Allt fler organisationer eftersträvar enhetliga arbetssätt och försöker att uppnå detta genom användandet av affärssystem. Affärssystemsimplementationer är komplexa och tidskrävande projekt och kan försvåras på grund av organisationskultur som betraktas som en kritisk faktor. När organisationer expanderar över landsgränser uppstår utmaningen med att skapa enhetliga arbetssätt trots skilda rådande kulturer, vilket leder fram till frågeställningen: ”Hur påverkar skilda organisationskulturer affärssystemsimplementationer i internationella organisationer?“. Denna studie baseras på intervjuer med anställda på ett internationellt företag som vid tillfället höll på att implementera ett nytt affärssystem i syfte att uppnå enhetliga arbetssätt. Diskursanalys användes för att analysera respondenternas tal med utgångspunkt från de fyra kulturtyperna i Competing Values Framework (CVF) för att identifiera hur kulturella skillnader och likheter påverkar affärssystemsimplementationen i en internationell organisation. Studien resulterar i att skilda organisationskulturer både underlättar och försvårar affärssystemsimplementationen. En av slutsatserna är att skilda organisationskulturer kan påverka tiden för en affärssystemsimplementation beroende på vilken typ av organisationskultur som avdelningen har. / Organizations today strive to achieve common work ways and try to do so by using enterprise resource planning systems (ERP). ERP-implementations are complex and time-consuming projects and can be affected by organizational culture which is seen as a critical factor. However, when organizations choose to expand to other countries the challenge to create common work ways is faced due to different cultures which concludes in the question:”How does different organizational cultures affect ERP-implementations in international organizations?“. This study is based on interviews in an international company, who by the time, was implementing a new ERP-system with the purpose to create common work ways.  Discourse analysis was used to analyze the informant’s answers through the four types of culture in Competing Values Framework (CVF) to identify how the cultural similarities and differences affect ERP-implementation in an international organization. This study shows that organizational culture both simplifies and complicates the ERP-implementation. One of the conclusions is that the ERP-implementation might affect the time needed for a ERPimplmentation depending on which organizational culture the department has.

Sammanfattning Titel:Sjukvårdspersonals syn på arbete och arbetsplats, utifrån organisatorisk- och nationell kultur - En jämförande studie mellan Sverige och Schweiz. Nivå:Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare:Emma Hörnqvist och Sofia Brynte Handledare:Monika Wallmon Datum:Juni 2023   Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att jämföra svensk och schweizisk sjukvårdspersonals syn på arbete och arbetsplats, utifrån organisatorisk och nationell kultur. Detta genomförs utifrån Hofstedes kulturella dimensioner & Competing value framework.   Metod: I studien har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod, där vi genomfört tio semistrukturerade intervjuer och enkäter. Vi valde att använda oss av respondenter som arbetar inom sjukvården men som inte besitter någon ledarroll.    Resultat & slutsats: Resultaten visar på olika faktorer inom nationell- och organisatorisk kultur som påverkar sjukvårdspersonalens syn på arbete och arbetsplats. Schweiz och Sverige uppvisar likheter inom exempelvis vikten av lagar, formaliteter och protokoll för att skapa stabilitet, maskulina drag inom organisationen samt att patientkontakt påverkas av feminina karaktärsdrag. Den största skillnaden mellan länderna är hur medarbetarna behandlas av organisationen. Schweiz fokuserar mer på det anställdas välmående, beskrivet av HR synsättet från CVF, i jämförelse med Sverige.   Examensarbetets bidrag:Studiens teoretiska bidrag grundar sig i vikten att förstå det anställdas syn på arbete och arbetsplats, utifrån nationell- och organisatorisk kultur, oavsett om företaget är vinstdrivande eller inte. Detta påverkar nämligen verksamhetens möjlighet att uppnå gynnsamma resultat. Det praktiska bidraget är att studien visar på en del, av troligtvis många delar, som skulle kunna bidra till framtida utveckling av sjukvården.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning:Vidare forskning kan studera hur existerande konkurrens inom sjukvården påverkar de anställda. Andra kulturella dimensioner kan inkluderas för att se hur det skiljer sig mellan dessa. Vidare studie skulle även kunna studera om liknande mönster kan urskiljas i de andra delarna av Schweiz, andra länder eller specifika avdelningar på sjukhuset, utifrån exempelvis samma teoretiska ramverk.    Nyckelord:Ledarskap, Hofstedes kulturella dimensioner, Competing Value framework, sjukvården, organisationskultur, nationell kultur. / Abstract Title:Healthcare workers' view on work and work environment, through the perspective of organizational and national culture - A study comparing Sweden and Switzerland. Level:Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration.  Authors:Emma Hörnqvist och Sofia Brynte Supervisor:Monika Wallmon Date:June 2023   Aim:A study aiming to compare Swedish and Swiss healthcare workers' view on work and work environment, through the perspective of organizational- and national culture. Executed using Hofstede's cultural dimensions & the Competing value framework.    Method:Qualitative methods were used throughout this study, conducting ten semi-structured interviews and surveys. Respondents currently working within the health sector, and not in a leader role of the organization, were chosen.     Results & conclusions:The results reveal factors within national- and organizational culture affecting healthcare workers view on work and work environment. Switzerland and Sweden show similarities regarding the importance of laws, formalities and following of protocol to maintain stability, masculine characteristics within the organization and that interactions with patients are affected by feminine characteristics. The most distinct difference between the countries is how the coworkers are treated by the organization. Switzerland has a noticeable focus on the employees well-being, described using the HR in CVF, in comparison to Sweden. Contribution of the thesis:Our study's theoretical contributions lean on the importance of understanding the employees´ view on work and work environment, through the perspective of organizational- and national culture. No matter if the organization is revenue driven or not, since it affects the organization´s possibility to achieve favorable results. The practical contribution of the study is based on displaying one, of probably many, parts to factor in when discussing future improvements of the healthcare sector.   Suggestions for future research:Future studies would benefit from examining existing concurrent on the healthcare market and its effect on the employees. Including other cultural dimensions would also be a beneficial addition. Future studies could also examine if similar patterns exist in other parts of Switzerland, in other countries or in specific sectors of the healthcare system, using the same theoretical framework as our study.  Key words:Leadership, Hofstede's cultural dimension, Competing Value framework, healthcare, organizational culture, national culture

