Entering into the 21st century, sustainable living has become a popular topic of concern for scientists and engineers, politicians, news reporters and individuals alike. Most importantly though, sustainable living has become popular to the modern consumer, and many firms are attempting to understand and cater their efforts to the ecologically conscious consumer. Previous studies have shown that the use of psychographics, as opposed to demographics, result in more significant results that can help firms identify ecologically conscious consumers. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between consumers who identify as pescetarian, vegetarian, or vegan, and their respective participation in the green movement in terms of their pro-environmental attitudes and their purchase behaviors. Consumers' reason for choosing an alternative diet, their relative commitment to the alternative diet, as well as their level of green participation based on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale and the Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior (ECCB) scale was measure and analyzed. Additionally, a conclusion and discussion of the study, potential marketing implications, and suggestions for future studies will be reviewed.

This study intended to examine Swedish upper secondary school students' argumentation related to the socioscientific issues about sustainable consumption and production, where the students take a position more specifically about a vegetarian diet. Examining sustainable development as an SSI becomes natural here as it is a constantly emerging feature in both the media but also within the school where it is used to give students a developing knowledge to be able to make informed decisions for future problems. This gave the idea to sustainable consumption and production which is one of the sub-goals (goal 12) of the UN goals for sustainable development which can be linked to the question of whether expanding vegetarian diets in schools would be better for sustainable development. In order to understand students' informal argumentation, the choice is to use the SEE-SEP model, which was used as a tool that gives the possibility to categorize arguments and gain an understanding of which grounds the arguments were based upon. The study will also examine the students' development of arguments during the course of the study to examine if there are changes to the argumentations during the study. The results show that students chose to mainly use environment/ecology and science-based arguments during the course of the study. An overview of the arguments shows that the students choose to use the knowledge aspect as their main support when it comes to the design of the arguments. The process of the study shows that there are changes in the design of the arguments and which categories are chosen to build the arguments.

Cancer, an aggressive chronic disease, impacts the lives of millions of people every day. There are numerous proposed triggers related to the diagnosis and much remains to be learned about the causes. Associated with this disease's variability is the challenge to identify a single causative agent that lead to its prevention. Specific topics that need additional evidence relate to environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors in the development, treatment and, in some instances, even suppression of disease progression. Specifically, a diet that excludes animal-based products but consists of a variety of fruits and vegetables (i.e., plant-based vegan diet) is reported to retard disease progression among some individuals diagnosed with cancer. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the effects of a plant-based vegan diet as a treatment approach with individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer. The methodology included a systematic review of literature focusing on use of a plant-based vegan diet on cancer risks in research articles published in peer reviewed journals from 2006 to 2018. Consistent findings include evidence that a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and minimal amounts of animal products showed a decrease risk of the development of various types of cancer. Recommendations for nursing education, practice, policy and research are discussed.

Yes / Meat eaters and meat abstainers differ in their beliefs and moral emotions related to meat consumption alongside gender differences. Few studies have investigated beliefs and moral emotions in pescatarians and vegans. Little is known about differences in moral emotions and beliefs regarding dairy, eggs, and fish or about speciesist beliefs within and between specific dietary groups. To address this gap, we investigated moral emotions (consumption-related disgust and guilt), attitudes towards animals (Animal Attitudes Scale) and justifying beliefs related to meat (Carnism Inventory), dairy, egg, and fish consumption in omnivores (n = 167), pescatarians (n = 110), vegetarians (n = 116), and vegans (n = 149). Results showed that people who consumed animal-derived products reported lower disgust and guilt and held stronger justifying beliefs about consumption of these products, than those who did not consume animal products. All dietary groups significantly differed from each other in their attitudes about using animals for human benefit, with omnivores showing the least positive attitudes towards animals, followed by pescatarians and vegetarians, and with vegans showing the most positive attitudes towards animals. Women experienced greater moral emotions and held fewer justifying beliefs than men within groups where animal products were consumed and this was related to the animal-based products they consume (i.e., fish for pescatarians and eggs/dairy for vegetarians). These findings emphasise the importance of considering a wider range of animal products, and dietary groups in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the psychological underpinnings of animal product consumption. The results highlight differences between dietary groups in attitudes and moral concern towards animals, which may be important to consider when designing interventions to reduce animal product consumption.

