Características morfológicas, histomorfométricas, ultraestruturais e tridimensionais do ducto deferente de codorna doméstica (Coturnix coturnix) da variedade italiana foram estudadas e descritas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 30 codornas sexualmente maduras, procedentes de um criatório da Fazenda Edgardia de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os ductos deferentes foram coletados, observados e documentados ao longo do ano nas estações de outono, inverno, primavera e verão, e estudados por métodos de macro-mesoscopia, microscopia de luz, microscopias eletrônicas de transmissão (MET) e de varredura (MEV). Cada ducto deferente foi reduzido em três segmentos: proximal ou adepididimal; médio ou justa-renal, e distal ou adcloacal. Os estudos ultraestruturais e tridimensionais se concentraram no segmento médio do ducto. Diferenças marcantes na morfologia foram observadas, incluindo características estruturais e histomorfométricas, sobre os valores médios de altura epitelial, diâmetros tubular e luminal dos ductos deferentes, mensurados durante as quatro estações do ano, sendo mais marcantes as observações feitas no outono, a fase quiescente, e na primavera, a fase ativa, do ciclo testicular anual. Nas fases intermediárias do ciclo, compreendendo os meses de inverno (fase recrudescente), e de verão (fase regressiva), os reflexos da cinética testicular sobre a estrutura do ducto deferente se fizeram notar principalmente nas características subcelulares das células principais do epitélio de revestimento. As observações de MEV confirmaram a variabilidade morfológica do ducto deferente nas estações marcantes do ano (outono e primavera) em termos das fases do ciclo testicular anual. Estes estudos permitiram concluir que esta espécie de ave mostra um padrão circanual no ciclo reprodutivo, influenciando as características morfológicas dos ductos excretores do testículo / The morphological, histomorphometric, ultrastructural and three-dimensional features of the vas deferens of quail (Coturnix coturnix) of the Italian variety were studied and described. For this study were utilized 30 adult sexually active quails taken from the experimental Edgardia Farm of the UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The vas deferens was collected, observed and documented along the year in the autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons, and studied by macro-mesoscopy, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each vas deferens was reduced in three segments: proximal (adepididymal); middle (just the median lobe of the kidney); and distal (adcloacal). The ultrastructural and three-dimensional studies were concentred in the middle segment of the duct. It was verified marked morphologic differences in the vas deferens, including structural and histomorphometric features concerning the middle values of the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameters measured during the four seasons of the year. The observations made in the autumn the quiescent phase and in the spring the active phase of the annual testicular cycle were more evident. In the intermediaries phases of the cycle, i.e., the winter (recrudescent phase) and summer (regressive phase), the influence of the testicular kinetic on the vas deferens structure was noted mainly in the subcellular characteristics of principal cells of the epithelium lining. The SEM observations confirmed the morphologic variability of the vas deferens in the main seasons of the year (autumn and spring) concerning to the annual testicular cycle phases. These studies allowed to conclude that this avian species showed a circunannual pattern of the reproductive cycle, influencing the morphological features of the excurrent ducts of the testis

Orientadores: Sidney Glina, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Palma / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T16:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_LuizCarlos_M.pdf: 1549076 bytes, checksum: f3d6484f2a41fafdf24e583249442169 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Introdução: As operações para correção das hérnias inguinais podem ocasionar lesões nos ductos deferentes levando à infertilidade, sendo que a incidência destas lesões varia de 6,65% a 26,7%. As telas de polipropileno têm sido utilizadas em indivíduos jovens nas últimas décadas. Este material induz processo inflamatório e fibrose adjacente conferindo maior reforço à parede posterior do canal inguinal, entretanto não se conhece claramente a repercussão desta reação sobre a histologia e fisiologia do ducto deferente. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o comprometimento ou não do ducto deferente de ratos expostos à tela de polipropileno. Método: Quarenta ratos, wistar, machos com três meses de idade, foram submetidos à dissecação bilateral dos ductos deferentes seguidos do implante da tela de polipropileno em um dos lados, tomando-se o lado contra-lateral como seu controle. Os animais foram sacrificados após 90 (Grupo I) e 120 (Grupo II) dias de pós-operatório, e os ductos deferentes, epidídimos e testículos avaliados histopatologicamente por microscopia óptica. Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de ?t? de Student e comparação de proporções. Resultados: Houve reação inflamatória tipo corpo estranho em todos os segmentos do ducto deferente exposto à tela e a montante desta, mas em nenhum no lado controle. Não houve obstrução completa do lúmen dos ductos deferentes expostos à tela de polipropileno em nenhum dos animais. O lúmen do ducto deferente apresentou dilatação a montante da tela em relação ao lado controle tanto no grupo I, que apresentou área média de 0,46441 mm², quanto no grupo II, área média de 0,37052 mm², no segmento controle do grupo I a área média foi de 0,2394 mm² e grupo II de 0,20789 mm², e as diferenças entre estes segmentos foram significativas (grupo I: p=0,002 / grupo II: p=0,044). Nos segmentos à montante da tela dos grupos I e II evidenciou-se a presença de espermatozóides no lúmen em 100% dos cortes histológicos, e nos controles de ambos os grupos a presença de espermatozóides ocorreu em 73,68%, sendo estas diferenças significativas (grupo I: p=0,009 / grupo II: p=0,022). A espessura da parede do ducto deferente foi significativamente menor nos segmentos expostos à tela (média de 0,15952 mm / p=4,348E-5) e a montante destes (média de 0,08348 mm / p=9,719E-10) em relação ao ducto deferente controle (média de 0,29968 mm) no grupo I. No grupo II, a espessura média foi de 0,294 mm e 0,1553 mm respectivamente nos segmentos exposto à tela e a montante desta, e 0,3034 mm no controle, apresentando significância apenas entre o segmento a montante da tela e o controle neste grupo (p=0,001). Houve perda do aspecto festonado da mucosa do ducto deferente em todos os segmentos à montante e nenhum no lado controle em ambos os grupos. Nenhum animal apresentou alterações significativas dos epidídimos e testículos, exceto um que apresentou atrofia testicular por provável torção do cordão espermático durante o ato operatório. Conclusão: A tela de polipropileno induz reação inflamatória, a qual resulta em alterações histológicas do ducto deferente que levam à dilatação e represamento de espermatozóides à montante da tela, assim como diminuição da espessura da parede do ducto deferente nos segmentos expostos à tela e à montante dela / Abstract: Background: Vas deferens lesions, leading to infertility, may occur in 6.65% to 26.7% of inguinal herniorraphy. Tension-free herniorraphy using polypropylene mesh, which induces an inflammatory process and adjacent fibrosis, strengthening the posterior inguinal wall, has become very popular. However its histological and physiological effects are not completely known. Objective: This study intended to evaluate the effects of polypropylene mesh in the rat vas deferens. Method: Forty, three-month-old male Wistar rats underwent bilateral vas deferens dissection, followed by mesh implantation on one side. The contra-lateral side was the control. The animals were sacrificed after 90 (Group I) and 120 (Group II) postoperative days. The vas deferens, epididymis and testicles underwent histopathological assessment. Statistics methods used were the ?t? test and the compare proportion. Results: A foreign body reaction occurred after implantation in all animals. Control presented no reaction. The mean lumen dilation in regions before mesh was 0.46441mm² and 0.37052mm², in Group I and II, respectively, and all sections presented spermatozoids. The mean dilation in control rats of Groups I and II was 0.2394mm² and 0.20789mm², respectively and spermatozoids were present in 73,68%. Those differences, between experimental and control animals were significant (group I: p=0,002 / group II: p=0,044). In Group I the average wall thickness of vas deferens segments exposed to mesh was 0.15952mm and the average wall thickness segments before mesh was 0.08348mm while the average wall thickness of control vas deferens was 0.29968mm (p=9,719E-10). In Group II, the mean wall thickness of vas deferens exposed to mesh and before mesh segments was 0.294mm and 0.1553mm, respectively, while the control was 0.3034mm (p=0,001). Mucosal fold loss occurred in all segments before mesh but none in the control. The epididymis and testicles presented no alterations. Conclusion: Polypropylene mesh induces a foreign body reaction with histological alterations in the vas deferens that cause functional obstruction with dilation and spermatozoid repression / Mestrado / Cirurgia / Mestre em Cirurgia

