space as a city reference and that as such it must carry a meaning that is collectively attributed; this research approaches the artistic dimension of urbanism as related to the idea of space and its symbolic construction of the city. Based on the critical vision of two fundamental authors - Camillo Sitte, who registers the moment of the city transformation upon industrial advent, losing its general artistic sense; and Giulio Carlo Argan, who points out to the crisis of the contemporary city as a crisis of a system of values that relegates the idea of the city as an artifact, and as a crisis of the idea of art in itself; and a series of provocative authors, comes through Chicago's case study. Its master plan, the Plano of Chicago, established in the first decade of the twentieth century, is the basis for the development of the city as we know it today. The plan, besides defining directives concerning the technical systems of the city, covered also the city's public spaces, concerning its artistic and symbolic qualification. The field experience in Chicago confirms the link between public art and cultural life of the city. Where there is the artistic element the point is transformed in urban landmarks, in references that build the community and city's identity as a whole. Donations and public funds sustain and enhance growth of public collection, with systematic inclusion of elements of public art in parks and plazas / Mestrado / Artes Visuais / Mestre em Artes Visuais

A pesquisa tem por objetivo o estudo da arquitetura, dos materiais e das técnicas de construção das casas de banho romanas, conhecidas pelos termos latinos Thermae e Balnea, em seu meio urbano nas três províncias da Península Ibérica - Hispânia Tarraconense, Hispânia Bética e a Hispânia Lusitânia. Para tanto, nos baseamos nas premissas teórico-metodológicas da Arqueologia da Construção e da Arqueologia do Ambiente Construído. Além dos aspectos arquitetônico-construtivos, focalizamos a tecnologia do aquecimento termal em suas mais diferentes instalações estruturais; tecnologia romana de calefação que é conhecida pela literatura arqueológica pelo termo latino hypocaustum. Não obstante, abordamos alguns aspectos socioculturais associados às termas como a prática do evergestismo pelos membros da elite e a romanização como fator de mudança cultural. Ao par disso, tratamos de expor uma síntese sobre o desenvolvimento do urbanismo e a inserção das termas nas cidades. Por fim, analisamos as questões tipológicas e terminológicas com relação às termas romanas. / The research aims to study the architecture, materials and the construction techniques of Roman baths, known by the Latin terms Thermae and Balnea, in their urban areas in the three provinces of the Iberian Peninsula - Hispania Tarraconensis, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania. To this end, we rely on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Archaeology of Construction and the Archaeology of the Built Environment. In addition to the architectural-construction aspects, we focus on the thermal heating technology in its various structural facilities; Roman heating technology which is known in archaeological literature by the Latin term hypocaustum. Also, we address sociocultural aspects associated with baths such as the practice of evergestism by members of the elite and the romanization as a factor of cultural change. Next, we present a summary about the development of urbanism and the insertion of the baths in the cities. Finally, we analyze the typology and terminology issues regarding baths.

Ce travail cherche à interroger la place occupée par les systèmes de drainage dans le développement urbain au Brésil. Négligées dans l’aménagement de la région métropolitaine de Recife, les eaux pluviales ont longtemps été traitées exclusivement dans le champ sectoriel de l’eau et envisagées comme des contraintes à surmonter. Dans le bassin du fleuve Beberibe, ces postures sont à l’origine d’un cadre territorial où le mauvais drainage se conjugue à la pauvreté, à la précarité de l’habitat et aux risques. La faillite des approches sectorielles a conduit à une révision des principes guidant le drainage urbain. Celle-ci prend en compte l’intégration intersectorielle, la complexité des territoires et la participation des citadins à la planification et à la gestion urbaines. Cette analyse renvoie à une tendance globale de rapprochement des interventions d’aménagement et d’assainissement, d’où émergent les notions d’assainissement environnemental et de développement durable du drainage urbain. L’étude suit une approche diachronique, montrant l’évolution des pensées et des actions, et synchronique, mettant en lumière l’interconnexion entre les initiatives de gestion de l’eau. Ainsi, l’observation de trois expériences métropolitaines dévoile des particularités du cas brésilien. L'expression « eau-urbanisation » est utilisée dans cette thèse pour décrire l'interaction entre les aspects sectoriels de l’eau et la perspective d’aménagement territorial. Dans un cadre normatif inachevé et vu du double défi national d’améliorer les aspects quantitatifs et qualitatifs de la gestion de l’eau, cette idée demeure encore à l’état d’utopie. / This dissertation questions the underplaying of drainage systems in the urban development in Brazil. Neglected by the territorial planning system of the Recife Metropolitan Region, the stormwater was for a long time considered only by the hydrical and sanitation point of view and seen only as obstacle to be surmounted. In the Beberibe River Basin, such attitudes created a condition in which inadequate drainage is associated to poor living conditions, leading communities to live in a risk situation. The failures of biased urban policies are provoking a reassessment of the principles which guided urban drainage. Such reassessment is creating a view which recognizes the inter-sectorial integration, the complexity of the territories and the community participation in the decision-making process of planning and urban management. This analysis points to a process which follows a world trend of bringing together urban planning and sanitation programs, from which the notion of environmental sanitation and sustainable development of urban drainage emerges. This study follows two approaches: one diachronic, which demonstrate the history of thoughts and actions, and another synchronic, which reveals the interconnection between the water management initiatives. Therefore, the study of three experiences in the metropolitan Region of Recife reveals the particularities of the Brazilian case. The term "water-urbanization" is used in this dissertation to describe the interaction between the stormwater management and the spatial planning perspective. In an incomplete regulatory framework and considering the national challenge to improve the extent and the quality of the water management, such idea reveals itself as a utopia.

