Comment définir ce que l’on appelle communément la «calligraphie» telle que celle-ci est pratiquée en Asie de l’est, et notamment au Japon ? Voilà la question première qui a motivé notre travail. L’éducation « calligraphique » fait partie des programmes de l’école japonaise depuis la fondation du système scolaire moderne. Dans la mesure où plus de quatre-vingt-dix pourcent des enfants poursuivent désormais leur scolarité jusqu’au lycée, on peut penser que le type d’enseignement reçu à travers ces années d’études contribue à former l’idée que la population se fait de la « calligraphie ». Aussi avons-nous décidé d’aborder notre sujet de réflexion en observant comment l’État définissait l’éducation « calligraphique » à travers les programmes scolaires. Dans le prolongement de travaux précédents, nous avons d’abord examiné la période déterminante de l’occupation américaine, envisageant les rapports de force des divers acteurs engagés dans l’élaboration des curricula. Nous avons ensuite analysé en détail les versions successives des directives éducatives nationales. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé aux choix effectués par les concepteurs des programmes entre « calligraphie » utilitaire et artistique. / How can we define what is commonly called “calligraphy” in the Asian context, and in particular, in Japan? That is the basic question from which our research started. “Calligraphy” education has been included in school curricula since the foundation of the modern school system in Japan. Today, more than ninety percent of Japanese children go through senior high-school. Therefore, we can assume that the education received during these school years influence the way the people apprehends calligraphy. For that reason, we chose to study the definition of calligraphy as elaborated by the Japanese State through the school programs. Continuing the work we had already done in that field on the pre-war era, we first took a close look at the period of the American Occupation, examining the struggle between the different parties involved in the design of the curriculum. We then proceeded with a thorough analysis of the successive versions of the National course of study, focusing particularly on the choices made by curricula designers, between utilitarian and artistic calligraphy.

Dans de nombreuses mégalopoles, la progression de la part modale du vélo, par ailleurs soutenue grâce à des politiques publiques, crée un intérêt grandissant pour la sécurité des cyclistes qui représente un véritable enjeu de santé publique. La plupart des études sur le sujet utilisent des données officielles issues des forces de police. Cependant ces données sous enregistrent les cyclistes et tout particulièrement les victimes d'accidents seuls. En France, une étude menée sur le Registre médical du Rhône, quasi exhaustif en termes de chutes et de collisions à vélo, a permis d'estimer qu'un cycliste a 8 fois plus de chances d'être victime d'un accident, par heure passée sur la route, qu'un automobiliste. Cette même étude identifie un sur-risque d'accident chez les femmes. Partant de ces constats, ce travail de thèse propose une image complète de l'accidentalité à vélo qui prend en compte les facteurs d'accidents identifiés dans la littérature et propose de comprendre comment le comportement du cycliste interagit avec eux. L'objectif de nos travaux est de décrire les configurations d'accident corporel pour proposer des actions en sécurité primaire ou secondaire. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une enquête auprès de 3337 cyclistes accidentés en 2009-2011 et identifiés dans le Registre des victimes d'accidents de la circulation du Rhône. Sur la base d'un taux important de répondants, les analyses descriptives améliorent la connaissance en accidentalité cycliste, certains facteurs d'accidents étant scrutés pour la première fois par notre enquête. A la suite des différentes analyses, le rôle du sexe du cycliste dans l'accident est apparu incertain, justifiant une étude approfondie des accidents à vélo à travers le prisme du genre. Dans un ultime volet, nous proposons un ensemble de mesures et d'idées visant l'amélioration de la sécurité des déplacements cyclistes ainsi que des perspectives de recherche en accidentalité à vélo qui combleraient les lacunes du travail proposé / In many major cities, the growing modal share of cycling, mainly supported by public policies, raises the issue of cycling safety. Most of the existing work on this topic is based on police data. However, these data underreport cyclists, especially the victims of single accidents. In France, a recent study based on the Rhône road trauma registry, a medical database covering almost all cyclist falls or collisions, considers that a cyclist is 8 times more likely to be injured than a driver by hour spend on a road. The same review also reveals an increased risk of crash for women. Based on these observations, this thesis comes up with a full picture of cycling accidents, taking into account accident factors identified in the literature. The proposed work offers a better understanding on how the cyclist’s behavior interacts with them. It aims to describe accident configurations to propose preventive primary and secondary safety actions. To do so, we surveyed 3337 cyclists injured in 2009-2011 and identified in the Rhône Road Trauma Registry. Based on