Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo sobre os museus infantis, buscando identificar e analisar um conjunto de questões contemporâneas que hoje participam do ambiente museal. Para a exploração das implicações arquitetônicas desta proposta museológica, foram selecionados três edifícios projetados para abrigar museus infantis: Kodomo no Yakata, de Tadao Ando, no Japão, Lied Discovery Children’s Museum, de Antoine Predock, nos Estados Unidos; e Papalote Museo del Niño, de Ricardo Legorreta, no México.

The aim of this study was to examine how the swedish newspaper Aftonbladet portrays the Las Vegas shooting in october 2017. Our research questions were: How is Stephen Paddock portrayed?, How is the victims portrayed? and How does Aftonbladet portray Stephen Paddocks motive of the shooting? With a qualitative framing analysis we examined a total of 19 articles and identified several frames that the perpetrator and the victims is described with. The result shows that Stephen Paddock is framed as evil, cold, lone wolf, a massmurderer and a systematic perpetrator. But we also identified a frame when he is portrayed as a “normal” individual. The victims are framed as goodhearted and ideal victims. Aftonbladet’s way of reporting is charatherized by sensationalism, emotionalism and intimacy which is typical for a tabloid newspaper. Aftonbladet also describes the course of events with rich details, which also is typical for tabloids. When this study was conducted, the motive and cause of the attack was still unknown. With that in mind, we identified several frames where Aftonbladet is trying to answer the question of what motive the perpetrator could have had. They portray Stephen Paddocks gambling and psychotic brain as possible reasons of the attack.

In order to easily send data between two end elements without congestion, methods that suitably control flow of date and evaluate possible overload state are necessary. One such method is to control the data flow directly on the transport layer. This layer offers a range of mechanisms dedicated to deal with this issue. The aim of this paper is divided into three parts. The first part describes the integration of transport layer TCP/IP model, and the ability to process TCP data stream. The second part describes methods to manage congestion, their integration by usage environment. It mainly focuses on methods of TCP Reno and TCP Vegas. Their simulation and analysis on transmission the data stream stream. The third part deals with the analysis in detail of TCP Vegas. Analyzes possible parameters for alpha a beta within the TCP Vegas, and a combination of TCP Vegas and TCP Reno.

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This thesis is the culmination of a graduate research project involving a floristic survey of the lichens of the Spring Mountain National Recreation Area (SMNRA), Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Nevada. The project was based on extensive collections made between 1997 and 2007 as part of an air pollution biomonitoring program and a baseline established by Larry St. Clair (BYU). The Spring Mountains are a sky island mountain range in the Mojave Desert located less than an hour northwest of Las Vegas. A floristic survey of the lichen communities in the Spring Mountains represents a major addition to our understanding of the lichen flora of the Mojave Desert, a poorly studied region in western North America. This thesis also compares the lichen flora of the SMNRA with other lichen floras of the Mojave Desert based on a literature survey of all the lichen studies conducted in the Mojave Desert. The SMNRA species list represents 58% of the 217 species in 68 genera reported for the Mojave Desert. This survey of all reported Mojave lichen species reveals several interesting interactions related to species diversity, substrate, and growth form distribution patterns. These interactions appear to be influenced by two general factors: Microhabitat conditions and available substrates – which are further defined by differences in geological substrates, occurrence and development of woody plant communities, and a combination of environmental factors – elevation, temperature, precipitation, and insolation. Drier and warmer habitats are generally dominated by crustose species with some, mostly smaller, foliose taxa in protected microhabitats usually with shaded or northern exposures. Fruticose species are generally lacking or sparse with smaller thalli when found in hot and dry habitats. All the fruticose species reported from the Mojave Desert sites were rare and had very small thalli. Many foliose and fruticose species, with larger, more complex thalli and thus greater surface area, are more susceptible to higher rates of water loss and therefore occur less frequently in extreme arid locations. The lichen communities in the Mojave Desert respond to sharp contrasts in microhabitat conditions with exposed, lower elevation sites having lower numbers of species along with more drought resistant growth forms – crustose and squamulose species. The Spring Mountains NRA, with high elevation mountains and well developed woody plant communities, accommodates a large variety of microhabitat conditions spread over a complex temperature and moisture gradient. These conditions have resulted in the highest species diversity (124 species in 48 genera) and the greatest number of foliose and corticolous species when compared with all of the other Mojave Desert lichen floras.

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The role risk taking has played in American history has helped shape current legislation concerning gambling. This thesis attempts to explain the discrepancies in legislation regarding distinct forms of gambling. While casinos are heavily regulated by state and federal laws, most statutes dealing with lotteries strive to regulate the activities of other parties instead of those of the lottery institutions. Incidentally, lotteries are the only form of gambling completely managed by the government. It can be inferred that the United States government is more concerned with people exploiting gambling than with the actual practice of wagering. In an effort to more fully understand the gambling debate, whether it should be allowed or banned, I examined different types of sources. Historical sources demonstrate how ingrained in American culture risk taking, the core of gambling, has been since the formation of this nation. Sources dealing with the economic implications of gambling were also studied. Additionally, sources dealings with the political and legal aspects of gambling were essential for this thesis. Legislature has tried to reconcile distinct problems associated with gambling, including corruption. For this reason sports gambling scandals and Mafia connections to gambling have also been examined. The American government has created much needed legislature to address different concerns relating to gambling. It is apparent that statutes will continue to be passed to help regulate the gambling industry. A possible consideration is the legalization of sports wagering to better regulate that sector of the industry.