荷塘月色餐廳商業計畫書 / Lotus Pond Vegetarian Restaurant Business Plan

The purpose of this paper is to study how vegetarian and vegan food brands use visualcommunication on their packages and website to present themselves to consumers. Theincreasing/growing interest in eating vegetarian and vegan food amongst the Swedishpopulation has led to a growing market in this area. The most significant reason to thisincreasing interest is the climate change. In 2019, the European Union presented a proposal toprohibit these replacement products to refer to familiar non-vegetarian/vegan food by name toavoid misleading marketing. This debated topic evoked the interest to investigate how socalled vego-brands adapt their visual communication in this societal context. To reach aconclusion on the issue three different brands are examined: Anamma, Quorn and Planti. Themethod used to analyze the material is a visual text analysis combined with concepts fromrhetorical analysis and semiotics. Social representation, Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) and greenwashing make up the primary theoretical framework in this study. The analysis of this paper identified recurring patterns that can be discerned from the brandcommunication. They all express a vision to get more people to choose plant-based food bymaking it easy and tasty. All three brands use naming and other visual components on theirpackaging to make them familiar to customers so they understand what they are buying.Overall, the brands also use the current climate change issue to convince people to eat moreplant-based food. The conclusion of this study is that these three brands adapt their visualcommunication to the current societal context and reproduce public attitudes and values totheir advantage

This paper examines the influence of the dominant masculine-hegemonic ideology and gender- compliance on agenda setting and framing texts in the context of a healthy diet, respectively vegetarianism, which is considered a healthy alternative if this diet is balanced. With reference to the already existing academic work on the topic of health discourse in the context of patriarchal ideology, this thesis aims to uncover through discourse analysis of texts in Czech lifestyle magazines for men and for women latent and subtle ideological structures supporting the social status quo and at the same time reveal the influence of the social construction of masculinity and femininity to the discourse of vegetarianism.