Orientadores: Antonio Marcos Orsi, Sergio Luis Felisbino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:45:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domeniconi_RaquelFantin_D.pdf: 10868266 bytes, checksum: 8bdfe8a912508f6afd1b6131f9f8934e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estudos recentes têm identificado família de proteínas denominadas aquaporinas (AQP), relacionadas à alta permeabilidade de água em várias membranas biológicas. As AQP1, AQP2, AQP7, AQP8 e AQP9 são as principais AQPs identificadas no sistema genital masculino, sendo a sua localização espécie-específica e região-específica. Em vista da importância do fluido luminal na via espermática para a integridade morfofuncional dos espermatozóides, bem como dos componentes que os constituem, tais como a água e proteínas, é importante estudar a distribuição das AQPs ao longo da via espermática. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos principais estudar no cão as AQP1, AQP2, AQP7, AQP8 e AQP9, visando identificá-las e localizá-las, através de imuno-histoquímica e ¿Western blotting¿ na via espermática. No cão, a AQP1 foi notada na rede testicular, ductos eferentes e em vasos, sugerindo sua importância na rápida absorção de fluido testicular. Pela primeira vez a AQP2 foi detectada na rede testicular, ductos eferentes e epidídimo, e a AQP7 no epitélio epididimário e ducto deferente em mamíferos. Porém, o papel funcional dessas AQPs no sistema genital masculino do cão permanece desconhecido. A AQP8 não foi detectada ao longo dos ductos extratesticulares do cão. A AQP9 foi abundantemente expressada ao longo da via espermática do cão, que representa um importante caminho apical para o fluxo transmembrana de água e solutos. Portanto, os resultados confirmam o padrão de expressão espécie-específica e região-específica das AQPs, sugerindo variações de atividades de absorção de fluidos e solutos ao longo da via espermática. O conhecimento destas variações torna-se relevante para estudos clínicos de infertilidade, bem como para tecnologias de reprodução assistida / Abstract: Recent studies have identified proteins called aquaporins (AQP) related to the fast water permeability in some biological membranes. AQPs are small, intrinsic membrane proteins that are present in many cell types involved in fluid transport. AQP1, AQP2, AQP7, AQP8 and AQP9 had been the main AQPs identified in the male reproductive tract, being their localization species-specific and region-specific. In view of the importance of the luminal fluid to sperm maturation and integrity of the spermatozoa, it is important to study the distribution of the AQPs throughout the spermatic way. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the expression of AQP1, AQP2, AQP7, AQP8 e AQP9 in epithelial cells in the adult dog efferent ducts, epididymis and vas deferens, using immunohistochemistry and estern blotting methods to characterize the aquaporins in male reproductive tract. In dog, AQP1 was noted in rete testis, efferent ducts and in vessels in intertubular space, suggesting that AQP1 is important for rapid absorption of testicular fluid. For the first time the AQP2 was detected in rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymis and the AQP7 was expressed in the epithelium epididymidis and in vas deferens in mammals. But its functional role in the male dog reproductive tract, remain unknown. No specific staining for AQP8 was detected in epithelial cells of excurrent ducts in dog testis. AQP9 was abundantly expressed in dog male reproductive tract, in which it is an important apical pathway for transmembrane flow of water and neutral solutes. Thus the results confirm that the AQPs are species-specific and region-specific, suggesting activity variations related with the fluid and solute absorption throughout male excurrent ducts. Investigations of AQP biology could be relevant to clinical studies of the male reproductive tract, as well as to technologies for assisted procreation / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-23T17:57:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Camila Domingos dos Anjos.pdf: 1678010 bytes, checksum: fc61bea8918fef450e39c7005d074af1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T17:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Camila Domingos dos Anjos.pdf: 1678010 bytes, checksum: fc61bea8918fef450e39c7005d074af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / CAPES / The present dissertation seeks to analyse the initiatives of coercion to convert the hindu widows and bailadeiras (dancing girls) in Goa, between 1597 to 1606. We will research the pretentions of royal and ecclesiastical agents to convert and integrate the bailadeiras to a Christian project of colonization, from the decrees issued in the five provincial councils of Goa (made in the chronological cut above), of the legislation contained in the ?Book of the Father of the Christians?, from the royal determinations and from the viceroys of the State of India. We will investigate how the interdependence of the political and religious power favored the issuance of decrees that aimed at homogenizing the local societies, precisely the bailadeiras and the hindu widows from a Christian discipline. / A presente disserta??o busca analisar as iniciativas de coer??o ? convers?o de vi?vas hindus e bailadeiras em Goa, entre 1567 a 1606. Pesquisaremos as pretens?es dos agentes r?gios e eclesi?sticos em converter e integrar as bailadeiras a um projeto crist?o de coloniza??o, a partir dos decretos emitidos nos cinco conc?lios provinciais de Goa (realizados no recorte cronol?gico supracitado), da legisla??o contida no ?Livro do Pai dos Crist?os?, das determina??es r?gias e dos vice-reis do Estado da ?ndia. Investigaremos assim, como a interdepend?ncia do poder pol?tico e religioso favoreceu a emiss?o de decretos que visavam homogeneizar as sociedades locais, precisamente bailadeiras e as vi?vas hindus, a partir de uma disciplina crist?.