A afinidade significativa entre as reflexões de Giambattista Vico e a poesia de Fernando Pessoa são objeto dessa pesquisa pois há uma correlação entre o poeta criador de heterônimos e o pensador da História, filósofo da natureza humana. Vico resgatou dos antigos egípcios que a humanidade passou por três etapas de evolução: idade dos deuses, dos heróis e dos homens. Entretanto há uma inovação: tudo começou ao mesmo tempo. Em um desenrolar espiralizado, a História evolui em constantes retornos: a essa sequência de estágios Vico chamou de História Ideal Eterna, crivada pelos cursos e recorrências. O objetivo da atual pesquisa é evidenciar que os heterônimos representam a síntese poética da História Ideal Eterna. Como fundamento do estudo temos A Ciência Nova, obra-prima do autor italiano, a qual discursa a respeito do mito como a primeira forma de ciência dos povos arcaicos e sobre o axioma verum ipsun factum. Primeiramente se aborda a época de Vico, sua vida e a formação nos estudos, para se compreender a postura contrária à perspectiva cartesiana. Explana-se a teoria viconiana que distingue quatro tipos de conhecimento: Ciência, Consciência, Verdades Universais e Conhecimento Histórico. Constata-se que o pensador napolitano tinha fundamentos cabíveis para sustentar suas asserções, haja vista que antecipou a antropologia moderna. A partir dessa constatação percebe-se que encontramos na História uma disciplina de apoio na análise literária. Por outro lado, apesar de ser autor do século XX, Pessoa é eterno na história ideal da literatura e sua imortalidade fez-se na construção de poetas que perfazem uma humanidade inteira. Caeiro, Reis e Campos não devem ser lidos separadamente e sim na relação entre eles pois são unidade que se complementa em um desdobrar cíclico que reproduz a evolução da consciência humana. O paralelo entre a vida de um sujeito da raça humana e a própria humanidade se estabelece formando uma visão poética dos elementos da narrativa histórica. O homem arcaico possuía grande poder de sentidos e fantasia corpulenta, por isso tomando o cuidado para não se deixar levar por cristalizações nota-se que os versos de Caeiro remetem à poesia do concreto, como a linguagem e o pensamento dos primeiros homens que viam as coisas com o deslumbre da primeira vez. Reis é a aristocracia que corresponde à segunda idade, a dos heróis, da solenidade do espírito épico contido na Ode. Campos é o poeta das recorrências, da barbárie, da idade dos homens e da civilização ocidental. Concluise que os heterônimos assim como as três idades são um ciclo no sentido de que formam uma sequência de cursos e recorrências. Paradoxal como tudo em Pessoa porque temos um primeiro, um segundo e um terceiro que se originam todos juntos, concomitantemente. A perspectiva viconiana confirma que os heterônimos apresentam uma aparente diversidade porém o mundo deles constitui de fato um uni-verso. Encontram-se também novas possibilidades de leitura para a poesia dos heterônimos. / The significant affinity between the reflections of Giambattista Vico and the poetry of Fernando Pessoa is the object of this research because there is a relationship between the poet, the man who created heteronyms, and the other man who was the philosopher of History and Human Nature. Vico has reclaimed from the ancient Egyptians that the mankind went through three stages of evolution: the age of gods, age of heroes and the age of men. Meanwhile he brings an innovation: it all began in the same time. In a spread out in spiral form, the History evolves into steady returns: this sequence of stages Vico called Ideal Eternal History, pierced by courses and recurrences. The goal of the current research is to highlight that the heteronyms is the poetic synthesis of the Ideal Eternal History. As a basis of this study we have The New Science, the Italian authors masterpiece, which discusses about the myth as science of the archaic peoples and the axiom verum ipsum factum. It first addresses the time of Vico, his life and training in studies, to understand the opinion against Cartesian perspective. For that the Vicos theory is explained, it distinguishes four types of knowledge: Science, Consciousness, Universal Truths, and Historical Knowledge. It appears that the Neapolitan thinker had reasonable grounds to support their assertions, given that anticipated modern anthropology. From this observation we find in History a discipline which gives support in literary analysis. In spite of being an author of twentieth century, Pessoa is eternal in the ideal history of Literature and its immortality was made in the construction of poets who make up a whole