Après avoir traité le viol d'un point de vue anthropologique et juridique nous abordons ce crime d'un point de vue psychologique en mettant en avant que c'est un acte de violence interpersonnelle reconnu comme l’un des événements les plus traumatisants. Il occasionne de multiples conséquences psychologiques et somatiques à court terme, moyen et long termes. Notre travail de recherche vise à mettre en évidence, au cours de l’entretien psychologique avec cinq victimes de viol, les états mentaux que celles-ci attribuent à leurs agresseurs dans leur appropriation subjective de l'événement traumatique. En effet, dans sa quête de sens relative à l’agression sexuelle subie, la victime peut être amenée à rechercher des causes, des raisons au(x) passage(s) à l'acte de l’agresseur. Pour cela, nous analysons les discours des victimes et la structure de leur raisonnement grâce à la logique interlocutoire, méthode d’étude de la pragmatique du discours dialogué / After treating the rape of an anthropological and legal perspective, we approach this crime from a psychological point of view by emphasizing that it is an act of interpersonal violence recognized as one of the most traumatic events. It causes many psychological and physical consequences in the short, medium and long terms. Our research aims to highlight, during the psychological interview with five rape victims, the mental states that they attribute to their attackers in their subjective appropriation of the traumatic event. Indeed, in her quest for meaning of sexual aggression, victim may have to search for causes, reasons for the occurrence of the trauma. For this, we analyze the speech of victims and the structure of their reasoning through the interlocutory logic, study method of the pragmatics of dialogued speech

Magister Educationis - Med / According to Morrison (2007), bullying is considered a critical issue in the Western Cape Schools as well as in South African schools in general. This phenomenon of bullying can affect learners in schools and may lead to several problems such as low esteem, poor academic performance, depression, absenteeism and eventually dropping out of school. In addition, numerous studies in psychology have revealed that physical activity has positive effects on learners, (Ajay, 2011; Shaffer, 2002). This is because it increases self-esteem in learners, boosts confidence and builds the physical, social, emotional, moral and intellectual composition in an individual. This study will aim (1) to determine the relationship between bullying and physical activity among South African learners in one high school in the Western Cape, (2) to measure the frequency of bullying at that high school, (3) to measure the frequency of bully-victimization in the school among South African learners in that high school in the Western Cape, and (4) to establish the level of physical activity by the learners in the high school. This study used a quantitative method and a descriptive survey as research design. The participants were mostly black South African adolescent learners, aged between 14 and 20 years.

This diploma thesis is focused on a domestic violence. This topic was chosen to find out wether or not the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences and Faculty of Economics at the University of South Bohemia have the appropriate knowledge about this topic. The thesis consists of the theoretical and the practical parts. In the theoretical part, we can find a comprehensive overview of the issue of domestic violence. It is focused on the different forms of violence, the personality of the offender and the victim. One chapter is dedicated to organizations that provide help to victims of domestic violence. There is also given a recommendation on prevention, which helps to avoid many things. In the research part, my goal is to find out the differences in recieved information about the issue of domestic violence from the students of the aforementioned faculties. Two hypotheses related to the goal of the thesis were chosen. In the first one, it is believed that the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the University of South Bohemia have more information about domestic violence than the students of the Faculty of Economics of South Bohemia University. In the second one, it is assumed that the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences know the organizations that the victims of domestic violence can turn to, the students of the Faculty of Economics do not know these organizations. Based on the statistical evaluation via chi quadrate test, I managed to confirm both hypotheses. In conclusion, it is clear from the results that the students of the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences have extensive knowledge about this issue. Students of the Faculty of Economics have heard about domestic violence, but greater knowledge about the issue has not been proven. They responded quite differently to various types of questions compared to health and socially oriented students. My work could serve students from different faculties to obtain more professional information about domestic violence issues. At the same time it could be used as a suitable source of information for clients of intervention centers, but also for the general public.