In this dissertation constructions of contemporary urban ideals are in focus, starting from the understanding that they are constructed in relation to both an idea of an urban renaissance and one ofa dissolving, or sprawling, city. The aim of the dissertation is to investigate and analyse how the city and the urban are discursively constructed in contemporary Swedish urban planning discussion. This is done by analysing articles from the Swedish Journal of Planning (Plan) and publications from the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket) and the Urban Environment Council (Stadsmiljörådet). The main research topics are: How is the city and its history constructed? What norms are constructed about the city and the urban? How is planning and the role of the planner constructed, and what kind of knowledge and practices are emphasised? Methodologically, the dissertation is inspired by social constructivist methods, and mainly discourse theory. Applying this to the urban context means understanding urbanity and cities as constantly constructed and reconstructed discursively, even if both appear to be defined, absolute and recognisable. The analysis investigates these appearances and the meanings they are given – in this case in an urban planning context.  The analysis shows that history plays an important part in both the construction of ideals and problems. Both contemporary planning and the urban ideals are conceptualised in the light of a modernist planning era, which is emphasised as the period when the “real” city was dissolved or even destroyed. An “original”, pre-modern city is constructed and guarded as the norm, and the categorisation of places appear as important. Concepts both open and defined appear as central, such as diversity, variation, identity and urbanity. The planning practice that supposedly creates the good city is ideally a sensitive and emotional practice and practitioner, in line with communicative planning theory. Binary conceptual couples structure the discourse to a high degree, resulting in polarisations such as compact/sparse, city/countryside or inner city/suburb. The problematic or contradictory, such as the suburb, is marked off from the “real” city, and an inside and outside of the good city is created. The importance of a holistic and comprehensive planning perspective is emphasized, but at the same time the urban ideal that comes out appear as a strongly normative outlook from the traditional inner city. An inner city “we” is constructed, and the suburb, the suburban and its inhabitants are seen as an Other.  The dissertation also discusses some openings and contrary voices in the discourse and in other urban research indicative of an attempt to move beyond the polarisations. By questioning hierarchies and polarisations, and opening up for influence from outside of the discourse, concepts such as diversity and urbanity could be given alternative meanings instead of being used to mourn the loss of a “real”, original city or urban public space.