humanity. Caeiro, Reis and Campos should not be read separately, but in the relationship between them because they constitute a unit that complements one another, in a cyclical unfolding that reproduces the evolution of the human consciousness. The parallel between the life of a subject of the human race and mankind itself is settles forming a poetic vision of the elements of the historical narrative. The archaic man possessed great power of senses and stout fantasy so being careful not to get carried away by crystallization we notice that the verses of Alberto Caeiro refer to concrete poetry as the language and thought of the first man who saw things with the dazzle of the first order. Ricardo Reis is the aristocracy to which corresponds the second age, the heroes, the solemnity of the epic spirit contained in Odes. Finally Álvaro de Campos is the poet of recurrences, of the barbarity and the age men of the epistolary Western civilization. It is concluded that the heteronyms as well as the three ages are a cycle in the sense that forms a sequence of courses and recurrences. Paradoxical as everything in Pessoa because we have a first, a second and a third that originate all together, simultaneously. The viconian\'s perspective confirms the heteronyms feature an apparent diversity but their world is in fact a uni-verse. We find also new possibilities to reading the poetry of heteronyms.

Este trabalho investiga a concepção de História do filósofo setentrista italiano Giambattista Vico. Ele baseia-se na leitura da principal obra de Vico, Scienza Nuova (1744), assim como na leitura de três outros livros do autor: Autobiografia, Il Metodo Degli Studi Del Tempo Nostro e Dell Antichissima Sapienza Italica. Nosso objetivo é descobrir e descrever o que Vico chamou de Historia Ideal Eterna, uma concepção renovada da História Humana. / This work investigates the Eighteenth Century Italian philosopher Giambattista Vicos conception of History. It is based on a reading of Vicos main work Scienza Nuova (1744), supported by a reading of three other books from the author: Autobiografia, Il Metodo Degli Studi Del Tempo Nostro and Dell Antichissima Sapienza Italica. Our aim is to discover and also describe what Vico called Ideal Eternal History, a renewed conception of Human History.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-19T10:47:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Eduardo Mendes Gonçalves.pdf: 851987 bytes, checksum: c4df8a282e4d2fdea144946fff4655dd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T10:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Eduardo Mendes Gonçalves.pdf: 851987 bytes, checksum: c4df8a282e4d2fdea144946fff4655dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / After situating Vico in the Naples of his time and in relation to the questions of modern rationality, as well as carrying out an exercise of philosophical reflection seeking the understanding of the worldview of Vico, this piece of work aims at making explicit the ethic that underlies his work as an ethic of teleological character which privileges the practical life, evidencing a concern for what man can and should do of himself, notwithstanding the guardianship of a divine providence in a cyclical history. However, within the advent of the "age of men," it is verified a process of unfoldment of the human nature in which the development of the individual starts to dictate the development of the community; at the same time, the predominance of abstract rationality dissociated from other human faculties – such as imagination – leads to a preponderant literality in the interpretation of mythology, which pervades the doctrines of religions, moving man away from piety, with the consequent loss of both social cohesion and the human sense of the world. Hence, man decays in the age of the gods, submitting himself to heteronomy in the face of the eternal ideal history. It is identified with the present thesis, therefore, the "master key" indicated by the Napolitan himself with the imagination that underlies poetic wisdom, the application of this interpretative key of the method of his work – the new critical art – is extended to the solution of the pretended paradox between the autonomy and the aimed happiness by a teleological ethic and the cyclical repetition of the eternal ideal history / Após situar Vico na Nápoles de seu tempo e em relação às questões da racionalidade moderna, e realizar um exercício de reflexão filosófica para a compreensão da cosmovisão viquiana, objetiva-se explicitar a ética que subjaz em sua obra como uma ética de caráter teleológico e que privilegia a vida prática, evidenciando uma