Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’interrelation entre l’expérience de l’art public et celle du paysage. Elle se penche sur l’art public utilitaire, plus précisément sur le cas de quatre œuvres-banc situées dans le Parc linéaire de la rivière Saint-Charles, à Québec. La position assise suggérée par ces productions artistiques occasionne un contact sensoriel direct avec l’œuvre, mais surtout, elle orchestre un retournement du regard vers le paysage selon une posture et un angle de vue définis. L’activation de la fonction de banc par l’action de s’y asseoir, ou du moins la compréhension de cette possibilité d’usage, donne alors accès à une expérience du paysage environnant qui, loin d’être fortuite, fait partie intégrante de l’œuvre-banc. Cette étude analyse ainsi les œuvres-banc afin de mieux comprendre comment elles sont reçues par le public, mais également comment elles participent à l’expérience paysagère. Les réponses obtenues à la suite d’un questionnaire en ligne ont permis d’évaluer les différents aspects de la compréhension et de l’exploration de la fonction de banc des œuvres, selon une grille d’analyse conçue en adaptant certains postulats de la théorie des affordances de Gibson (1979; 2014), de la matrice de préférences de Kaplan & Kaplan (1989a, 1989b) et du modèle environnemental de Carlson (1979) aux enjeux de la recherche. Les données cumulées et traitées ont ensuite permis de démontrer que les œuvres-banc participent à une expérience paysagère de qualité. Cette contribution est principalement liée à la position assise suggérée par l’œuvre, elle qui invite les usagers du parc à s’immerger dans la scène tout en offrant une perception multisensorielle du paysage. En somme, cette recherche a fait émerger des constats sur l’apport des œuvres d’art à l’aménagement de l’espace public et à la qualité de l’expérience vécue par les citadins, deux volets sous-explorés de la recherche en art public. / This research questions the relationship between the experience of public art and that of the landscape. It focuses on utilitarian public art, more specifically on the case of four artistic benches located in the Saint-Charles River Linear Park, in Quebec City. The seated position suggested by these artistic productions causes direct sensory contact with the work, but above all, it orchestrates a reversal of the gaze towards the landscape according to a defined posture and angle of view. The activation of the bench function by the action of sitting on it, or at least the understanding of this possibility of use, then gives access to an experience of the surrounding landscape which, far from being fortuitous, is an essential aiming of the artistic bench. This study thus analyzes artistic benches in order to better understand how they are received by the public, but also how they participate to the landscape experience. The answers obtained following an online questionnaire allowed to evaluate the different aspects of under-standing and exploring the bench function in the art piece. An analysis grid was designed by adapting certain postulates of Gibson's affordance theory (1979; 2014), Kaplan & Kaplan's preference matrix (1989a, 1989b) and Carlson's environmental model (1979). The data ana-lyzed according to this grid then made it possible to demonstrate that the artistic benches contribute to a quality landscape experience. This contribution is mainly linked to the seated position suggested by the work, which invites park users to immerse themselves in the scene while offering a multisensory perception of the landscape.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eveline Prado Jannarelli.pdf: 1870552 bytes, checksum: 002acff87d29ee501537d77cc468fc71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-28 / nenhum / A busca por um melhor entendimento das variáveis que determinam o comportamento do consumidor tem sido um tema amplamente estudado por diversas áreas de atuação. Dos profissionais de marketing, aos economistas e psicólogos, o comportamento de comprar, usar e descartar artigos, serviços, idéias ou experiências tem envolvido a todos, seja por aspectos científicos e metodológicos, seja no desenvolvimento de uma atividade de trabalho. Sob uma perspectiva Behavorista