abstract: The purpose of this project is to better understand police perceptions of sexual assault complainants by assessing their likelihood of questioning a complainant’s credibility and by examining police attitudes toward victims of sexual assault. To advance understanding of these issues, this dissertation (1) expands upon prior research by drawing on a sample of officers from one of the largest metropolitan police departments in the United States and, (2) through the use of framing theory, contributes to the literature by focusing on the attitudes of police toward sexual assault complainants and how these beliefs are shaped by day-to-day experiences. This dissertation investigates two research questions using a mixed-methods approach. The data come from 400 sexual assault complaints that were reported to the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and 52 LAPD detective interviews. I quantitatively examine the factors that influence officer perceptions of complainant credibility, focusing on indicators of “real rape,” “genuine” victims, “inappropriate” victim behavior, and “character flaws.” I contextualize this work by examining police attitudes toward sexual assault victims using qualitative data taken from interviews of sex crimes detectives. This research contributes to the broader case processing literature by focusing on victim credibility, a factor consistently found to influence case processing decisions. Moreover, this study contributes to research on the frames officers assign to women who report sexual assault. Analyses from the quantitative portion of the study confirm that indicators of “real rape,” and complainant “character issues” were key explanatory factors influencing credibility assessments. Regarding qualitative results, three sexual assault victim frames were identified. These frames include depictions of victims as they relate to: (a) the suspect/victim relationship, (b) problematic victim behavior, and (c) age. These three frames indicate that certain types of victims are viewed as problematic. This dissertation contributes to three broad bodies of literature: law enforcement decision making, law enforcement perceptions of sexual assault victims, and framing theory. This dissertation was able to tap into officer attitudes to shed light on the ways officers treat women who come forward to report sexual assault, providing valuable insight into officer attitudes, credibility assessments, and victim framing. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

abstract: Many authors have shown that "real victim," "real rape," and traditional gender role stereotypes affect how people attribute blame to victims and perpetrators of sexual assault, and that jury decisions in rape cases are likewise influenced by extralegal factors, such as how much the victim resisted. Most studies only focus on the acceptance of rape myths and stereotypes about female victims, while myths and stereotypes about male victims are largely ignored. It is unknown how female rape myth acceptance (FRMA) and male rape myth acceptance (MRMA) may differently affect victim and perpetrator blame attributions. Whether the juror influences the effect of extra-legal factors on rape perceptions is also unknown. Using a randomized vignette design, the current study investigates 1) the effect of rape myth acceptance and gender attitudes on victim and perpetrator blame attributions, 2) how blame attributions differ by victim gender, level of resistance, and victim-perpetrator relationship, and 3) how the juror role influences the effects of rape myth acceptance and extra-legal factors on blame attributions. Results show that FRMA and MRMA are both positively associated with victim blame and negatively associated with perpetrator blame, that male victims are blamed more than female victims, and that jury membership does not influence the effect of extra-legal factors on blame attributions. Victim resistance and victim-perpetrator relationship also affected rape perceptions in unexpected ways. Implications for rape prevention programing, police and prosecutor decision-making, and jury selection are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2017

abstract: The victim-offender overlap is a widely accepted empirical fact in criminology. While many methodological strategies have been used to study overlap, prior studies have assumed that it is uniform, taking little consideration into the potential differences within the overlap. The larger body of criminological research on pathways to crime suggests that victim-offenders also have variability in their victimization experiences and offending patterns. Not accounting for variation within the overlap has produced inconsistent findings in terms of establishing theoretical explanations for the victimization and offending relationship. Several general theories of crime have merit in their assumptions about the relationship between victimization and offending. Routine activity/lifestyle theory, low self-control theory, and general strain theory offer insight into the overlap. Variables derived from these three general theories are assessed to test their ability to explain a more complex conceptualization of the victim-offender overlap. Using data on 3,341 individuals drawn from four waves of the publically available National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a latent class analysis establishes unique victim-offender overlap taxonomies. A multinomial logistic regression is conducted to test how well theoretically derived variables from three general theories (e.g., routine activity theory, low self-control theory, and general strain theory) predict membership in the unique victim-offender overlap taxonomies. Additional multinomial logistic regressions are run using a split sample analyses to test the invariance of the findings across different social groupings (e.g., gender and race/ethnicity). Comparing the more complex operationalization of the victim-offender overlap with the baseline regression models shows notable differences. For example, depression significantly predicts membership in the general victim-offender overlap group, but when taking into consideration variation within the overlap, depression does not consistently predict membership in all taxonomies. Similar results are found for routine activity/lifestyle theory and low self-control theory. Tests of invariance across gender and race/ethnicity highlight the need to consider how theoretical explanations of the victim-offender overlap differ based on social groupings. Males and females have unique risks and needs and these should be reflected in how routines and negative emotions are measured. The findings underscore the need to consider overlap when studying the relationship between victims and offenders. Implications for theory, future research, and policy are also discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2018