preocupação para com o que o homem pode e deve fazer de si mesmo, nada obstante a tutela de uma providência divina numa história cíclica. Entretanto, no advento da “idade dos homens”, verifica-se um processo de desdobramento da natureza humana em que o desenvolvimento do indivíduo passa a ditar o desenvolvimento da comunidade; ao mesmo tempo, a predominância da racionalidade abstrata dissociada de outras faculdades humanas, como a imaginação, conduz a uma literalidade preponderante na interpretação da mitologia, que pervade as doutrinas das religiões, afastando o homem da piedade, com a consequente perda da coesão social e perda do sentido humano do mundo. Daí, o homem decai na idade dos deuses, submetendo-se à heteronomia face a história ideal eterna. Identifica-se com a presente tese, então, a “chave mestra” indicada pelo próprio Napolitano com a imaginação que fundamenta a sabedoria poética, estende-se a aplicação dessa chave interpretativa do método de sua obra – a nova arte crítica – para a solução do pretenso paradoxo entre a autonomia e a felicidade objetivada por uma ética teleológica e a repetição cíclica da história ideal eterna

Avvikelser i ett byggprojekt leder till bland annat förseningar. De kan även leda till för tidigt avslutadeaktiviteter. Oavsett blir detta ett problem då kontraktstiden för underentreprenörer är bestämda.Vad detta betyder är att blir en underentreprenör färdig för tidigt kommer det finnas en tidbuffert itidplan mellan färdig- och nästa aktivitet. Detta anses som en kostnad eftersom det inte utförs någotarbete. Blir en underentreprenör sen med färdigställande av en aktivitet blir detta ocksåproblematiskt då detta skjuter fram aktiviteter på den kritiska linjen. Förutsatt att de aktiviteternaligger på den kritiska linjen. Det ska förtydligas att fler former av avvikelser finns. Bland annatfelleverans, försenad transport, oförutsedda hinder under produktion m.m. En metod att åskådliggöra avvikelser tidigt efter initiering är att kontinuerligt under produktion följaupp aktiviteter med hjälp av mängdgrafer. Mängdgrafer är diagram som visar byggd mängd pertidsenhet och kumulativ byggd mängd. De ger en visuell bild över hur produktionen ligger till inuläget och med hjälp av dessa kan beslut fattas om ändringar i produktionen för att projektet skatidsmässigt åter hamna i fas. Mängdgrafer kommer i tre former. Planerade-, aktuella- &prognostiserade mängdgrafer. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur BIM-verktyg under projektering kan stödja ettprojekt under produktion genom att förutse avvikelser. Ifall avvikelser upptäcks tidigt kan resurserjusteras eller arbetstider ändras för att projektet färdigställs enligt tidplan. Studien visar att mängdgraferna kan utvecklas relativt enkelt men det krävs väl genomtänktplanering och struktur på arbetet. Det rekommenderas att samordna en bra arbetsmetod för helaarbetet från början till slut genom att ha en samordnare som styr över modellen men också andratjänstemän som känner till programmet tillräckligt bra för att stötta och avlasta samordnaren vidbehov. Studien visar också att det är viktigt att modellutvecklare levererar modellen med bra ochstrukturerad namnbeteckning för objekten. Detta för att enklare kunna koppla KPI-tal till korrektmängdgraf. CoClass-klassifikationssystem (projektnamn BSAB 2.0) borde ligga till grund förnamngivning av objekt. / Deviations in a construction project lead to delays. They can also lead to prematurely completed activities. In any case, this will be a problem since the contract period for subcontractors is determined. What this means is that if a subcontractor completes its task prematurely, there will be a time buffer in the timetable between completed and next activity. This is considered a cost because no work is being done. If a subcontractor completes an activity late, this is also problematic as it displaces activities on the critical line. If the activities are on the critical line. It should be clarified that more types of deviations exist. Including delivery, delayed transport, unforeseen obstructions during production, etc. One method of avoiding deviations is to continuously monitor production activities using quantity take-off graphs. These graphs are charts showing built-up amount per unit of time and cumulative built-up amount. They give a visual picture of the state of production, and from there, decisions can be made about changes in production so that the project will follow the time schedule again. Quantity take-off charts come in three forms. Planned, actual & forecast quantity take-off graphs. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate how BIM tools during design phase can support a project under production phase by predicting deviations. If deviations are early discovered, resources can be adjusted or working hours changed to complete the project according to time schedule. The study shows that the quantity graphs can be developed relatively easily, but well thought out planning and structure are required. It is recommended to coordinate a good working method for the entire work from start to finish by having a coordinator who controls the model but also other officials who know the program well enough to support and relieve the coordinator if necessary. The study also shows that it is important that model developers deliver the model with a good and structured designation of object. This is easier to connect KPI-numbers to the correct quantity takeoff graph. CoClass classification system (project name BSAB 2.0) should be used as the basis for naming of objects.

This analysis of apocalyptic rhetoric brings nine generations of the written text of the Johannine Apocalypse into a contemporary (1989-1994) framework which includes phenomena such as self-determination, mutual interdependence and psychoterror. The discussion is mediated by disciplines and backgrounds of Religion and Literature. The critical method is religio-literary. Literary themes from the Johannine Apocalypse, especially themes of annihilation, torment, blessedness and rapture, structure the discussion. These themes are related to ideas of self-determination such as were proclaimed at the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights (UNWCHR), Vienna, 1993. The discussion questions the axioms of self determination, especially the matter of indivisibility which came to issue during UNWCHR, Vienna, 1993. Some policies and practices of the Australian government's human rights activities are discussed. Attention is then redirected to the Johannine Apocalypse as a polyvalent source of apocalyptic ideation and a source of social empowerment.

This analysis of apocalyptic rhetoric brings nine generations of the written text of the Johannine Apocalypse into a contemporary (1989-1994) framework which includes phenomena such as self-determination, mutual interdependence and psychoterror. The discussion is mediated by disciplines and backgrounds of Religion and Literature. The critical method is religio-literary. Literary themes from the Johannine Apocalypse, especially themes of annihilation, torment, blessedness and rapture, structure the discussion. These themes are related to ideas of self-determination such as were proclaimed at the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights (UNWCHR), Vienna, 1993. The discussion questions the axioms of self determination, especially the matter of indivisibility which came to issue during UNWCHR, Vienna, 1993. Some policies and practices of the Australian government's human rights activities are discussed. Attention is then redirected to the Johannine Apocalypse as a polyvalent source of apocalyptic ideation and a source of social empowerment.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nous allons etudié dans les pages suivant la genèse du penser poetique et de sa fondamentale participation dans la construction des premières mythes et institutions. Les récits mythologiques, alors que fruits de l ingéniosité et de l imagination, ils représentent, fantastiquement, les traces laissées par l homme dans ses realisations historiques. Par la métaphore, l ancienne bête sauvage commence le processus de signification des choses du monde, et avec l originel peur des rayons cherche refuge dans leurs projetions et fantaisies. Ceux qu avant parcouraient la bois ne deplacé que par leurs pulsions sensibles, maintenant ils brûlent les forêts et contemplent la lumière numineux de la divine providence, source de la réglementation qui conduit le primitive a la grotte e a la fixation. Installés dans leurs grottes, les gentiles ont donné les premières pas dans la conception de ses mariages solennels et, en misant les limites dans ses domaines, qu ils ont suscité son respect pour les morts. Nous ferons une analyse des principales divinités qui soutiennent la solennité des mariages, et après nous chercheront comprendre la démarcation des frontières du sauvage et du fixé par la construction des tombes. Une analyse d écu d Achille élucidera le context belliquex qui se trouvaient les hommes dans l âge poétique, en figurant l intrinsèque relation entre les champs et les cités, en tant que l obstiné lutte par justice et droits proclamée par les masses subjugées. Enfin, nous faisons spécial attention a l Hercule, personnage que joue l unité du