La presente investigación se basa en el estudio de la percepción que tienen los usuarios respecto a dos grupos de startups Fintech en el Perú: uno de empresas en edad temprana de vida y otro de empresas consolidadas. El objetivo del estudio es poder proveer de un marco de orientación a los startups en etapa temprana de vida para poder reubicar sus recursos, identificando áreas de alta relevancia para los usuarios, con el propósito de poder implementar estrategias de cocreación de oportunidades que permitan enriquecer la relación entre empresa-cliente. Contrario a las presunciones hechas en instancias previas de la investigación, se comprueba que el nivel de interacción entre empresa y clientes constituye un arma de doble filo, ya que puede ser una señal sintomática de fallos fundamentales en la concepción del servicio. Además, se analiza cuál es el posicionamiento de las empresas estudiadas dentro de la consideración de los clientes y cómo esto repercute en asegurar estabilidad y rentabilidad en las acciones futuras de los startups en edad temprana de vida. Finalmente, se provee de recomendaciones sobre lo que el análisis de resultados propone, así como un paralelo con las tesis sostenidas por los autores, cuyos trabajos fueron usados de referencia para esta investigación. El estudio posee un carácter pionero en la delimitación de un marco de progreso para los startups jóvenes, aunque exhibe limitaciones en la extensión del análisis, puesto que se trabaja con una cantidad reducida de empresas, con propósito de poder mostrar resultados iniciales. / The investigation seeks to provide an effective framework for star-ups in early stage of life to successfully allocate resources in order to accurately address customer wants and needs. This work has been carried on by choosing start-ups from two different groups (early stage and experienced) and comparing customer’s perception on their services. Despite initial conceptions, establishing constant communication with customers is not regarded with the same effectiveness as thought, because it might hint failures and flaws in the way a service is shaped and provided. Moreover, it has been analysed what is the positioning in the imaginary from customer’s perception of the companies chosen to feature in this work, as well as how it affects to ensure profitability and sustainability of a start-up in early stage of life. Finally, recommendations have been provided in order to help young start-ups successfully allocate their resources and make profit of an adequate relationship with their costumers in the Peruvian context, besides proposing a parallel between other author’s works used to develop this investigation. This work shall be regarded as a pioneer in its field studying how young start-ups in Peru can develop from early stages, but must be taken in consideration the limitations of the analysis, given the narrow amount of companies used to build an initial framework. / Trabajo de investigación

Thesis’ background This thesis intends to contribute to the literature gap identifying when connecting the literature on capabilities required for the transition towards circular business models and the literature that investigates the value creation and capture in these business models. Research aim Identifying the key capabilities that facilitate the transition towards circular business models and investigating their use for value creation and capture Methodology A qualitative approach was followed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with four managers working at companies that are experiencing circular business models Findings Eight key capabilities were identified from this research including: (1) Developing the systemic thinking, (2) Managing the circular network,(3) Managing knowledge, (4) fostering open innovation, (5) Understanding customer’s requirement for exploring the wasted value, (6) Designing products for longevity, (7) Innovating in the sale and use phase and (8) managing circular suppliers to close the loops between the end use and the production. Deploying these eight key capabilities with a systemic thinking would enable companies moving to circular business models and creating and capturing economic and non-economic sustainable values.