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-24T22:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_CRISTIANO.pdf: 14557157 bytes, checksum: 6c48db0ddca37f0c79a37b2c748c5974 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T22:47:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_CRISTIANO.pdf: 14557157 bytes, checksum: 6c48db0ddca37f0c79a37b2c748c5974 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / This report is the result of a study about the homicide crimes in Feira de Santana between the years 2012 and 2014. The research is based on data collected in the Medico-Legal Institute of Feira de Santana, which were tabulated, organized in graphics and spatialized according to the areas of events and other planned categories such as gender, age of the victims, ethnicity, place of residence and place of death. The study attempts to grasp information about this type of crime, the profile of the victims and produce a spatial distribution of these events by comparing them and dialoguing with research and criminological debates. It was also made an analysis of this information by comparing them with violence map data in Bahia and Brazil. / Este relat?rio ? o resultado de um estudo sobre os crimes de homic?dios praticados em Feira de Santana entre os anos de 2012 e 2014. A pesquisa est? fundamentada em dados coletados no Instituto M?dico-Legal de Feira de Santana, os quais foram posteriormente tabulados, organizados em gr?ficos e espacializados segundo as ?reas de ocorr?ncias e outras categorias planejadas, tais como: g?nero, idade das v?timas, etnia, local da resid?ncia e local do ?bito. O estudo busca apreender informa??es acerca deste tipo de crime, o perfil das v?timas e produzir uma espacializa??o destes eventos, comparando-os e dialogando com pesquisas e debates criminol?gicos. Foi feita tamb?m uma an?lise destas informa??es comparando-as com os dados do Mapa da Viol?ncia na Bahia e no Brasil.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1175803 bytes, checksum: 007ff24a46e6ffe32a7737bb134454ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study is no present the Critical Politic Philosophic of Liberation from Enrique Dussel, analyzing its genesis and evolution and showing the decisive influence of praxis philosophy of Karl Marx for this thinking, especially since the concept of externality, understood as the context where the other reveals himself, where he remains free on your distinct being. The exteriority precisely, is regarded here as the main category of Marx's legacy and fundamental theoretical assumption, which enables the speech Dussel, especially in radical option for the victim, his philosophical thinking brand. Through this, here assumes the thesis that there is a partiality in Dussel by the victim: your thinking is built purposely in favor of the victim. The effort of this work is to show that the choice of the victim shall be the guiding principle for all their thinking as Philosophy of Liberation, through the Ethics and the Politics, coming to the bringing of an Economic Liberation. For this, as a strategic approach, the externality and liberation categories delineate the philosophical analysis to the necessary approach to their theme, by reading the major works of Dussel, in dialogue with the philosophy of praxis Marx. As an extension of the hypothesis proposed, it intends to show how the choice of victim charges the Philosophy of Liberation critical pretense of thought, from three perspectives: through an Ethics of Liberation, as a critical pretense of kindness, from a Politics of Liberation, guided by a political pretense of justice, and an Economy of Liberation, requiring an economic pretense of fairness. Thus, the philosophical work is challenged and provoked by the real need to assist the victim, a requirement of the Latin American people in their path of liberation. In terms of results, beyond the current importance of Marx's thought for the comprehension of reality and the critique of capitalism, emphasizes the relevance of the theoretical and practical of Dussel‟s thoughts to Political Philosophy as a whole, for their contributions in the contemporary scenario, the courage to point toward another society, trans-modern and trans-capitalist, already in progress in collective practices of Living Well. / Este estudo tem por objeto apresentar a Filosofia Política Crítica da Libertação em Enrique Dussel, analisando sua gênese e evolução e mostrando a influência decisiva da filosofia da práxis de Karl Marx para esse pensamento, em especial a partir do conceito de exterioridade, entendida como sendo o âmbito onde o outro se revela, onde permanece livre em seu ser distinto. A exterioridade, precisamente, é tida aqui como a categoria principal do legado marxiano e pressuposto teórico fundamental, que viabiliza o discurso de Dussel, sobretudo na opção radical pela vítima, marca de seu pensamento filosófico. Mediante isso, aqui se assume a tese de que há em Dussel uma parcialidade pela vítima: seu pensamento está construído, propositalmente, em favor da vítima. O esforço deste trabalho é o de mostrar que a opção pela vítima será o fio condutor de todo seu pensar enquanto Filosofia da Libertação, passando pela Ética e pela Política, chegando à propositura de uma Economia da Libertação. Para isso, como estratégia de abordagem, as categorias exterioridade e libertação balizam a análise filosófica para a aproximação necessária com o tema investigado, através da leitura das principais obras de Dussel, em diálogo com a filosofia da práxis de Marx. Como desdobramento da hipótese levantada, intenciona-se mostrar como a opção pela vítima cobra da Filosofia da Libertação uma pretensão crítica de pensamento, sob três perspectivas: através de uma Ética da Libertação, enquanto pretensão crítica de bondade; de uma Política da Libertação, guiada por uma pretensão política de justiça; e de uma Economia da Libertação, exigindo uma pretensão econômica de equidade. Assim, o labor filosófico é desafiado e provocado pela necessidade real de auxiliar a vítima, exigência do povo latino-americano em seu caminho de libertação. Em termos de resultado, para além da importância atual do pensamento marxiano para a compreensão da realidade e a crítica ao capitalismo, ressalta-se a relevância teórico-prática do pensamento dusseliano para a Filosofia Política como um todo, pelas suas contribuições no cenário contemporâneo, pela coragem em apontar em direção a outra sociedade, trans-moderna e trans-capitalista, já em curso nas práticas coletivas de Bem Viver.