Orientador: Valéria Cristina Sandrim / Resumo: Evidências apontam que a dieta vegetariana diminui a probabilidade de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs). Um dos principais mecanismos que levam às doenças cardiovasculares é a disfunção do endotélio, associada com a diminuição da biodisponibilidade de óxido nítrico (NO) e a produção excessiva de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS). Do ponto de vista de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo/antioxidante e de envelhecimento biológico, enzimas com propriedades antioxidantes e o comprimento do telômero podem apresentar efeitos na modulação do sistema vascular. O presente estudo inclui dois manuscritos, sendo o primeiro relacionado a via de regulação NRF2/HO-1 e o segundo ao comprimento dos telômero em onívoros (ONI) e vegetarianos (VEG). No primeiro manuscrito, o objetivo foi verificar a concentração de HO-1 circulante, bem como investigar o efeito da incubação do plasma de ONI e VEG em células endoteliais sob a modulação da via NRF2/HO-1 e a produção de NO. Dos 745 indivíduos inicialmente recrutados, 44 ONI e 44 VEG do sexo masculino aparentemente saudáveis foram incluídos no estudo. A concentração de HO-1 circulante foi mensurado usando o ensaio de ELISA. As células endoteliais foram incubadas com amostras de plasma de ONI e VEG. Nós observamos que a concentração de HO-1 circulante foi maior nos ONI em relação aos VEG. A incubação das células endoteliais com o plasma de ONI induziu o aumento da expressão gênica/proteica do NRF2 e HO-1, bem como a atividade do ARE e a pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Several studies report that a vegetarian diet lowers the probability of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The endothelial dysfunction is one of the main mechanism that leads to CVDs, associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regarding oxidative/antioxidant stress and biological aging biomarkers, enzymes with antioxidant properties and telomere length may have effects on vascular system modulation. The present study includes two manuscripts related to: 1) regulation of NRF2/HO-1 pathway and 2) telomere length in omnivorous (OMN) and vegetarians (VEG). In the first manuscript, our objectives were to verify circulating HO-1 levels and the effect of plasma incubation from omnivorous and vegetarians in endothelial cells on modulating of NRF2/HO-1 pathway and NO production. From 745 participants initially recruited, 44 omnivorous and 44 vegetarian men apparently healthy were included in this study and circulating HO-1 was measured using ELISA assay. Endothelial cells were incubated plasma samples from OMN and VEG. We found higher circulating HO-1 production in omnivorous compared to vegetarian. Moreover, the plasma collected from omnivorous was able to increase the gene/protein NRF2/HO-1 expression, ARE activity, and NO production in endothelial cells culture compared to vegetarian group. We suggest that HO-1 induction in omnivorous may indicate a pro-oxidative. Activation of the HO-1 / NRF2 pathw... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A random population survey (n=601) and a survey of vegetarians (n=106) were conducted to examine South Australians' beliefs about meat and vegetarianism. Meat beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism, meat consumption, personal values, use of and trust in sources of food/nutrition/health information and demographic variables were measured via a written questionnaire. There were differences in the responses of vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, and non-vegetarians. For example, vegetarians were more likely than non-vegetarians to use and trust unorthodox information sources and to hold universal values (e.g. 'equality'). The factors associated with meat consumption and four sets of health-related beliefs about meat and vegetarianism (Meat is Necessary, Vegetarianism Health Concerns and Appreciates Meat, Meat is Unhealthy, Health Benefits of Vegetarianism) were examined. Other (health and non-health) beliefs, barriers and benefits of vegetarianism were the most important factors overall to be associated with these beliefs and with meat consumption. Information sources were also associated (particularly orthodox, unorthodox, mass media, advertising, and social sources). Together, these results provided insight into how consumption of meat and plant foods might be influenced. Finally, the proportion of prospective vegetarians was gauged. Approximately 15% of non-vegetarians were found to hold similar beliefs about vegetarianism as vegetarians. Prospective vegetarians were distinct from vegetarians and the remaining omnivores. For example, they were less likely than the remaining omnivores to eat red meat as frequently or to be Anglo-Australian. The research suggested that a significant portion of the population is interested in vegetarian diets, but that certain barriers need to be overcome if this is to increase and lead to dietary change; in particular, the beliefs that vegetarian diets are nutritionally inadequate and that meat is essential for health. Tailored communications about how to prepare healthy, tasty vegetarian meals may also be useful. The results indicated the sources of food/nutrition/health information that may be most appropriate to disseminate such messages. Additionally, it was found that ethical (e.g. environmental, animal welfare) issues were linked to health and dietary behaviour. They may need to be more fully addressed by health professionals if the public is to obtain maximum benefit from plant-based diets, with minimum risk. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Public Health, 2001.

<p>Som ett led i att främja hälsa och en sund livsstil har Studenthälsan på Malmö Högskola tidigare erbjudit sina studenter föreläsningar i allmän näringslära, men vill nu prova en ny inriktning mot vegansk näringslära. Genom ett processinriktat projekt, beståendes av flera delprocesser, planerades en utbildningsserie innehållandes en föreläsning och två praktiska matlagningstillfällen. Dessa genomfördes varefter de utvärderades av de 20 deltagarna som deltog i utbildningen, detta med en semikvalitativ enkät efter föreläsningen och genom en halvstrukturerad intervju efter det ena matlagningstillfället. Responsen på utbildningsseriens utformning var positiv, förslag på flera delar av både föreläsningar och matlagningstillfällen önskades med teman som träningslära, billigt, nyttigt, veganskt och vegetariskt. Materialet kan användas i utbildningssyfte i liknande sammanhang.</p>