a significant response rate, descriptive analyses improve existing knowledge in cycling safety, some accident factors being examined for the first time in our survey. Following these analyses, gender roles were unclear, justifying an intensive investigation on cycling accidents through the prism of gender. In order to achieve this goal, we select the 44 accidents on utilitarian trips and built a logistical regression model to explain the likelihood that the victim is a woman. All factors being equal, when a injured cyclist had a load on his bike, did not know the route, fell ascending or descending a curbside, it is more likely that the victim is a woman. Conversely, the probability for the victim to be a men increases if the cyclist’s speed is one of the accident factors. These results are confirmed and illustrated analyzing textual data on accidents stories. The last part is dedicated to a proposal of a set of actions and ideas aiming at improving cycling safety. Some research perspectives are proposed to address the weaknesses of the thesis work

Detaljhandeln är en marknad som är under ständig utveckling och möts av nya utmaningar. Den hårda konkurrensen driver de verksamma till att arbeta med butiken och dess miljö som en konkurrensfördel. Det satsas och investeras årligen i stora ombyggnationer av butiker där detaljister planerar, bygger, förändrar och kontrollerar organisationens fysiska miljö utan att i många fall fullt förstå hur det påverkar ”användare” av miljön. Baserat på vad som skapar värde för konsumenter vid köptillfället kommer de ställa olika krav på butiksmiljön och således påverka hur de upplever det totala shoppingvärdet. Det blir därför viktigt att definiera konsumentens värdedimension för att också förstå butiksmiljöns betydelse och påverkan.Den hedonistiska värdedimensionen som syftar till emotionella värden så som underhållande och trevlig shopping har fått större utrymme inom detaljhandeln. Detaljisternas ökade strävan av en hedonistisk butiksmiljö som fokuserar på inspiration och upplevelse i butik har medfört att det utilitaristiska värdet fått mindre utrymme, en inriktning mer fokuserad på en behovsstyrd och funktionell konsumtion. Lite forskning har gjorts kring den utilitaristiska värdedimensionen samtidigt som många människor lever utifrån en alltmer hektisk livsstil vilket tycks innebära ett ökat behov av bekvämlighet och effektivitet i de sammanhang där de kan erhålla eftersökta varor.Studiens syfte är att undersöka och analysera betydelsen av butiksmiljön och dess faktorer för konsumenter vid utilitaristisk konsumtion. Studien ämnar också besvara hur detaljister genom butiksmiljön kan skapa värde för konsumenter vid utilitaristisk konsumtion. Då det krävs ens djupare förståelse för den utilitaristiska värdedimensionen och hur den påverkar konsumenternas uppfattning om vad som skapar värde för dem i butiksmiljö har studiens empir samlats in genom fokusgrupper. För att skapa förståelse för mönster och beteenden samt för att förebygga en spretig datainsamling har fokus riktats mot en typ av produkt. Då underkläder betraktas som en utilitaristisk produkt och som oftast exponeras i en hedonistisk miljö föreföll det vara en lämplig och intressant produkt att använda som undersökningsfall. Då underklädesavdelningen för kvinnor har större variation av produkter och modeller än den manliga avdelning, samtidigt som de oftast har större utrymme i butik styrdes urvalet mot underkläder för kvinnor. Fyra fokusgrupper genomfördes med kvinnor i åldrarna 23-59 år.Studiens resultat visar att butiksmiljön blev mindre viktig för konsumenter vid utilitaristisk konsumtion. Konsumenter lägger större fokus på att uppnå sitt köpmål och hitta efterfrågad produkt än upplevelsen i butik. Butikens förmåga att tillhandahålla och erbjuda rätt utbud av produkter var av störst betydelse för konsumenter vid utilitaristisk konsumtion. Det var också av stor betydelse att faktorerna i butiksmiljön underlättar och effektiviserar köpprocessen genom en tydlig layout och varuvisning, tillgänglig personal samt genom en lugn och behaglig miljö. Vid utilitaristisk konsumtion kan detaljister således skapa värde för konsumenter genom att främst erbjuda rätt produkter men också genom att skapa en tydlig layout, struktur, ha tillräcklig bemanning samt sträva efter en butiksmiljö som satsar på funktion framför inspiration. / The retail industry is a market experiencing constant change and new challenges. Tough competition pushes companies to work on their store environment in order to attain competitive advantage. Retailers annually make significant investments to plan, build, change, and control the organizations’ physical environment, and in many cases, without understanding how it truly affects the actual “users” of the environment. Based on the consumers’ preferences and value at the time of purchase they will generally have different requirements of the store environment and how they experience and evaluate it. As a result, it becomes important to define the consumers value dimension in order to understand the importance and effect that the physical environment has on the consumer.Whereas the hedonic store environment has gained more recognition, where inspiration and experience is in focus, few studies have been done on the utilitarian value which focuses on the needs-driven and functional consumption. At the same time