Bakgrund Internrevisionen i svenska banker är något som ständigt har utvecklats i takt med de förändringar bankerna har genomgått under åren. Funktionen har gått från att vara relativt oprioriterad till att idag vara en viktig hörnsten i svensk bankverksamhet. Denna studie kommer därför undersöka hur internrevision skapar värde i svenska banker. Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur internrevision skapar värde i svenska banker. Metod Studien är kvalitativ och utförs genom en induktiv ansats med deduktiva inslag. Teorier berörande värdeskapande, agentteorin, risk management, intressentteorin med flera lyfts upp i den teoretiska referensramen. Empiriska data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och därefter sker en tematisk analys av detta. Resultat Studiens resultat visar att värdet som upplevs av internrevision i svenska banker är flerdimensionellt. Internrevision skapar värde genom att säkerställa en hög kvalité vad gäller implementering av regelverk och styrning. Funktionen skapar också värde genom att förebygga brister som kan leda till stora sanktioner och förluster i den operativa verksamheten, genom att skapa ett förtroende hos kunder samt genom att skapa en trygghet hos olika intressentgrupper kring att banken sköts på rätt sätt. / Introduction The internal audit in Swedish banks is something that has constantly evolved in line with the changes that the banks in Sweden has gone through during the recent years. The function has gone from being relatively non prioritised to being an important keystone in the Swedish banking sector. This study is therefore going to investigate how internal audit creates value in Swedish banks. Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate how internal audit creates value in Swedish banks. Method The study is qualitiative and is performed through an inducitve approach with some deductive elements. Value-creation, agency theory, risk management, stakeholder’s theory and more are highlighted in the theoretical frame. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interiews and then we applicate a topical analysis. Results The results of the study show that the perceived value of internal audit in Swedish banks is multidimensional. Internal audit creates value by ensuring high quality in terms of implementation of laws and governance. The function also creates value by preventing faults that could lead to big sanctions and losses in the operational business, by creating customer confidence and by creating a security for different stakeholders with the fact that the bank is properly managed.

Beyond simple shopping needs, nowadays consumers are continuously looking for the consumption of new experiences. This contemporary consumer request also unveils inside shopping centers, which as scholars recognize, are shifting functionality towards becoming centers for customer engagement.Following this trend, marketers are continuously looking into new ways to increase offer attractivity and consequently spur customer engagement. Rituals represent a possible new lens to study consumer behaviour inside the mall landscape and disclose new hidden consumers' processes for value creation.By conducting a pre-study with two mall managers, we sensed their perspective of the mall and individuated the challenges of shopping centers future development and new consumer shopping trends. In a second phase, we focused on analysing the consumer perspective and utilization of the mall by observing their shopping rituals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 consumers constituting of both Young Professionals and families.In conclusion, different types of rituals were individualized and analysed. By applying rituals to the shopping behaviour of consumers inside shopping malls yielded several insights that resulted to be useful for managers and a valuable contribution to academic research. The results show that mall visitors consume specific rituals inside shopping malls depending on both the target groups (young professionals or families) of consumers as well as the mall experience type (seductive, functional, interactive museum or social). Young Professionals tended to be more spontaneous and socially oriented. However, families tended to shop for functional reasons and often have a planned script of their shopping ritual that they follow throughout their shopping journey at a shopping mall.

Ma thèse porte sur les questions liées à la création de valeur et à la capture de valeur dans les écosystèmes d’entreprise. J'explore comment les acteurs à but non lucratif et à but lucratif façonnent ces écosystèmes et leur évolution à travers la conception de relations avec des compléments clés.Le premier chapitre utilise un modèle formel pour étudier comment un acteur à but non lucratif, en interagissant de manière stratégique avec les entreprises, peut faciliter la création de valeur dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement verticales. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les stratégies utilisées par les entreprises pour façonner l'écosystème dans lequel elles se font concurrence et maximiser la capture de valeur. Plus précisément, j’examine la décision des entreprises de rendre leur produit compatible avec de multiples compléments ou de le garder exclusif d’un complément spécifique dans le contexte du marché des médicaments anti-VIH. J'utilise un ensemble de données exclusif sur la consommation de médicaments au niveau individuel, obtenu auprès de l'assurance maladie nationale française, ainsi que des données collectées manuellement sur les essais cliniques de médicaments anti-VIH. Le troisième chapitre jette un pont entre les deux premiers chapitres et explore la manière dont les acteurs à but non lucratif façonnent activement l’écosystème en comparant les essais cliniques sur les médicaments anti-VIH parrainés par des entreprises et par des organismes à but non lucratif.Pour conclure, je cherche à comprendre comment les entreprises peuvent maximiser la création de valeur et la capture de valeur dans les contextes où les produits complémentaires sont importants. Je m'efforce d'inclure les acteurs à but non lucratif en tant que partie intégrante de l'écosystème et de comprendre comment les actions d'acteurs qui ne cherchent pas à maximiser leurs profits affectent les stratégies des acteurs à but lucratif vis-à-vis de leurs compléments. / My thesis focuses on issues related to value creation and value capture in business ecosystems. I explore how nonprofit and for-profit actors shape these ecosystems and their evolution through the design of relationships with key complements.The first chapter uses a formal model to study how a nonprofit actor, by strategically interacting with firms, can facilitate value creation in vertical supply chains. The second chapter studies the strategies that firms employ to shape the ecosystem they compete in and maximize value capture. Specifically, I look at firms’ decision regarding whether to make their product compatible with multiple complements or keep them exclusive for a specific complement in the context of anti-HIV drug market. I use a proprietary individual-level dataset on drug consumption obtained from the national French healthcare insurance and hand-collected data on clinical trials of anti-HIV drugs. The third chapter bridges the first two chapters and explores how nonprofit actors actively shape the ecosystem by comparing firm-sponsored and nonprofit-sponsored clinical trials on anti-HIV drugs.To conclude, I seek to understand how firms can maximize value creation and value capture in the contexts where complementary products are important. I strive to include nonprofit actors as an integral part of the ecosystem and understand how the actions of actors who do not seek to maximize profit affect the strategies of for-profit actors towards their complements.