Radical, este estudo buscou investigar a relação entre o dizer e o fazer para o comportamento de escolha de marcas, concentrando-se na análise do sujeito único. Para tanto foram colocadas duas questões: (1) averiguar se o dizer do consumidor em relação à compra de produtos específicos com marcas específicas é condizente com o fazer deste mesmo consumidor ao emitir o comportamento de compra destes produtos e marcas específicas e (2) averiguar se é possível encontrar um padrão entre o dizer do consumidor sobre o comportamento de compra em determinadas categorias e o comportamento efetivo de compra, a partir dos conceitos de reforço utilitário e informativo para cada situação. Para tanto foram coletados os dados de compra de 07 participantes a partir dos tickets de compras emitidos pelos estabelecimentos, durante um período mínimo de 20 semanas, para as categorias de Detergente em pó, Detergente líquido e Biscoito Doce. Para coleta do relato de compra, foi aplicada uma entrevista com cada participante após um período mínimo de dois meses do início da coleta do ticket de compra. Posteriormente, os dados de compra coletados foram comparados com os seguintes relatos de compra: freqüência de compra, amplitude de marca comprada, perfil de compra por nível de reforço informativo e utilitário geral e ao longo do período da pesquisa, preferência por uma marca, conhecimento de marca e compra declarada e razões de compra dentro da categoria. Este estudo pretende indicar alguns caminhos para a condução de um entendimento mais amplo dessa relação para o comportamento de escolha de marcas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: (a) houve uma maior incidência de compras para marcas classificadas com nível de reforço informativo 3, (b) não podemos afirmar que houve maior incidência de uma única combinação de nível de reforço informativo e utilitário, pois o perfil de compra por nível de reforço utilitário variou por participante e por categoria (c) há uma maior coerência entre o relato e o comportamento de compra observado para as marcas classificadas com nível informativo 3, (d) uma grande amplitude de marcas compradas dificulta o relato de conhecimento e costume de compra, (e) uma freqüência de compra menos espaçada (semanal) remete a uma melhor descrição do comportamento de compra (f) o consumidor relata com mais precisão os atributos do produtos (reforço utilitário) das marcas classificadas com nível de reforço informativo 3 do que as de nível informativo 2 e 1 e (g) houve uma maior correspondência entre o relato de compra e a compra efetiva, em primeiro lugar, para a categoria de Detergente líquido, seguida pela categoria de Detergente em pó e por último, a categoria de Biscoito Doce

As urban development in the 20th century has become the issue of global concern, more and more new territories have been occupied due to high intensity of the development. International conferences devoted to the regulatory issues of city development held within the current decade (such as HABITAT II held in Istanbul, 1996, ATHENS’98 – in Athens, 1998, URBAN 21 – in Berlin, 2000, and a conference in Brussels, 2001, etc) emphasized the majority of developmental aspects including the great focus on the necessity to further form urban structures with the priority of internal city development looking for more effective and more universal functional uses of the territories, restoration of the existing downtown areas and preservation of their original character. As other post-soviet countries, Lithuania has been also facing the need to reorganize various spheres including urban development. Urban territories have been dangerously expanded, especially during the soviet period, due to the increased general city building-up areas, mostly expressed by the territorial expansion rather than gradual and consistent development (by the use of internal reserves of the city). After the restoration of Lithuanian independence, privatisation, changed character of housing construction, return of land and real estate to the previous owners and increasing value of land under the free market conditions remarkably modified the nature of urban development in Lithuania, at the same time revealing the... [to full text]