Professionals take centre stage in the delivery of professional services and the role of account management has received little research attention. This thesis concerns the value of account management in professional service relationships in the audit, tax and management consultancy industry, contextualising the nature and value of account management through client and professional perspectives. It addresses the challenges of embedding the account management role in the firm as a role of the professional or a separate function. The aim of this thesis is to conceptualise a value framework for account management. Based on the principles of grounded theory, the method comprises 29 interviews with professionals, account managers and clients. Embracing an emergent, iterative process, the lenses used to reflect on these interviews include service dominant logic, relationships, the nature of professions and professionals along with client value and notions of organisational change. The emergent perceived value framework comprises five themes. Apart from the theme 'perceived value of account management', the other themes can be conceptualised at three levels: (i) external environment; (ii) firm's organisation and the professional-client relationships; (iii) and account management. Furthermore, the results indicate that professional service firms have difficulty in structuring and formalising account management implying a considerable organisational culture change management agenda. The role for account management varies between an integrated account management role performed by the professional in strategic services and by full-time dedicated account managers in more commoditised services and competitive environments. Well-embedded account management provides competitive advantage and differentiates the professional service firm.

Building on Service-Dominant Logic, the Sport Value Framework, and the Psychological Continuum Model, this study is a micro-level perspective of value co-creation in spectator sport. By examining sport through the VCC lens, the dual role of the customer as both a contributor to and a beneficiary of value is acknowledged and the importance of stakeholder interactions is emphasized. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual model of sport consumption value co-creation, to analyze the extent to which two theoretically and managerially important factors—attendance frequency (i.e., first-time attendee vs. repeat attendee) and stakeholder type (i.e., local resident vs. domestic traveler)—impact value co-creation in the recurring live sport event setting. Findings suggest that antecedent value propositions may have a stronger association with economic components of value for first-time spectators, but a stronger association with hedonic and social value dimensions for repeat spectators—and for domestic travelers, organization-related value propositions can have a stronger influence on hedonic value than is experienced by local residents.