Sammanfattning Denna studie undersöker användarnas upplevelser av en digital strategi och vilka värden somanvändarna upplever skapas av en digital strategi vid ett internationellt entreprenadföretag iSverige. Dessutom undersöker studien hur en digital strategi bidrar till hållbart byggande. För att samla data användes semi-strukturerade intervjuer som den primäraforskningsmetoden. Medarbetare inom produktionsfasen på företaget Skanska valdes ut för atterhålla kunskap och insikter om deras digitala strategi. Detta för att få en förståelse avanvändarnas upplevelse av att använda de digitala verktygen och de värden de ser attverktygen skapar. Valet av semi-strukturerade intervjuer gjordes för att möjliggöra flexibilitetatt ställa följdfrågor och uppnå en djupare förståelse för specifika aspekter. Resultaten av studien visade att en digital strategi vid ett internationellt entreprenadföretag kanutifrån användarnas upplevelser bidra till betydande mervärde genom att minska kostnader,öka effektivitet och förbättra kvalitet. För att maximera värdet av digitala verktyg är det avstor vikt att involvera medarbetarna, erbjuda adekvat stöd och utbildning samt skapaanvändarvänliga verktyg. Dessutom kan en digital strategi främja hållbart byggande utifrånrespondenternas upplevelser genom att integrera miljöaspekter i digitala verktyg och program.För att jobba mer mot ett hållbart byggande så bör en tydlig sammanbindning skapas mellanmiljö och digitala verktyg samt främja effektiv hantering av resurser och användning avförnybar energi. På detta sätt kan digitalisering bidra till att göra produktionen energieffektivoch nå nettonollutsläpp. / Abstract This study examines users' experiences of a digital strategy and the values that users perceiveto be created by a digital strategy at an international construction company in Sweden. Additionally, the study investigates how a digital strategy contributes to sustainableconstruction. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary research method to gather data. Employees involved in the production phase at Skanska, the selected company, were chosen toobtain knowledge and insights about their digital strategy. This was done to gain anunderstanding of users' experiences in using the digital tools and the values they see the toolscreating. The choice of semi-structured interviews was made to allow flexibility in askingfollow-up questions and to achieve a deeper understanding of specific aspects. The results of the study showed that a digital strategy at an international construction companycan, based on users' experiences, contribute significant added value by reducing costs,increasing efficiency, and improving quality. To maximize the value of digital tools, it iscrucial to involve employees, provide adequate support and training, and create userfriendlytools. Furthermore, according to the respondents' experiences, a digital strategy can promotesustainable construction by integrating environmental aspects into digital tools and programs. To further advance sustainable construction, a clear connection should be established betweenthe environment and digital tools, while promoting efficient resource management and the useof renewable energy. In this way, digitalization can contribute to making production energyefficientand achieving net-zero emissions.