What form is taken by the architecture and planning movement known as the New Urbanism in Scotland? To answer this, and offer an original contribution to knowledge, the thesis takes as its starting point a survey of New Urbanism and moves to connect it to how New Urbanism is understood and practised in contemporary Scottish urbanism. In it, I argue that New Urbanism does not pay attention to the complexities of the recent spatial-social history of places and adds to the semantic confusion of new places generally. The thesis is a historical-spatial study concerned with the transfer of knowledge between New Urbanist theories and practice and how they have been received and reconfigured transnationally. The thesis is organised into four parts. It begins with a literature review that is a metahistoric account of the movement paying close attention to the symbiotic relationship of the U.S. and Anglo-European procedures and charting the theoretical basis and key figures, events and canonical developments. The scale narrows its focus throughout the thesis in a linear fashion, moving in chapter three to a close reading and review of Scottish governmental policy documents and associated literature produced since 2001. The aim here is to chart patterns in the official approaches that illuminate a tendency towards the New Urbanist procedure. I posit that government support for New Urbanism demonstrates an institutional preference for growth over social equity. I argue that the emergent New Urbanism in Scotland is representative of a perceived lack of community aligned with the privileging of upper middle-class tastes and lifestyles which are held as the dominant representation of cultural life (S. Zukin, 2009). Simultaneously, a move towards neo-traditional planning and architecture is also a politically sanctioned strategy for economic growth that prioritises growth in housing over environmental or ecological sustainability. Two site studies document the emerging New Urbanism in Scotland by analysing two different approaches. The site studies deal with one built example and one masterplan located in Ayrshire and Aberdeenshire respectively. Separated into two sections they can be read as comparative studies which account for two distinct manifestations of Scottish New Urbanism; a modified Anglo-European version promoted by the Prince’s Foundation for Building Community and an ‘imported’ US version typically led by established urban designers DPZ (or Urban Design Associates), with both broadly receiving government support. The purpose of the research is to contribute to a better understanding of the movement’s origins and subsequent recontextualisation in a specifically Scottish condition. This is arguably relevant not only to contemporary Scottish urbanism but to general scholarship on the organisation and politics of space.

Contemporary urban planning for the past decades has concentrated on sustainable development, for instance through the promotion of dense development (Echenique et al., 2012). Important components for sustainable urban development concerns increasing residential and building density, as means of counteracting the consequences of urban sprawl (Jenks and Jones, 2008). Because it is argued that high-residential density is more economically, environmentally and socially sustainable than low-density since a higher concentration of people contributes to for instance shorter transportation distances as well as makes services and amenities more economically viable  (Frey, 1999; Haughton and Hunter, 2004). However, whether the densification of cities has desirable or undesirable social, economic and ecological impacts is highly contested. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socioeconomic outcomes of the urban densification process in the Lundby District, Gothenburg, over time. Through a mixed method approach, statistical information for Lundby District, for the years 2008 to 2015 have been processed and two semi-structured interviews with employees in the City Planning Authority and Lundby District Administration were conducted. The densification in Lundby presents certain strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. As more than 6300 new housing units has been constructed during this time-period, and more is to come in the near future, Lundby experienced a repopulation as the housing construction has facilitate a population increase of more than 11 000 new inhabitants. However, as the favored tenure developed during this time-period been condominiums certain weaknesses exist. Nonetheless, densification and the rapid increase in population has contributed to the number of vehicle per 100 inhabitants decreasing, which presents opportunities for being more environmentally friendly. On the other hand the claim that through densification could diversity and social mixing be achieved is flawed, as seen in Lundby the densification process has brought changes in population structure and socioeconomic characteristics, which suggest some form of gentrification is occurring.