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Fibromyalgi är en kronisk sjukdom där smärta är en stor del av sjukdomen. 3-5% av världens befolkning beräknas vara drabbade av sjukdomen. Sjuksköterskan ska i omvårdnaden hjälpa patienten att återfå eller förbättra sin hälsa. Smärtlindring är en del av denna process. Det finns inget läkemedel som botar sjukdomen, behandlingen är inriktad på att lindra symtomen. Idag vänder sig många patienter till alternativa behandlingsmetoder för att bli smärtlindrande. Syfte: Att undersöka om TENS och/eller akupunktur har smärtlindrande effekt vid fibromyalgi. Ger någon av metoderna en sänkning på VAS? Är minskningen större vid någon av metoderna?Metod: Studien utfördes som en litteraturstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Resultatet byggde på 11 artiklar som fanns på databaserna CINAHL och Pubmed. Artiklarna granskades och kvaliteten bedömdes med hjälp av en anpassad kvalitetsmall. Resultat: Åtta artiklar handlade om akupunktur och tre om TENS. Studien visade att akupunktur och TENS hade en viss sänkning på VAS. Sänkningen varierade beroende på interventionens längd och var inte signifikant efter 12 veckor. Sänkningen var inte alltid signifikant. Konklusion: Akupunktur hade en större sänkning på VAS än TENS. Det fanns fler artiklar som handlade om akupunktur och fler personer var med i studierna än TENS. Detta bidrar till att sjuksköterskan inte kan rekommendera akupunktur över TENS på grund av att det inte fanns lika många artiklar. / Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread disease which mostly revolves around pain. 3-5 % of the world population is estimated to be suffering from the disease. The nurse’s mission is to help patients to recover and to improve their health. Pain relief is a vital part of this process. Since the disease has no cure, the treatment is instead focused to ease the symptoms. There are many patients that seek pain relief from non-pharmaceutical treatments. Aim: To study if TENS and/or acupuncture have pain relieving effects in patients suffering from fibromyalgia. Do any of the methods a reduction on VAS? Do any of the methods have a larger reduction?Method: The study was a quantitative literature review. 11 articles were found on literature databases (e.g. PubMed and CINAHL). The quality and nature of these articles were assessed through a template. Result: Eight of the chosen articles regarded acupuncture as a treatment option and the rest regarded TENS. The study showed that both acupuncture and TENS caused a reduction on the VAS. The decrease was dependent on the duration of the treatment and was proven to be nonsignificant if treated longer than 12 weeks.Conclusion: Acupuncture caused a larger reduction on the VAS than TENS. Though more articles regarding acupuncture as a treatment were used and these studies were performed on larger populations than the studies regarding TENS. Thus, the nurse may not recommend acupuncture over TENS as a treatment option for fibromyalgia.

Chronic surgical denervation of the rat vas deferens leads to an enhanced contractile response of the tissue to norepinephrine in vitro. Norepinephrine produces a higher rate of protein kinase C translocation to the particulate fraction of denervated tissues as compared with the paired, control vas deferens. Diacylglycerol generation in response to norepinephrine and contractile responses to phorbol diacetate were not altered by chronic denervation of the vas deferens. However, the contractile response to norepinephrine in these tissues was less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine. A potential role of protein kinase C in sensitizing the contractile apparatus to mobilized calcium in denervation supersensitivity is discussed.

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating contractile responses in the rat vas deferens was studied. Phorbol-12,13-di-acetate (PDA) in the presence of 20 mM K+ elicited a concentration-dependent response with an EC50 of 190 nM. The non-PKC activator 4α-phorbol (2 μM) was unable to elicit contraction in 20 mM K+ buffer. Incubation of rat vas deferens with the PKC inhibitor iso-H7 (30 μM) attenuated the response to norepinephrine (NE) ane neurokinin A, with maximal effects depressed to 42 and 39% of control, respectively. Responses to 60 mM K+ and 2 μM PDA (20 mM K+) was also significantly inhibited by iso-H7. In the presence of 2 μM PDA and 20 mM K+, the NE concentration-effect curve was shifted 3,6-fold to the right of the control curve in a parallel manner. 4α-Phorbol (20 mM K+) at the same concentration did not produce this effect. These results suggest a significant role for PKC in the contractile response of the rat vas deferens.