droit aristocratique. Néanmoins, dans la fonction de duple poétique, Hercule aussi semble ouvrir nouveau chemin a l insertion des famoli dans la societé avant exclusif a les héros. Jupiter s abandonne a l enfindélité et Juno jalouse se venge de leurs trahisons. Ainsi, Hercule compléte une triade qu en ensemble constitue le chemin parcouri par les paternels autorités et révèle, parmi les transformations historiques, l ouverture politique donnée par les héros, contrariés, a les famoli indignés. / Investigaremos nas páginas que se seguem a gênese do pensar poético e de sua fundamental participação na construção dos primeiros mitos e instituições. As narrativas mitológicas, enquanto frutos da engenhosidade e da imaginação, retratam, de modo fantástico, os rastros deixados pelo homem em suas realizações históricas. Pela metáfora, a antiga bestafera inicia o processo de significação das coisas do mundo e, com o originário temor dos raios, busca abrigo em suas projeções e fantasias. Aqueles que antes vagavam movidos apenas por seus impulsos sensíveis, agora queimam os bosques e contemplam a luz numinosa da divina providência, fonte reguladora que conduz o primitivo às cavernas e à fixação. Instalados em suas cavernas, os gentios deram os primeiros passos na concepção de seus solenes matrimônios e, já colocando limites em seus domínios, despertaram seu respeito pelos mortos. Faremos, então, uma análise das principais divindades que amparam a solenidade das núpcias e, logo em seguida, buscaremos entender de que forma a construção dos sepulcros delimitava as fronteiras do que era selvagem e do que já se mantinha fixado. Uma análise do escudo de Aquiles elucidará o contexto bélico em que se encontravam os homens na idade poética, figurando a intrínseca relação entre os campos e as cidades, assim como a constante luta por justiça e direitos proclamada pelas massas subjugadas. Por fim, daremos atenção especial a Hércules, personagem que representa a unidade do direito aristocrático. Porém, na função de duplo poético, Hércules parece também abrir caminho para a inserção dos famoli na sociedade antes exclusiva aos heróis. Júpiter se entrega aos adultérios e Juno, ciumenta, se vinga de suas traições. Deste modo, Hércules completa uma tríade que, em seu conjunto, compreende o caminho percorrido pelas potestades familiares e revela, em meio às transformações históricas, a abertura política cedida pelos heróis, a contragosto, aos famoli revoltosos. / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador : Hermas Gonçalves Arana / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T22:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guido_HumbertoAparecidodeOliveira_M.pdf: 9569058 bytes, checksum: 5b0d790d0ee3fdd0c751648e6113a066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: A Filosofia Moderna foi o ponto de partida desta investigação. Para isto foi importante investigar também as raízes do pensamento moderno através da abordagem do humanismo renascentista. Esta primeira parte do trabalho tem a finalidade de oferecer o ambiente cultural em que viveu Giambattista Vico (1668-1744). Vico dedicou-se aos estudos da história, do direito natural e da filologia, .relacionando estes vários campos do saber na filosofia. Seu objetivo era demonstrar as várias fases de desenvolvimento idade. da mente humana e aquilo que era próprio a cada A linguagem poética é a expressão de um saber pré reflexivo, anterior ao raciocínio.lógico. Esta forma de linguagem é própria de uma sabedoria também poética, momento em que a percepção e a imaginação atuam com maior intensidade intelecto humano. A linguagem poética é a base sobre a constrói o conhecimento lógico. sobre o qual se Passando dó campo histórico para o campo epistemológico, a linguagem poética é própria das crianças e dos adolescentes, ela é o caminho para se chegar à reflexão filosófica durante a juventude. Para os modernos, as discussões no campo da linguagem estavam diretamente ligadas às novas formas de escolarização e, aos respectivos' métodos pedagógicos que surgiam em meio às mudanças sócio-econômicas. A reflexão sobre a linguagem oferece novos elementos para repensarmos a influência dos métodos modernos sobre o pensamento pedagógico atual, bem como distorções sofridas por estes métodos ao longo dos séculos / Mestrado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Mestre em Educação

