Se présenter comme victime et se mobiliser en tant que telle dans l'espace public neva pas de soi, même pour les membres d'une association de victimes. Il s'agit d'unlong processus d'intériorisation et de reformulation identitaires consistant à donner dusens à une expérience de souffrance ; une pathologie ou un deuil. Pour les membresd'un collectif de victimes se mobilisant dans le cadre d'un problème de santé publique,il s'agit aussi d'un processus d'ordre collectif consistant à construire un groupesuffisamment cohérent pour imposer des griefs a priori personnels, comme problèmepublic de santé.C'est de ces multiples processus, à la fois individuels et collectifs, entre intimeet public que se propose d'analyser cette thèse. En nous appuyant sur une enquêtecomparative entre l'affaire du Distilbène et la mobilisation de travailleurs agricolesvictimes des pesticides - qui croise 77 entretiens semi-directifs et une quinzained'observations ethnographiques des temps qui articulent ces mobilisations -, nousnous sommes demandée comment des individus dispersés et blessés parviennentprogressivement et collectivement à s'imposer comme des acteurs d'action publique,et plus précisément des acteurs de la santé publique. / To self-identify as a victim and to get involved publicly as a victim is not selfevident,even for members of victims associations. It is a long process of identityreformulation which entails giving a meaning to a past hurtful experience as a traumaor a mourning. For members of victims groups getting mobilized in the context of publichealth scandals is also a collective process. It consists in going beyond a prioripersonal griefs and being able to build a sufficiently coherent group around publichealth problem.This thesis analyses the multiple individual and collective processes, betweenpersonal and public spheres. It is based on a comparative study between the scandalsof Diethylsbestrol and the social mobilization of agricultural workers victims ofpesticides contaminations. It gathers 77 semi-directive interviews and about 15ethnographic observations. In this study we have been trying to understand to whichextend scattered and hurt individuals progressively and collectively manage toestablish themselves as public players and more precisely in public health.

Syftet med denna undersökning var att kartlägga sjöingenjörsstudenters upplevelse av den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön ombord under deras fartygsförlagda praktiker, och i vilken utsträckning det påverkat deras framtida vilja att arbeta till sjöss. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsansats där datainsamlingen skedde genom två fokusgruppsintervjuer och tio individuella intervjuer. Totalt har 18 sjöingenjörsstudenter från Sveriges sjöfartshögskolor ingått i undersökningen. Intervjuerna analyserades och tolkades genom hermeneutisk och semantisk metod, som presenterades i ett tematiskt resultat. De mest framträdande resultaten av undersökningen är att även om studenterna fick en förtrogenhetsutbildning, gavs den inte alltid innan de sattes i arbete. Majoriteten av studenterna arbetade betydligt fler timmar än vad som överenskommits i det så kallade elevavtalet. Studenterna upplever även att det förekommer ett bristande ledarskap hos vissa av handledarna, där några av studenterna har utsatts för kränkande särbehandling och dåligt beteende. Trots brister inom onboardingen och den organisatoriska och social arbetsmiljön, var det inga övergripande orsaker till att studenterna inte ville fortsätta arbeta till sjöss. Det var dock en minoritet som inte ville fortsätta att arbeta till sjöss. För dessa var orsaken bristande ledarskap och jargongen ombord. / The purpose of the work presented in this student thesis was to identify how marine engineer students have experienced the organisational and social work environment onboard during their internships, and if their experiences have affected their future career choices. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Data collection was performed through two semi-structured focus group interviews and ten semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. The data analysis was interpreted hermeneutic and semantic, and the result was presented thematic. The participating students shared many experiences. Most of the students were given the mandatory familiarization training onboard, but in many cases this was not completed until after the students first work task onboard the ship. Almost all the students worked more hours than stipulated in the student agreement. Some of the students experienced bad behaviour and were treated badly by their supervisor. Even though students experienced shortcomings in the organisational and social work environment, most of the students were still willing to pursue a career at sea. A small part of the students did not want to work at sea due to their experiences of poor social work environment and lack of leadership onboard. / Drivkrafter för kompetensförsörjning i en socialt hållbar sjöfart