VAS-skalan är ett instrument som gör det möjligt att överföra subjektivaupplevelser hos patienter till en objektiv bedömning som hjälp för vårdpersonal.Syftet är att undersöka användningen av VAS-skalan bland sjuksköterskor påopererande vårdavdelningar. Metoden är en enkätstudie och resultatet presenterasi antal. Urvalet utgjordes av samtliga sjuksköterskor (n = 30) som arbetar på tvåavdelningar. Detta urval är så kallat icke-slumpmässigt och kan benämnasbekvämlighetsurval. Huvudresultatet är att flertalet respondenter använder VASskalan.Det vanligaste användningsområdet är vid smärtbedömning ochdokumentationen av användandet i patientjournalen är vanligt förekommande.Studien kan betraktas som en pilotstudie på grund av den lilla mängdendatamaterial vilket innebär att den kan ligga till underlag för en större framtidastudie. Resultatet kan inte anses vara generaliserbart för populationen och därmedinte överförbart till andra verksamheter. Studiens slutsatser bör därför betraktasmed försiktighet / The VAS-scale is an instrument which makes it possible to translate the subjectfeeling into an objective estimate to assist healthcare personal. The purpose is toinvestigate the frequent use of the VAS-scale among nurses at surgical wards. Thechosen method is a survey and the result is presented in numbers. Participantsselection included all nurses working at two surgical wards (n = 30). This is nonerandomizedselection and could be named as a comfortable selection. The mainresult is that frequent use is common among those nurses included in the study.The most common use of the VAS-scale is in pain treatment and documentationin patient’s charts is frequent. Due to the low amount of data this study could beproclaimed as a pilot study which means that it can be used as a background forfurther studies. The result can not be generalizeable to the nurse’s population andtherefore is not transferable to other fields of action. The conclusions of this studyshould therefore be considered with caution.

Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse. Människor tolererar och hanterar smärta på olika sätt, upplevelsen i sig är inte jämförbar. Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde är att behandla och förebygga smärttillstånd. VAS-skalan är en smärtskattningsskala som ger viktig kunskap om hur patienten upplever smärta och det hjälper därmed sjuksköterskan i det dagliga arbetet för patienters välbefinnande. Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie är att belysa sjuksköterskors inställning och tillämpning av smärtskattningsskalan. Elva sjuksköterskor anställda på ett lasarett i södra Sverige deltog i studien. Materialet bearbetades utifrån en manifest innehållsanalys där två huvudkategorier och sju underkategorier skapades. Resultatet sorterades under två huvudkategorier, (a) sjuksköterskors inställning till VAS skalan och (b) sjuksköterskors tillämpning av VAS-skalan. Studiens resultat visar att det finns både positiva och negativa aspekter på VAS-skalan. Skalan anses inte kunna täcka en helhetsbedömning utav patienters smärta utan behöver kompletteras med observation och en fysiologisk kroppsundersökning för att få en helhetsbild av patientens smärtupplevelse. Instrumentet betraktas ha en del brister men anses vara det bästa som finns i dagsläget. / Pain is a subjective experience. People tolerate and handle pain in different ways; the individual experiences are not compatible by themselves. The responsibility of the nurse is to treat and prevent states of pain. The VAS-scale is an evaluative scale of pain, which presents important knowledge of how the patient experiences pain, hence helps the nurse in the daily pursuit of patients well-being. The aim of this qualitative interview-study is to shed light upon the attitude of the nurses regarding this evaluative scale, and the usage thereof. Eleven nurses, all employed at a hospital in the South of Sweden, participated in the study. The result was processed and analysed with means of a manifest content analysis, where two main categories and seven subcategories were created. The results were sorted under the two main categories: (a) nurses attitude toward the VAS-scale, and (b) nurses application of the VAS-scale. The results present both positive and negative aspects of the VAS-scale. The scale is not considered to sufficiently cover a complete evaluation of the pain, but is in need of complementary observations and physiological examinations to receive a complete picture of the pain experience of the patient. The instrument is regarded to have flaws but also to be the best available tool at present.