people tend to have an increasingly busy lifestyle where an increased need of convenience and efficiency where they make their purchase is sought after. This study aims to increase understanding of the importance of the store environment and its factors in utilitarian consumption. The study intends to examine how retailers, through their store environment, can create value for consumers with a utilitarian value dimension.To be able to answer the research questions it requires a deeper understanding of the utilitarian value dimension and how it affects consumers’ view of what creates value for them in the store environment; the study is therefore conducted through focus groups. To understand consumers’ patterns and behaviors and to prevent a too wide data collection the study focuses on only one product. As underwear is considered a utilitarian product that people use on an everyday basis and mostly is exposed in a hedonistic environment; it appeared to be an appropriate and interesting product to use. In general, the women’s lingerie department will show a wider assortment of products than the respective department for men; as a result, the sample of the study was tilted towards underwear for women. Four focus groups were conducted with women in an age range of 23-59.The result of the study revealed that the store environment became less important to consumers with a utilitarian value dimension. Consumers put more focus in achieving their goal of a purchase and finding the requested product than what they experience in store. A store’s ability to provide and offer the right range of products was of the greatest importance for consumers when it comes to utilitarian consumption. It was also of great importance that the store environment provided possibilities for the consumers to make the purchase process efficient by providing a clear layout, simple exposure of the products, service and creating a calm and comfortable environment. In utilitarian consumption retailers can create value for consumers by offering the right products, creating a clear layout and structure, have sufficient staffing and aim for store environments that focus on function rather than inspiration.This thesis is hereinafter written in Swedish.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1-90.pdf: 2856798 bytes, checksum: 6f5c31b1d579767535755311c5e9c560 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has the purpose to analyze service journalism in two cases of Brazilian print media: the newspaper Folha de São Paulo and the magazine Veja, including the magazine Veja São Paulo. The intention was to understand how service journalism, also named as utilitarian genre or utilitarian species, is present in actual print journalism. Firstly, a bibliographic revision was made on this journalism production mode. Then, an exploratory research was made on the service journalism material, published on the studied objects. Thirdly, a quantitative study was made on formats and types of the utilitarian genre on those media vehicles, in editions selected in the year of 2008. And at last, through semi-open interviews with editors from Veja magazine and Folha de São Paulo, it intended to understand the reasons that subside the editorial decisions on behalf of that journalistic kind. The analysis showed that this journalistic genre has been present since it started to be published, until today. It has been noticed that there are six formats; Marques de Melo had already identified four of them, and two, identified in this research, were considered hybrid genres.(AU) / Esta pesquisa tem o propósito de analisar o jornalismo de serviço em dois casos da mídia impressa brasileira: o jornal Folha de S. Paulo e a revista Veja, incluindo a revista Veja São Paulo. O que se buscou foi entender como o jornalismo de serviço, também denominado de gênero utilitário ou espécies utilitárias, está presente no jornalismo impresso atual. Em um primeiro momento realizou-se revisão bibliográfica sobre esta modalidade de produção jornalística. A seguir, fez-se uma pesquisa exploratória sobre o material de jornalismo de serviço publicado nos objetos estudados. Em terceiro momento, foi efetuada uma abordagem quantitativa dos formatos e tipos do gênero utilitário nesses veículos em questão, em edições selecionadas no ano de 2008. E, por último, através de entrevistas semi-abertas com editores da Veja e da Folha de S. Paulo, pretendeu-se entender os motivos que subsidiam as decisões editorais a respeito de tal modalidade jornalística. A análise revelou a presença deste gênero jornalístico desde o início da publicação desses veículos até os dias atuais. Contatou-se a existência de seis formatos, sendo quatro deles já identificados por Marques de Melo, e dois identificados nesta pesquisa, que foram considerados como tipos híbridos de gêneros.(AU)