This diploma thesis is comprised of a theoretical section and a practical section. The first theoretical subchapter introduces the CAN syndrome. The second theoretical subchapter focuses on the relevant international and national child protection legislation. The third subchapter "Child Interrogation" deals with the issue of the historical development of child interrogation techniques and methods, and the currently recommended interrogation techniques used to interrogate children in keeping with the Act on Criminal Judicial Procedure No. 141/1961 in the Czech Republic. The third subchapter also concerns with the character traits of the investigator, the qualification requirements of this profession and the fundamental methodology used to prevent a child's secondary victimisation. The fourth theoretical subchapter focuses on the specially designed interrogation room used, among others, for child interrogation. The theoretical part is based on reference literature and relevant legislation. The practical section includes the results of qualitative research. The first subchapter focuses on two case studies of child victims of abuse interrogation. The second subchapter analyses six interviews conducted with a methodological worker and with five investigators, who discuss their experience with the...

This thesis introduces sociolinguistic phenomenon called street compliment, that has not been studied much in Czech Republic. It is a form of a comment given in public places by unacquainted persons, most commonly by men to women but not exclusively. Based in the feminist tradition the research was realized as a set of semi-structured interviews with eight female participants. The research revealed how the participants understand the phenomenon and how the heteronormative configuration of society is being perpetuated. The interpretation of street compliment as a form of a compliment is based on the discourse of female atractiveness and a strong sexual drive at males. The street compliment can be used to express sexual interest, to perform masculinity or to perform identity overall. The street compliment as a display of masculine behaviour towards a legitimate target, that is to say attractive woman, refers to the use of street compliment as a mean of disciplination of female subjects. The participants agreed that they do not utter street compliments because of its convenience. Instead they would express their interest in a group of friends without exteriorizing it. On one side the participants create subversive discourses, however it is common to observe symbolic violence done to them, amongs other...

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology and Criminal Justice)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore domestic Violence, closely looking at the victimisation of women and children in the Mankweng police area, situated in Capricorn Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study sought to identify factors contributing to abuse against women and children, to assess types of abuse experienced by victims and to determine measures that can be applied to prevent it. This qualitative study applied the exploratory research design to recruit participants using non-probability sampling techniques, specifically purposive sampling tehniques. About Fifteen (15) participants, including Twelve (12) local SAPS officials and three (3) social workers attached to the SAPS FCS who work closely with domestic violence, were selected in this study. Data was collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Based on the transcribed data, themes were extracted and analysed using Textual Content Analysis (TCA). This study established that there are factors that contribute to the occurrence of domestic VAW and children; victims are affected by domestic violence (I.e., Be it physical, sexual, psychological and financial); and that there are measures that may reduce its occurrence. Findings of this study indicates that factors such culture, alcohol abuse, financial dependency, and exposure to abuse at early childhood contribute to the occurrence of domestic violence and that victims experience abuse differently. For recommendations, there is a need for Educational programmes on domestic violence legislative framework(s), especially the Domestic Violence Act [DVA] (No. 116 of 1998). They should be strictly enforced to assist perpetrators to note the seriousness of this crime and the detrimental effects of their actions. The response of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) on this practice should be efficient in this regard. The potential victims should be aware of different steps to take to avoid domestic violence and related abuse. There also a dire needs for the available service providers, such as the social workers, health professional and police to be familiar with effective ways to deal with this practice. Keywords: Children, Domestic violence, Domestic Violence Act [DVA] (No. 116 of 1998), Limpopo Province, Mankweng policing area, Women, VictimisationVictims