Submitted by Jakeline Ortega (jakortega@unoeste.br) on 2018-11-14T00:13:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Luciano Osako.pdf: 6984233 bytes, checksum: ae94e9f3d0b0b7816385994a4bbae563 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T00:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Luciano Osako.pdf: 6984233 bytes, checksum: ae94e9f3d0b0b7816385994a4bbae563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / The present research seeks to relate the importance of urban afforestation to improve the urban environment and quality of urban life of the citizen in the city of Presidente Prudente. Thus, the objective was to analyze the environmental benefits of urban afforestation and to propose planning fundamentals and to establish general criteria that improve its current condition. Thus, the methodological basis, analyzes were carried out to evaluate the conditions of urban afforestation. The diagnosis of tree species began in the understanding of the historical-temporal relationship of urban mesh expansion, produced through thematic maps using the cartographic methodology. The analysis comprised a temporal cut that began in 1987, following the years of 1996, 2006 and ending in 2017. The data obtained reveal how urban afforestation interacted negatively with the advance of the urban network. Then, for a more detailed evaluation, I carried out field research using surveys using the quadrants methodology, in 10 specific and diversified areas in the urban network. The inventoried tree individuals were tabulated in the following categories: Family, scientific name, common name, place of survey and quantity. The phytosanitary status of the species resulted in data indicating the quality of these species in the conditions of the inventoried areas. Regarding biodiversity, the results point to the predominance of 65% of native species and 35% of exotic species, although there is the biodiversity problem, where exotic and invasive tree species can affect the ecological balance, in this case the species found was Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) R de Wit., predominating in 2 of the 10 inventoried areas, indicating the lack of diversity in the bed of two urban streams of the city. Still in this context, we have the discussion of the planning and management of afforestation, an issue that requires actions and regulations for better future plans. Given this framework, he proposed to evaluate the urban afforestation and its environmental benefits. Finally, the recommendation that this research reveals, deals with how the proposal of the Urban Tree Stewardship Plan, for the city of Presidente Prudente can promote, in an orderly and effective way, the conduction of this theme. Both public authorities and the public should aim to attain this goal as a matter of priority. / A presente pesquisa busca relacionar a importância da arborização urbana para melhorar a ambiência urbana e qualidade de vida urbana do cidadão na cidade de Presidente Prudente. Diante disso, o objetivo foi analisar os benefícios ambientais da arborização urbana e propor fundamentos de planejamento e estabelecer critérios gerais que melhorem sua condição atual. Assim, a base metodológica, realizaram-se análises para avaliar as condições da arborização urbana. O diagnóstico das espécies arbóreas teve início no entendimento da relação histórico-temporal de expansão da malha urbana, produzido através de mapas temáticos utilizando a metodologia cartográfica a análise compreendeu recorte temporal que se iniciou em 1987, seguindo pelos anos de 1996, 2006 e finalizando em 2017. Os dados obtidos revelam em como a arborização urbana interagiu de forma negativa com o avanço da malha urbana. Em seguida, para uma avaliação mais detalhada, realizei pesquisa de campo utilizando levantamentos com a metodologia dos pontos quadrantes, em 10 áreas específicas e diversificadas na malha urbana. Os indivíduos arbóreos inventariados foram tabelados nas seguintes categorias: Família, nome científico, nome vulgar, local do levantamento e quantidade. Os estados fitossanitários das espécies resultaram dados que indicam a qualidade, que, estas espécies se encontram nas condições das áreas inventariadas. A respeito da biodiversidade os resultados apontam para a predominância de 65% de espécies nativas e 35 % de espécies exóticas, embora exista a problemática da biodiversidade, onde espécies arbóreas exóticas e invasoras podem afetar o equilíbrio ecológico, neste caso a espécie encontrada foi a Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) R de Wit., predominando em 2 das 10 áreas inventariadas, apontando a falta de diversidade no leito de dois córregos urbanos da cidade. Ainda neste contexto, temos a discussão do planejamento e manejo da arborização, questão que carece de ações e normativas para melhores planos futuros. Diante deste quadro, se propôs a avaliar a arborização urbana e seus benefícios ambientais. Por fim, a recomendação que esta pesquisa revela, trata da maneira como a proposta do Plano Diretor de Arborização Urbana, para cidade de Presidente Prudente pode fomentar, de maneira ordenada e eficaz, a condução deste tema. Tanto o poder público quanto a população devem almejar, de forma prioritária, atingir esse objetivo.

Infrastructure continues to perpetuate the effects of splintering urbanism in South African cities. Where apartheid planning policies such as the group areas act used infrastructure as a mechanism of social organisation, this design dissertation proposes using architecture as social infrastructure to transcend these sociotechnical divides. The concept of the sociotechnical denotes the synergy of a city's infrastructural systems and its social life. In this design dissertation this idea is explored at various scales: at the urban level, through a development strategy that spatialises unsafe public open land; at the architectural scale, through surface articulation and interfacing with urban infrastructure; and at the technical level, through building performance analysis and technical design development in support of architectural goals. The project uses a distributed programme that stretches across communities in order to socialise the existing urban infrastructure of a pedestrian bridge. By leveraging the social significance of a local football club, the project proposes a social programme around the idea of a football clubhouse as a programmatic anchor. In reacting to urban infrastructure, the idea of imageability and presence are important considerations. These concepts enable youth to positively engage with the architecture, and allows the building to convey its purpose and programmatic intent, thereby creating a strong social interface with its users. Sociotechnical architecture is considered as an urban armature that socialises and spatialises urban infrastructure. The architecture therefore seeks the minimal amount of fixity to support a variety of flexible events surrounding sports and recreation activities. This is achieved through a selection of robust materials used in horizontal surfaces of social purpose, and the combination of structure, materiality and geometry to create a series of vertical surfaces of social presence and architectural imageability. The result is a strategic arrangement of architectural interventions deployed across a large urban scheme. By distributing the architecture across urban infrastructure, the project connects two communities and presents an architectural response to splintering urbanism.