This thesis focus lies on the topic of business ecosystems and their use for digital firms in their internationalisation. The aim is to investigate the value creation and capture process for digital firms through the perspective of business ecosystems. For this endeavour, different concepts such as the born digital theory, key interlinked internationalisation process theories and business ecosystems theory are described throughout the literature review. Other models of previous researchers are used as a foundation to render an own created framework that is more applicable to the scenario and combination of the three aspects this paper investigates. The knowledge gap defined by the authors is about adding new insights on the ecosystem perspective in international businesses by exploring the value creation and capture process of born digitals. Furthermore, it will display the bottlenecks and benefits deriving from a business ecosystem. This leads to the research questions investigating the utilisation of business ecosystems for value creation and capture in internationalisation of digital firms, as well as the bottlenecks and benefits that come with it. For the empirical data collection to receive insights on the research questions and successfully draw conclusions, semi-structured interviews were conducted within the scope of a multiple case study. In addition, secondary data from various authors and experts in the respective research areas were used to bedrock the findings.As the results of the study showed, business ecosystems are greatly appreciated and utilised by digital firms. Moreover, they create value for them and let them strive in many ways, such as focusing on their core business, to succeed and be able to enter new markets. This is only possible with the cooperation of the various actors in the business ecosystem. Nevertheless, there are also severe bottlenecks that have been brought to light that reach beyond what has been present in the literature and considered by other scholars, as well as benefits that keep them competitive. Furthermore, this study provides managerial implications on how to deal with the liability of outsidership and smallness, and for the policy implications, that policymakers should be aware of global and political issues, and their impact on businesses.

This thesis examines some factors that play a role in creating new opportunities for service innovationwithin the context of budget hotels, and aims to identify the various factors that characterize servicelogic in practice. The research question aims to explore the conditions that are required to develop astructured service innovation process at Good Morning hotel, which ultimately influences thecustomer experience. The study employs a qualitative research approach and collects data throughin-depth interviews from different perspectives, including management, staff, and customers, to gaininsights into their perceptions and their experiences of service logic. Through a deeper understandingof service logic, Good Morning Hotel can identify new ways to deliver value to its customers.The findings of this study suggest that there are divergent views regarding the awareness of servicelogic among hotel staff. On one hand, some may be unaware of service logic. On the other hand, astrong culture emphasizing the creation of a positive customer experience has been observed at the hotel.

The development and expansion of cities has led to increased public awareness of the influence of building sustainability on the environment, society, and economy. Green building eases the pressure of urbanization by saving energy, reducing waste, protecting the environment, improving the living standard, and encouraging industry. Consequently, green building has developed rapidly for 20 years. This study reviews the literature on green building, recognizes the stakeholders’ motivations for and barriers to green building development, uses value network analysis, cost–benefit analysis, and case study method for understanding value creation, value sensing, value delivery, and value capturing mechanism of green building to augment the knowledge of green building development for both academics and practitioners. This study proposes an applicable analysis tool. / Business Administration/Finance

The term Newsjacking was popularized by David Meerman Scott in his book “The new rules of marketing & PR” (2020). The author describes this practice as a tool for marketers that consists in turning “a breaking news story” into an advertisement (p. 360). One key element to take into consideration with newsjacking is the necessity for this type of commercials to be broadcasted as early as possible. Indeed, breaking news stories are usually not trending for a long time, and thus need to be shared before the trend starts to generate less interest. This is where social media comes in. Scott (2020) explains they are the main playground for most newsjacking advertisements, because of the speed with which they allow marketers to publish content. A major part of social media users is composed of people from the generation Z (Parry, 2021). They were born between 1997 and 2012 and grew up in a world revolving around social media (Dimock, 2019). Yet, despite the large presence on social media of both newsjacking practices and generation Z consumers, there is no research connecting the two of them. This is the gap we seek to study in this research. To address this research gap, we compare generation Z to another one, namely generation Y. To generate a comparison five case studies were done, all of them featuring a different brand and two of their advertisements, one using newsjacking, and the other not. Six people were interviewed, three from generation Z and three from generation Y. The purpose of comparing two generations is to highlight differences in behavior, so that specific preferences in terms of newsjacking advertising can be assigned to generation Z. This research found that generation Z can indeed be targeted with the use of newsjacking. Yet, they have particular preferences that must be taken into consideration. They favor quick-paced social media platforms, and are more sensitive than generation Y about the ethics conveyed in advertising. Hence, the study provides a framework for how marketing professionals can use newsjacking when trying to reach out to generation Z consumers.