Chicane is an up-to-date social problem which very often appears as a hidden phenomenon and it is difficult many times to be revealed and solved subsequently. This Diploma Work points out to the chicane problem area in broader context. The main goal of the Work is to compare the chicane occurrence at primary schools in the regional city and other local towns with population number up to one thousand five hundred inhabitants. A factual investigation focus is based on a long-term cooperation with the SOS Archa Centre which implements preventive programmes at primary schools in Plzeň and the Plzeň Region. Results of the investigation provide a statement of present status of the chicane problem area in the region and at the same time they discover the riskiest group of pupils who a successive intended focus of the preventive programmes shall be aimed at. Theoretical part of the Work defines the term ``chicane{\crqq}, it describes its evolutionary phases, its exposures, characteristics of aggressors and victims as well as possible chicane consequences. Further on, it outlines appropriate steps leading to chicane analysis and its precaution. From the sociology point of view, a quantitative research was carried out and a method of anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. Any obtained data were processed in the way of secondary analysis. Pupils of the first and second stage of two primary schools in the regional city and two primary schools in local towns whose population number is below one thousand five hundred presented an essential file of the research. It resulted from the research there were more children involved in chicane in a smaller town than in bigger one. Herewith the original hypothesis was refuted. The research results showed subsequently that the riskiest group endangered by chicane were boys of the second stage of primary school in local towns. The research will be used by the SOS Archa Centre for targeted and natural integrating of the above preventive programmes of schools.

The thesis describes the issue of transgenerational transmission of violence in families. The thesis is divided in into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical part describes the current state of the issue. The thesis contains several chapters focusing on a general description of violence, its causes and types. I also briefly described victims and perpetrators of domestic violence. The key chapter of the thesis deals with the transgenerational transmission of violence in families, in which I attempted to analyze the topic in detail by using opinions of several prominent authors. In the research part I set my objectives and formulated two hypotheses. The research was conducted among the general public and the respondents were selected at random. The respondents were represented evenly in terms of sex; they had different educational backgrounds and socioeconomic status. The objective of the thesis was to determine to what extent the childrearing models in families are transmitted from one generation to another and to specify which factors affect childrearing patterns. The results of the research part were described and shown in form of diagrams. The results have shown that violence is indeed transferred from one generation to another. The research has shown that most of the respondents do not agree with a childrearing method with a total absence of physical punishment. On the contrary, most of the respondents believed they were able to avoid mental punishment. It has been confirmed that a low socioeconomic status does not affect childrearing patterns. Nowadays the issue is discussed very openly and it is no more viewed as a taboo. However, the related information needs to be presented continually, including new discoveries and findings which might lead to an improvement of the situation. It is necessary to keep advertizing assistance and prevention in this area. Legislative changes are critical in the struggle against violence. A significant contribution to the solution could be the education about the issue as a natural part of curriculums for the helping professions.