According to the national climate policy framework adopted by Riksdagen (the Swedish parliament) 2017, Sweden should reach zero net emissions of greenhouse gases in 2045. For this to be successful, the construction and real estate industry, which annually accounts for one fifth of Sweden’s territorial greenhouse gas emissions, needs to minimize its emissions. One step towards reducing the emissions is to track and quantify them and that is why in 2022 a new law will come in to force that requires the developer to make climate declarations on all new buildings. This study has investigated how and when climate calculations of planned buildings should be carried out in order to be as beneficial as possible. Furthermore, the study examined material choices and emission allocation in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by the construction process. A building information model (BIM model) of an educational building which is planned to be built, served as a case study for this project. The BIM model was imported to a spreadsheet program in order to create three different versions of the building in three common framing materials; wood, concrete and steel. A list of all used building components, construction resources and associated quantities was produced and exported for each model. The list was imported to a climate calculation tool, based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), to manually link the construction resources with their corresponding LCA data. General waste fractions and general transport scenarios were entered for each construction resource. Theresults showed that the wooden frame model emitted 28 %less carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) than the concrete frame model and 22 % less than the steel frame model. The wood frame itself generated a 54 % less greenhouse gas emissions than the concrete frame and 45 % less than the steel frame. Concrete and insulation were the two resource groups that caused the greatest climate impact in five out of six cases. The production of the building components caused 88–90 % of the total climate footprint for all three models. Transport of the building components to the construction site and resource waste at the construction site both caused between 4–6 % of the climate impact in all models. The study also found that the climate calculations should be carried out as soon as the general architectural model of the building is created, in order for the calculations to serve as a decision basis in the project planning where design choices are made. The price for the climate calculations at an early stage in the construction process is low because the BIM model is relatively simple and therefore the calculations are not time-consuming. If the climate calculations occur at a later stage of the construction process, the emission figures become more accurate, but the price for the calculations increases. In addition, it is more difficult and much more expensive to make changes at a later stage. Thus, the probability is that the climate calculations will not be used in any decision. Nyckelord

Storytelling is often looked at as something archaic or something that simpler cultures engage in. However, in our sophisticated and highly technological world storytelling swirls about us though we may not always recognize it. This thesis looks at the phenomenon of digital storytelling that functions to create community on the Internet. In order to ground this phenomenon in theory, I examine the works of Giambattista Vico, the 18th-century Neapolitan philosopher/rhetorician, who lived on the cusp of the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment. Furthermore, as a teacher of rhetoric to youth, Vico admonished young people to study the arts of poetry, painting, and oratory. These three arts are part of digital storytelling with the story line, visuals, and voice over. Digital storytelling, therefore, reaches more people because these arts are easily understood and accepted by people of all ages and education. Marshall McLuhan, the 20th-century Canadian scholar was an eclectic critic of technology and culture who anticipated the Internet. McLuhan used Vichian theory as the basis for some of his writings on technology. My study synthesizes and makes connections between McLuhan's writings on technology and the particular technology of digital storytelling. The new technologies bring back a secondary orality as well as more visual communication such as the radio and television in a print saturated culture. Today we are living in a world where writing, the spoken word and music, and visual images blend together in the digital milieu of the Internet. Digital storytelling is just one way that technology is being used to enhance an ancient genre. As one of its goals is to create community, this genre is trying to achieve what McLuhan suggested in the coming together of a global village.