The present thesis compares media representations of Yekîneyên Parastina Jin (YPJ or the Women’s Protection Units), an all-female Kurdish military organisation, in British media versus the organisation’s own media outlets, with the aim to see how they differ, more specifically in terms of representations of their ideological agency. By utilizing critical discourse analysis (CDA) in combination with postcolonial theory, the media construction of four soldiers’ deaths have been scrutinized in 30 media texts in order to provide a deeper understanding of the hegemonic discourses and sociocultural practices which underpin these constructions. The result shows a discrepancy in terms of representations of YPJ’s ideological agency. On the one hand, YPJ adopts an explicit effort to assert their ideology through a propagandistic discourse that emphasises their values of resistance, freedom, egalitarianism, gender emancipation and democratic confederalism, portraying their fighters as fearless martyrs and heroines that are determined to die for their cause. On the other hand, the UK media represent YPJ’s ideology in generic ways in which hidden ideological ‘us vs. them’ representations are deeply rooted in a broader naturalised Western hegemonic discourse, with portrayals of YPJ’s fallen soldiers mostly characterised by sensationalism and victimisation. One part of such hidden ideological agenda is the way in which YPJ constantly gets included in, and excluded from, ‘us’ (the West), depending on who the enemy is, in addition to mainly receiving media coverage in direct relation to ISIS, a common Western enemy. The result is a representation that endorses YPJ’s fight within a hegemonic Western discourse, neglecting their ideological agency. This has sociocultural implications since such hegemonic discourse misrepresents YPJ’s struggle, constructing their fight mostly as part of a Western counterterrorist strategy, which further legitimises the Western power to construct history based on its own premises and claims of truth.

Le développement de comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP) pendant l’enfance est un sujet de plus en plus étudié. Les chercheurs et les cliniciens ont souvent fait référence à l’agression sexuelle (AS) pour l’expliquer. Bien que le lien entre les CSP et l’AS soit bien documenté dans la littérature scientifique, il reste que la présence de CSP semble liée à plusieurs autres facteurs. Les auteurs s’intéressent de plus en plus à la relation entre les CSP et l’exposition à d’autres types de victimisation, incluant la maltraitance. La cooccurrence de différentes formes de victimisation s’avère donc être un angle important à explorer, en raison de sa relation avec différents indices de détresse psychologique incluant les comportements extériorisés. Objectif. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire est d’identifier les facteurs qui permettent d’estimer la probabilité qu’un enfant victime d’agression sexuelle (VAS) présente des CSP. Méthode. L’échantillon est composé de 372 enfants VAS (M âge enfant = 9,4 ans ; É-T = 2,2 ; 32,3% garçons) ayant fait l’objet d’une évaluation des besoins, dans un centre de services d’intervention spécialisés entre 2007 et 2016. Des analyses bivariées (chi-carré, anova, U de Mann-Whitney) et un modèle d’analyse de régression logistique hiérarchique ont été réalisés. Résultats. Les résultats des analyses bivariées révèlent que les enfants VAS manifestant des CSP se distinguent des enfants VAS n’ayant pas de CSP sur plusieurs variables : ils présentent plus de symptômes de dissociation, de dépression et d’anxiété; ils ont une plus faible estime de soi; ils perçoivent aussi recevoir moins de soutien à la suite de l’AS et présentent davantage des troubles de comportement extériorisés, de même que des stratégies de résolution de problème extériorisées; ils sont aussi plus souvent polyvictimes, ils sont notamment plus souvent exposés à la violence conjugale, plus susceptibles de vivre de la violence psychologique et d’avoir vécu une AS plus grave. Alors qu’ils reçoivent des services pour leur victimisation sexuelle; ils sont aussi plus susceptibles d’avoir un dossier actif en vertu de la Loi de la Protection de la Jeunesse (LPJ), ils vivent plus de placements, puis une médication leur est plus souvent prescrite. Lorsque l’ensemble de ces variables est considéré dans le modèle de régression logistique, l’analyse révèle que les facteurs suivants augmentent la probabilité qu’un enfant VAS présente des CSP : être un garçon (2,2 fois plus de risque), avoir une médication prescrite (2,2 fois plus de risque) et présenter un niveau de dissociation atteignant le seuil clinique (2,5 fois plus de risque). À l’inverse, la perception d’avoir reçu du soutien à la suite de l’AS diminue le risque que l’enfant VAS présente des CSP (0,8 fois moins de risque). Conclusion. Les résultats révèlent que l’apparition de CSP chez les enfants VAS semble liée à une accumulation de facteurs de vulnérabilité parmi lesquels la détresse psychologique (médication, dissociation) et la victimisation s’avèrent être des composantes particulièrement importantes. / The development of sexual behavior problems (SBP) during childhood is increasingly studied. While researchers and clinicians have often associated SBP to child sexual abuse (SA), the presence of SBP also seems to be linked to several other factors. Most recent works are exploring, among other factors, the frequent association between SBP and exposure to other forms of victimization, including child maltreatment. The cooccurrence of different forms of violence therefore turns out to be an important angle to explore because of its relationship with different indices of psychological distress, including externalizing behaviors. Objective. The main objective of this Masters’ thesis is to identify factors allowing to estimate the probability that a sexually abused child presents inappropriate sexual behaviors and SBP (referred to as SBP). Method. The sample was composed of 372 SA children (M child’s age = 9.4 years; SD = 2.2; 32.3% boys) who were assessed in a specialized intervention center between 2007 and 2016. Bivariate analysis (chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Mann Whitney U) and a hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed. Results. Bivariate analyses reveal that SA children with SBP show more symptoms of dissociation, depression, and anxiety than SA children without SBP. They also report receiving less support with regard to their SA experience and show more externalized behaviors and externalized problem solving strategies than SA children without SBP. Further, SA children with SBP are more frequently polyvictimized. For instance, compared to children without SBP more children in this group have been exposed to domestic violence, to psychological abuse and to more severe SA. While they are receiving services for their SA experience, they were are also more likely to have an active file under the Youth Protection Act (YPA), to experience placement, and to be prescribed medication for ADHD or behavior and emotion regulation problems. Taken together, multivariable analyses conducted with the regression model reveals that the following factors increase the probability of presenting SBP in SA victims: the child's gender (being a male, 2,2 times more likely to present SBP), being prescribed medication (2,2 times more likely to present SBP) and presenting a level of dissociation reaching the clinical threshold (2,5 times more likely to present SBP). Conversely, perceiving to have received less support in relation to the sexual abuse experienced decreases the risk that the AS child will present SBP (0,8 times less likely to present SBP). Conclusion. The results reveal that the development of SBP in child victims of SA appears associated to an accumulation of vulnerability factors, among which psychological distress (e.g.: dissociation and medication) and victimization prove to be particularly important components.