近年來以物聯網為概念的相關應用已經成為最熱門的議題之一，各國家與企業皆致力於發展其技術以及相關應用。而物聯網的應用範圍十分廣泛，舉凡交通、醫療、電力、物流、家居等都是其應用的範圍。亞洲國家於近十年來也紛紛提出相關發展計畫，由此可看出各國對發展物聯網產品之野心與競爭。而台灣政府於2008年開始積極推展智慧家庭政策，端看目前成果，以技術層面而言並非無法達成，但在實際應用與推廣上明顯仍有許多不足之處。因此本研究欲探討使用者對於物聯網相關應用產品的使用動機為何，以智慧家庭為例，先進行相關文獻探討，並以修正式德菲法做為發展ANP專家問卷的基礎，再利用ANP法施行專家問卷，排序出影響消費者使用動機的各項權重，選擇出最符合消費者需求的產品組合，讓開發者能了解在開發與推展智慧家庭相關應用時，應滿足消費者哪些心理層面之動機因素，提升未來發展相關產品時的成功機率。 / In recent years, applications related to the concept of IoT become one of the most popular issues all over the world. Countries and enterprises devote themselves to developing the technique and application related to IoT. The range of its applications is very wide, including transportation, medical treatment, electricity, logistics, and home, etc. Asian countries set forth some development projects in the past decade, demonstrating the ambition and competition between countries in developing IoT products. Taiwan has started to push the development of smart home related applications since 2008. After development for some years, insufficiency in actual implementation and diffusion remains given our technological advantage. Therefore, this research intends to study the motivation for users to use IoT products taking smart home as an example. First, we study the related literature review and use modified Delphi method to develop the ANP expert questionnaires. Then, we prioritize the weights of consumer’s motives. The result can enable developers of smart home products to understand what kind of consumer motives they should satisfy when developing and promoting smart home applications. This enhances the probability of success for developing related products in the future.

Las acciones promocionales de las diversas plataformas online logran que el usuario considere realizar una compra no esperada. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones sienten temor con respecto al método de pago. Por ello, la mayoría de las empresas tienen certificado de protección de datos para que el usuario confíe en el sitio web y realice el proceso de compra. Estudios anteriores mencionan que las compras generan beneficios de placer a los consumidores online, lo cual hace referencia al valor hedónico. Dichos consumidores son captados por promociones online que incluyen obsequios, puesto que activan los deseos hedónicos. Además, existen usuarios que realizan actividades de compras orientadas a objetivos utilitarios. Dichos consumidores perciben un mayor nivel de riesgo en compras en línea. Por otro lado, existen barreras en las acciones promocionales, ya que algunos usuarios online no están dispuestos a comprar en línea debido a problemas relacionados con la privacidad de sus datos. A partir de ello, se puede interpretar que el comercio electrónico se puede concretar si los consumidores están satisfechos y se sienten seguros en el canal online. La investigación está enfocada en los usuarios que compran promociones de la categoría electrodomésticos en las páginas de ecommerce de los supermercados y tiendas por departamento de Lima metropolitana. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo basado en una muestra de 400 participantes, los cuales mediante una encuesta se les evaluará su experiencia online. / The promotional actions of the various online platforms make the user consider making an unexpected purchase. However, sometimes they are fearful about the payment method. For this reason, most companies have a data protection certificate so that the user trusts the website and performs the purchase process. Previous studies mention that shopping generates pleasure benefits for online consumers, which refers to hedonic value. These consumers are captured by online promotions that include gifts, since they activate hedonic desires. In addition, there are users who carry out purchasing activities oriented to utilitarian objectives. These consumers perceive a higher level of risk in online purchases. On the other hand, there are barriers in promotional actions, as some online users are not willing to buy online due to problems related to the privacy of their data. From this, it can be interpreted that electronic commerce can be achieved if consumers are satisfied and feel safe in the online channel. The research is focused on users who buy promotions in the household appliances category on the ecommerce pages of supermarkets and department stores in metropolitan Lima. The study is quantitative based on a sample of 400 participants, who through a survey will evaluate their online experience. / Trabajo de investigación