Professionals take centre stage in the delivery of professional services and the role of account management has received little research attention. This thesis concerns the value of account management in professional service relationships in the audit, tax and management consultancy industry, contextualising the nature and value of account management through client and professional perspectives. It addresses the challenges of embedding the account management role in the firm as a role of the professional or a separate function. The aim of this thesis is to conceptualise a value framework for account management. Based on the principles of grounded theory, the method comprises 29 interviews with professionals, account managers and clients. Embracing an emergent, iterative process, the lenses used to reflect on these interviews include service dominant logic, relationships, the nature of professions and professionals along with client value and notions of organisational change. The emergent perceived value framework comprises five themes. Apart from the theme ¿perceived value of account management¿, the other themes can be conceptualised at three levels: ¿ external environment; ¿ firm¿s organisation and the professional-client relationships; ¿ and account management. Furthermore, the results indicate that professional service firms have difficulty in structuring and formalising account management implying a considerable organisational culture change management agenda. The role for account management varies between an integrated account management role performed by the professional in strategic services and by full-time dedicated account managers in more commoditised services and competitive environments. Well-embedded account management provides competitive advantage and differentiates the professional service firm.

Purpose: This study is a micro-level perspective of value co-creation in spectator sport. By examining sport through the value co-creation lens, the dual role of the customer as both a contributor to and a beneficiary of value is acknowledged and the importance of stakeholder interactions is emphasized. This study analyzes the extent to which two theoretically and managerially important factors—attendance frequency (i.e. first-time attendee vs repeat attendee) and resident type (i.e. local resident vs domestic traveler)—impact value creation in the recurring live sporting event setting. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from spectators who attended a National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) sanctioned racing event. Multigroup structural equation modeling was performed to examine the proposed pathways, and multigroup t-tests were used to compare the model across both groups for each moderating variable. Corresponding path coefficients were then compared using Chin's (2004) recommended equations and procedures. Findings: The study found organization-related value propositions to be the more common antecedents of value, while customer appearance had a strong negative association with hedonic value, and attendance frequency and resident type influenced certain value perceptions. Sport organizations should consider the expectations and motivations of various customer groups and provide offerings designed to meet the specific needs of different fan segments based on the spectator's experience with the sport product and the distance traveled to attend the sport event. Originality/value: This paper advances the authors’ understanding of value creation in sport by showing how customer perceptions of value associated with the sport organization and other customers can be moderated by certain behavioral and geographic factors.

This thesis offers dialogue about the relations between learning and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The dialogue is guided by the question of how to design education to increase perceived values of learning. It pays attention to how learners approach learning availabilities in various learning settings based on learners’ perceived values of learning. The aim is to understand the perceived values of learning in order to reflect its relation to ICTs. The field of learning is understood from the perspectives of formal, non-formal and informal learning. The field of ICTs is understood from the perspectives of information, communication and technology. The perspectives of learning and ICTs are chosen as a way to understand them by ‘going back to basics’ to find an origin or a point of departure for reinterpreting and understanding them. This approach has influenced the presentation of the thesis and how it is structured so that dialogic and interpretive research opens up dialogic spaces for reflections regarding the relations between learning and ICTs. Two studies in two different education systems, formal and non-formal, are included in the thesis work. The data are collected via qualitative methods such as photo interviews and individual and group interviews in which learners’ expressions of learning are in focus. The approach of the included articles that present the two studies was to first understand learning and then relate it to the understanding, potential and use of ICTs. The results and contributions from the articles are summarised via the three perspectives of the perceived values of learning, the relations between learning and ICTs and the influences of perceived values of learning. The theoretical tools, pedagogical attitude and positioning of ICTs guide the discussions and analysis of these perspectives towards the conclusions of the thesis work. The reader of the thesis can expect a journey along a winding road, which both addresses and involves policies’ and researchers’ implications and conceptions of learning and education. A framework for the perceived values of education when perspectives of learning and ICTs are related is considered to represent the understanding of the coherent whole of the thesis work. Three main contributions of the thesis work are put forth. The first contribution is the framework for perceived values of education, or the perceived value framework (PVF). The second contribution is the understanding of perceived values of learning. The third contribution is the specific photo interviews about learning situations that is considered to be a contribution to already existing methods such as photo-eliciting (Cappello, 2005) and stimulated recall (Haglund, 2003).