Esta tese focaliza a formação do campo literário direcionado a crianças e jovens, em Mato Grosso e perfaz o surgimento de um cânone contemporâneo. Para isso, adotamos os estudos teóricos de Bordieu (1996, 2012) e Candido (2000). As implicações do postulado teórico desses críticos foram valiosas, a partir do momento que nos permitiu perceber a posição do autor literário e avaliar o valor e a pertinência de suas obras em determinadas configurações sociais. Primeiramente, apresentamos um estudo sobre a História da Literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense, a partir dos primeiros textos literários direcionados a esse público, publicados em periódicos como A Juventude (1916 a 1917), ou em jornais escolares como O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) e O Liceu (1930), os quais foram responsáveis por ações e pela representação da criança dentro desse universo da escrita. Além disso, foram mapeadas mais de 70 obras infanto-juvenis para se chegar a um primeiro quadro de 26 (vinte e seis) publicadas por editoras em Mato Grosso. Levamos também em conta as obras de autores que publicaram fora do Estado como Antônio de Pádua e Silva e Aclyse de Mattos. Análises mais profundas foram feitas a partir do que consideramos marcos da produção local, a saber: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), primeiras obras da literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense após a divisão do Estado, e Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem Sol (2000) e Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), representativos da produção contemporânea. Foram verificadas as tendências estéticas, os temas, as formas e os recursos visuais que moldaram essas obras, assim como a incidência dos níveis estéticos e utilitários. Suporte teórico fundamental, neste último capítulo, são os estudos de Mendes (1994), necessários para detectar os nossos parâmetros de análise. A conjunção da História e da Crítica literária, embasada nas análises de obras direcionadas ao público infanto-juvenil, é a força motriz deste estudo / This thesis is concerned with the formation of the literary field directly to children and young in Mato Grosso and, make up the beginning of a contemporary canon. With this view, we adopt the theoretical studies of Bordieu (1996, 2012) and Candido (2000). The implications of the theoretical postulate of these scientists were valuable which allowed us to recognize the position of literary author and estimate the value and relevance of their works in certain social settings. Foremost, we present a study about the History of Mato-grossense childrens Literature, from the first literary texts directed to this audience, published by periodic like A Juventude (1916 to 1917) or in school newspaper like O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) and O Liceu (1930), they were responsible for actions and for the representation of the child within this writing universe. Furthermore, were mapped more than 70 children and youth works to achieve to the first chart with 26 (twenty-six) printed by publishers in Mato Grosso. We also consider the works that their authors have published in other place out of state like Antônio de Pádua e Silva and Aclyse de Mattos. Deeper analysis were made from what we consider mark of the local production, videlicet: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), first works of the mato-grossense childrens literature after the separation of the State and Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem sol (2000) and Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), typical of contemporary production. The aesthetics trends, themes, forms and the visual features which shaped these works were verified, so well as the incidence of aesthetics levels and utilities in these productions. Fundamental theoretical support. In the last chapter, there are the studies of Mendes (1994), required to detect our analysis parameters. The conjunction of the History and the Book review, grounded in the analysis of works directed to children and youth, is the driving force of this study

Abstract Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration. Bachelor of Science with Specialization in Marketing – Main Field of Study: Business Administration. School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University, Course Code 2FE21E, 2018 Title: From Bags to Boxes: A Study of the Consumers Perception of Value in Online Fashion Retail Sales Authors: Nadine Bolm, Betty Hartigan Supervisor: Michaela Sandell Examiner: Åsa Devine Background: Online retail sales has been growing steadily since the late twentieth century. Fashion, as a segment of the online marketplace, is the largest market in cyberspace and as new companies are combined with old ones who want to establish a presence online, competition is stifling. As more companies offer fashion in the online world consumers behavior evolves with this new reality and customer-perceived value shifts as the consumers values in their transactions shifts. In order to gain and maintain a strong consumer base companies need to know what the variables are that make up customer-perceived value in hopes of affecting it. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between values of utilitarian nature, those being; monetary savings, convenience, product variety, product information, and customer-perceived value in online fashion retail and to explain the relationship between values of hedonic nature, those being; adventure, gratification, best deal, idea, and customer-perceived value in online fashion retail. Methodology: The research conducted here was an explanatory study to determine how different independent variables related to a single dependent variable. The study was deductive in nature and used a quantitative approach. Independent variables were studied with the use of a convenience sample and self-reporting survey posted online. Statistical analysis was conducted with data collected from 142 valid responses and through the use of validity and reliability methods the data was determined statistically meaningful and valid to test the hypothesis as accepted or rejected.   