Abstracts in English and Venda / Online shopping gained importance with the increase in Internet adoption. The development in the e-commerce industry, with opportunities created for retailers, demanded research on factors influencing online shopping behaviour. The purpose of the study is to determine factors influencing consumers’ behaviour towards online shopping for consumer electronics in Gauteng, South Africa. The study employs a descriptive research methodology involving a quantitative research design. The study adopts a convenience sampling method for collecting data by intercepting individuals in Cresta Mall in Johannesburg and Sunnypark Shopping Centre in Pretoria. Self-administered, printed questionnaires were distributed, and data were collected from 207 respondents. This research followed the correct protocol for administering surveys, questionnaire design, measures to ensure data integrity and appropriate analysis strategy, providing reliable and valid research. The data were subjected to factor analysis and the descriptive statistics were also conducted. The parametric, independent sample T-test and Analysis of variance tests were employed for hypothesis testing. The study results suggested that demographic, utilitarian and hedonic factors affect consumers’ online shopping behaviour. This study concludes that demographic factors affect online shopping consumer behaviour traits of electronic goods. It also found statistical differences amongst demographic factors, against hedonic and utilitarian factors. The study also tested whether utilitarian values influence consumer behaviour towards online buying of electronic goods, concluding the existence of a significant relationship between utilitarian values towards online shopping behaviour. Lastly, the study determined if hedonic factors influence consumer behaviour when shopping online. It is concluded that hedonic factors influence consumer behaviour when shopping online. Findings of this study provide a positive contribution to e-commerce research in South Africa by assessing practices of online consumers and factors influencing online shopping adoption. The study recommends further longitudinal research concerning customer behaviour towards online shopping while supporting further studies to focus on the identified factors influencing online shopping. / Ku xava eka inthanete ku vile ka nkoka ku ya hi engetelo wa inthanete. Nhluvukiso eka swa indhasitiri yo xava hi inthanete, ni ku tumbuluxiwa ka miintirho ka vaxavisi, ndzavisiso wa swilo swo kucetela mahanyelo yo xava hi xielekitironiki. Nkongomelo wa dyondzo leyi i ku kumisisa swilo leswi kucetelaka mahanyelo ya vatirhisi loko va xava eka inthanete switirisi swa xielekitironiki eGautengi, Afirika-Dzonga. Dyondzo yi tirhisa endlelo ya ndzavisiso wo hlamusela hi ku hlawulekisa ku katsa na dizayini ya ndzavisiso wa nhlayonhlayo. Dyondzo yi tirhisa endlelo ra kahle ro sampula ku hlengeleta data hi ku vutisisa vanhu emolweni wa le Joni wa Cresta na Senthara ya Sunnypark yo Xava ePitori. Swivutiso leswi u swi lawulaka, no swi kandziyisa swi hangalasiwile, na swona data yi hlengeletiwile ku sukela ka 207 wa vavutisiwa. Ndzavisiso wu landzelerile maendlelo yo hetiseka ku lawula milavisisontsongo, tidizayini ta swivutiso, swipimelo ku endlela leswaku data yi va hi xiyimo xa kahle na xitirateji analysis lexinene, lexi nyikaka ndzavisiso lowu kamberiweke no khorwisa. Data a yi fanele ku analayiziwa na nhlayonhlayo wo hlamusela hi ku hlawulekisa wu endliwile. Mimbuyelo ya ndzavisiso yi nyikile miehleketo ya leswaku nhlayonhlayo ya vanhu na swilo swa utilitarian na hedonic swi khumbaka mahanyelo ya vatirhisi yo xava emolweni hi xielekitironiki. Dyondzo leyi yi gimeta leswaku swilo swa nhlayo ya vanhu hinkwavo swi khumbanaka mahanyelo yo xava tinhundzu Ku kumeka na ku hambana ka nhlayonhlayo exikarhi ka nhlayo ya vanhu hinkwawo mayelano na timhaka ta hedonic no tirhiseka. Dyondzo yi kamberile loko mikoka ya swithirisiwa yi kucetela