Findings: The findings of this study show that a new theoretical model was needed to better demonstrate the direct connection between variables that consumers identified as valuable to them in online fashion shopping, had with consumer-perceived value. By examining data collected through online survey it was determined that of the 8 variables, seen as valuable by research into consumer perceived value, 4 would be accepted as such. These 4 variables would become the basis for a new model that explained how consumers develop customer-perceived value. Conclusion: The research explains the relationship the 8 variables selected by previous research for their effect on customer-perceived value. It also provides a model for future research activities or for development of marketing plans with exceptional efficiency and effectiveness in mind. In directly relating each variable to customer-perceived value on its own merit it was found that the variables respondents valued most were of the more practical or utilitarian in nature aside from one, adventure, which possessed the highest level of value of the 8 variables.     Keywords: Customer-perceived value; Utilitarian value; Hedonic value; Online retail; Online fashion retail; Ecommerce; Monetary savings; Convenience; Product variety; Product information; Adventure; Gratification; Best deal; Idea

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-11T12:27:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Borba do Nascimento.pdf: 978431 bytes, checksum: 49c2180e9ca028c507651f91729bc424 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T12:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Borba do Nascimento.pdf: 978431 bytes, checksum: 49c2180e9ca028c507651f91729bc424 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-29 / Plants and animals are used as important medicinal resources by rural communities worldwide. Its uses can result in impact to biodiversity. However studies that seek to understand the interaction between these two resources in the same local medical system are nonexistent. An important tool for this type of research is the utilitarian redundancy model, because it allows us to evaluate how the richness of medicinal resources is distributed among the different therapeutic targets, indicating possible overlapping of use between plants and animals and revealing species that could suffer a higher use pressure. This model also involves issues related to resilience, predicting that therapeutic targets with a smaller arsenal of species would be more vulnerable to changes in local medical systems. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationships between the use of medicinal plants and animals and the traditional medical system of Horizonte, which is an extractive community located in the Environmental Protection Area of FLONA Araripe - Apodi in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. We found that most of the therapeutic targets treated by animal substances are overlapped, i.e., are also treated by plant substances, and these targets concentrate most of medicinal resources. They are perceived as very usual, although considered a little dangerous. This similar behavior of people using medicinal plants and animals reflect in the formation of a common core of knowledge, shared by most of the community. Furthermore, the population considers plants and animals equally effective in curing overlapped therapeutic targets. However, plants are used mostly due to their greater availability. The data also indicates that women have more knowledge about medicinal resources closer to their residential area; a space where they spend more time due to their responsibilities in taking care of the families. On the other hand men know more about medicinal resources related to forests; spaces often more visited by them. This occur because they are responsible for supporting their families, fact that leads them to frequently explore these areas. The results indicate the existence of general patterns related to the use of medicinal resources, in which the energy optimization, perceived priorities, spaces occupied and social functions seem to guide the use, collection and the sharing of knowledge of medicinal plants and animals; attributing greater resilience and adaptability to the local medical system. / Plantas e animais são utilizados como importantes recursos medicinais por comunidades rurais em todo o mundo. Seus usos podem implicar em impactos a biodiversidade, no entanto, trabalhos que busquem entender a interação entre esses dois recursos no mesmo sistema médico local são inexistentes. Uma importante ferramenta para esse tipo de investigação é o modelo de redundância utilitária, por permitir avaliar como a riqueza de recursos medicinais é distribuída entre os diferentes alvos terapêuticos, indicando possíveis sobreposições de uso entre plantas e animais, podendo revelar as espécies que poderiam sofrer maior pressão de uso. Esse modelo implica também questões relativas à resiliência, prevendo que alvos terapêuticos com um menor arsenal de espécies, estariam mais vulneráveis a alterações nos sistemas médicos locais como perda de espécies. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetiva investigar as relações no uso de plantas e animais medicinais no sistema médico tradicional da comunidade extrativista Horizonte situada na Área de Proteção Ambiental da FLONA Araripe – Apodi, no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. Foi encontrado que a maioria dos alvos terapêuticos tratados por animais são sobrepostos, ou seja, também tratados por plantas, sendo esses alvos os que concentram maior riqueza de recursos medicinais. Os alvos que possuem grande acúmulo de espécies em seu tratamento são percebidos como muito frequentes, embora considerados pouco perigosos. Essa tendência semelhante de uso de plantas e animais medicinais pelas pessoas se refletem na formação de um tronco comum de conhecimento bem compartilhado pela comunidade. Além disso, a população considera plantas e animais igualmente efetivos na cura de alvos terapêuticos sobrepostos, no entanto, plantas são mais usadas devido a sua maior disponibilidade. Os dados indicam ainda, que mulheres demonstram conhecer mais sobre os recursos medicinais mais próximos das residências, espaço que as mesmas passam maior tempo devido a sua responsabilidade no cuidado da família, enquanto, que os homens conhecem mais sobre recursos medicinais ligados a floresta, espaço visitado com maior frequência pelos mesmos que são responsáveis por prover o sustento da família, o que os leva a explorar mais essas áreas. Os resultados indicam a existência de padrões gerais relacionados ao uso de recursos medicinais, no qual a otimização energética, percepção de prioridades, espaço ocupado e função social, parecem guiar o uso, a coleta e a divisão do conhecimento de plantas e animais medicinais, atribuindo maior resiliência e adaptabilidade ao sistema médico local.

Este trabalho é sobre idéia de governo no pensamento político do filósofo moral e do direito, radical político e teórico constitucional inglês Jeremy Bentham (1748- 1832). Após uma breve exposição dos principais temas e questões exploradas, bem como, dos respectivos momentos da sua vida intelectual, argumento a favor de que é possível extrair da crítica política e jurídica de Bentham a Blackstone alguns elementos da sua concepção de governo e visão sobre a política. Argumenta-se a favor de certa convergência entre as posições de Bacon e de Bentham com relação aos projetos de reforma penal, concepção de governo, métodos de investigação e ontologia da política. Também, é explorada a sugestão de que tal convergência pode ser explicada em virtude dos princípios filosóficos similares adotados por ambos. A principal conclusão é a de que a linha de interpretação discutida pode fornecer uma melhor compreensão sobre as conexões entre a variedade de assuntos explorados nos escritos jurídicos-políticos de Bentham. / This work is about the idea of the government in the political thought of the English utilitarian moral and legal philosopher, political radical and constitutional theorist Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). After a brief exposition of the main themes and questions explored by him and the respective moments of his intellectual life, give evidence it is possible to extract from Bentham´s political and juridical criticism to the Blackstone some elements of his government conception and vision about politics. It is argued in favor of some convergence between Bacon´s and Bentham´s positions concerning legal reform projects, government conception, investigation methods, and political ontology; also, the suggestion that it can be explained by their similar philosophical principles is explored. The main conclusion is that the line of the interpretation discussed can provide a better understanding about the connections among the variety of the issues concerning the government theme explored in the Bentham´s juridical-political works.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-09-01T20:44:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Biagi Almeida Santos.pdf: 1027246 bytes, checksum: 11b58b465b737ee70cfb4bbf52d9cffc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T20:44:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Biagi Almeida Santos.pdf: 1027246 bytes, checksum: 11b58b465b737ee70cfb4bbf52d9cffc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / The use of music as a motivator in store environment has been explored by some researchers over the years (Turley & Milliman, 2000). This research aims to analyze how the effect of congruence of the musical style used in the retail environment affects the consumer behavior. The relationship between behavior and the environment has been studied by psychologists through the discipline of environmental psychology (Donovan & Rossiter , 1982), based on the paradigm Stimulus - Organism - Response , which suggests that environmental cues influence the organism generating a response of approach and avoidance (Mehrabian & Russel, 1974). Atmosphere as a marketing tool is defined as a consciously created space to create certain effects on consumers and influence their purchase decision (Kotler, 1973; Kellaris, 2008). An experiment 2x3 factorial design was conducted to investigate the influence of music in the retail environment on consumer behavior with hedonic and utilitarian motivation, specifically in the model Pleasure, Arousal and Dominance (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982), general evaluation of store and impulse buying. The sample consisted of 271 completed questionnaires. The results were that the consumer with hedonic motivation proved to be more sensitive to environmental stimuli, presenting a more positive response to Pleasure, Arousal and General evaluation of store when congruent music was played. The respondent with utilitarian motivation demonstrated also be influenced by ambient music, but with a smaller effect than the consumer with hedonic motivation. / A utilização da música como motivadora em ambiente de loja tem sido explorada por alguns pesquisadores ao longo dos anos (Turley & Milliman, 2000). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar como o efeito da congruência do estilo musical aplicado no ambiente de varejo interfere no comportamento do consumidor. O relacionamento entre comportamento e o ambiente tem sido estudado por psicólogos por meio da disciplina de psicologia ambiental (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982), baseado no paradigma Estímulo – Organismo – Resposta, que sugere que estímulos ambientais influenciam o organismo gerando uma resposta de aproximação ou afastamento (Mehrabian & Russel, 1974). Atmosfera como uma ferramenta de marketing é definida como um espaço criado conscientemente para criar certos efeitos nos consumidores e influenciar sua decisão de compra (Kotler, 1973; Kellaris, 2008). Foi realizado um experimento de desenho fatorial 2x3 para investigar a influência da música no ambiente de varejo sobre o comportamento do consumidor de motivação hedônica e utilitária, especificamente nas respostas do modelo Prazer, Ativação e Dominância (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982), avaliação geral da loja e compra por impulso. A amostra foi composta por 271 questionários completos. Os resultados encontrados foram que o consumidor de motivação hedônica demonstrou ser mais sensível ao estímulo ambiental, apresentando uma resposta mais positiva para Prazer, Ativação e Avaliação geral da loja quando a música congruente foi tocada. O respondente de motivação utilitária também demonstrou ser influenciado pela música ambiente, porém com um efeito menor do que o consumidor de motivação hedônica.

Rares sont les recherches qui ont analysé le contenu des justifications réalisées à l'issue d'un choix fait à un dilemme moral, choix aux conséquences toujours graves pour autrui. Plusieurs recherches ont montré que le jugement moral était largement intuitif et, de ce fait, était difficilement explicités par les individus. Pourtant, étudier le contenu de ces rationalisations après coup devrait permettre d'apporter des éléments nouveaux sur les relations entre les aspects cognitifs et émotionnels à l’œuvre lors d'une prise de décision moralement difficile. Aussi, le design expérimental de cette étude a consisté à demander à des adultes de fournir un jugement à la suite d'un dilemme personnel (Pont) ou impersonnel (Aiguillage) en expliquant les raisons de l'orientation de leur choix soit par oral, soit par écrit. Plusieurs observables, concernant la nature des arguments (déontologiques et utilitaristes) ainsi que le lexique (émotionnel et cognitif) utilisés, ont été mis au point. L'attente principale de cette thèse est de montrer que ce que disent des adultes à propos de leur choix est fortement dépendant de la nature du dilemme auquel ils étaient soumis, de leur jugement et des contraintes facilitatrices ou non de leur modalité d'expression. Autrement dit, le contenu de leur rationalisation après coup dépendrait largement des conditions dans lesquelles ils les ont produites. / Few studies have analyzed the content of justifications made at the end of a choice facing a moral dilemma, although this choice causes serious consequence for others. Several studies have shown that moral judgments were largely intuitive and, therefore, were hardly explained by individuals. However, studying the content of these rationalizations afterthought is expected to provide new information on the relationships between cognitive and emotional aspects at work in a morally difficult decision. The experimental design of this study was to ask adults to provide a judgment on a personal (Bridge) or impersonal (Switch) dilemma explaining the reasons of the direction of their choice either by oral or in writing. Several observables were developed on the nature of the deontological and utilitarian arguments and the emotional and cognitive lexicon used. The main expectation of this thesis is to show that what adults say about their choice is highly dependent on the nature of the dilemma they were submitted to, on their judgment and on the constraints making their mode of expression more or less easier. In other words, the content of their post hoc rationalization would greatly depend on the conditions under which they were produced. More precisely, the content of justifications produced by 331 participants was analyzed with an analytical grid of the deontological and utilitarian arguments and with Tropes software, enabling two scenarios of automatic counting of the emotional lexicon (EMOTAIX) and cognitive lexicon (COGNITAIX). The results show that individuals do not only produce one kind of argument (utilitarian or deontological).