mahanyelo ya vanhu eku xaveni ka tinhundzu hi xielekitironiki, no gimeta vukona bya nkoka wa vuxaka exikarhi ka mikoka yo tirhiseka ka mahanyelo yo xava hi xielekitironiki. Xo hetelela, dzondzo yi kumisisa loko timhaka ta hedonic ti kucetela mahanyelo ya vatirhisi loko va ri ku xaveni hi xielekitironiki. Ku gimetiwile leswaku timhaka ta hedoniki ti kucetela mahanyelo ya vatirhisi loko vax ava hio xielekitironiki. Leswi swi nga kumeka ka dyondzo swi na xiave xa kahle ka ndzavisiso wa e-commerce eAfirika-Dzonga hi ku xopaxopa mintolovelo ya vatirhisi ya xielekitironiki na timhaka to kucetela ku tirhisa ku xava ka xielekitironiki. Dyondzo yi bumabumela ku yisa emahlweni na ndzavisiso wa longitudinal mayelana mahanyelo ya vashavi eka ku xava hi xielekitironiki na ku seketela ku yisa emahlweni tidyondzo to kongomisa ka timhaka to kucetela ku xava eka inthanete. / Business Management / M. Com (Business Management)

The new EU omnibus directive mandates that companies must now show the lowest previous price of a product. In a behavioral experiment, we investigate whether this affects consumers’ willingness to buy. We also test for gender differences in consumers’ willingness to buy when being exposed to the lowest previous price. Today gender-stereotypical norms like Girl math are present on social media. Hence, it is highly relevant to understand if these gender differences in consumer behavior exist and why. In the experiment, we also observe whether the effect of previous lowest price differ depending whether the good in question is hedonic or utilitarian and on the consumer’s level of information ignorance. The experiment was conducted online, where participants made a series of purchasing decisions. The participants were assigned to be either in a control or a treatment group, where the treatment group was exposed to the lowest previous price. Results from t-tests and OLS regressions indicate a negative effect on willingness to buy when consumers are exposed to the lowest previous price, with no difference between men and women. However, general willingness to buy in the experiment differed between genders regardless of the lowest previous price, suggesting that differences in shopping behavior are mainly due to varying attitudes towards purchasing decisions. Hedonic goods are less affected by the lowest previous price compared to utilitarian goods and the effect on willingness to buy when exposed to the lowest previous price is decreasing with increasing financial ignorance, which may be due to individuals ignoring information rather than being affected by decision inertia. / Den skärpa Prisinformationslagen innebär att företag nu måste ange tidigare lägsta pris på en vara. I ett beteendeexperiment undersöker vi om detta påverkar konsumenters köpbenägenhet. Vi testar även om det finns könsskillnader i köpbenägenhet vid exponering av tidigare lägsta pris. Idag finns det könsstereotypiska normer som växer fram på sociala medier, därför är det ytterst relevant att förstå om dessa könsskillnader i köpbeteenden finns och varför. I experimentet observerar vi även om effekten av tidigare lägsta pris på köpbenägenhet skiljer sig åt beroende på om varan i fråga är för nytta eller nöjes skull samt konsumentens nivå av informationsignorans. Experimentet genomfördes online där deltagarna skulle göra en rad av köpbeslut. Deltagarna blev antingen indelade i en kontroll- eller behandlingsgrupp, där deltagarna i behandlingsgruppen blev exponerade för tidigare lägsta pris. Resultaten från t-tester och OLS-regressioner indikerar på att det finns en negativ effekt på köpbenägenheten när en konsument exponeras för tidigare lägsta pris. Denna effekt skiljer sig inte mellan män och kvinnor. Däremot skiljer sig den allmänna köpbenägenheten i experimentet mellan män och kvinnor, oberoende av tidigare lägsta pris, vilket tyder på att skillnaderna i köpbeteende huvudsakligen beror på olika attityder vid shopping och köpbeslut. Hedoniska varor påverkas mindre än utilitariska varor av tidigare lägsta pris, samtidigt som ökad finansiell ignorans leder till en lägre påverkan på köpbenägenhet vid exponering av tidigare lägsta pris vilket kan kopplas till att individer ignorerar information snarare än drabbas av beslutströghet.