Ce mémoire de maitrise s’intéresse aux expériences spécifiques des femmes en contexte sectaire. Partout dans le monde, les droits des femmes ainsi que leur liberté ne sont, pour certains, toujours pas acquis ou, dans certains cas, remis en question. Il est établi que certains types de crimes, notamment les agressions sexuelles, sont plus susceptibles d’être perpétrés à l’encontre des femmes, tout comme certains contextes, relations intimes ou conjugales en particulier, sont plus propices à voir se développer différentes formes de violence principalement dirigées contre les femmes. Considérant le fait que ce sont des types de violence que l’on retrouve également en contexte sectaire, il apparait alors pertinent d’étudier l’expérience de femmes au sein de ces communautés. À la lumière de ces éléments, ce mémoire a pour objectif principal de cerner l’expérience des filles et des femmes dans les groupes sectaires en mettant l’accent, le cas échéant, sur les expériences de victimisation, ceci à partir du témoignage d’anciennes membres de tels regroupements. À l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative, huit entrevues en profondeur, de type entretiens semi-directifs, ont été menées avec d’anciennes membres de groupes sectaires. Les témoignages des participantes ont été analysés selon une perspective féministe, en se basant sur la théorie du contrôle coercitif de Stark (2007). Les résultats permettent de constater que les femmes sont soumises au contrôle coercitif par le leader, lequel est renforcé par les autres membres et parfois la famille, impliqués dans le groupe. Elles sont enfermées dans des rôles souvent issus d’une vision patriarcale de la place de la femme dans la société, les obligeant à répondre aux exigences du leader et de leur communauté d’appartenance. Les femmes rencontrent aussi des difficultés à la sortie du groupe, notamment en lien avec la recherche d’aide formelle. À la lumière des données recueillies, il se dégage un réel besoin de sensibilisation et de formation sur la compréhension des expériences sectaires spécifiques aux femmes dans le but de leur venir en aide tout en respectant ce qu’elles ont vécu. De même, de nouvelles pistes de recherche concernant spécifiquement l’expérience des femmes dans les sectes sont ouvertes, ce mémoire ne faisant, somme toute, qu’effleurer le sujet. Il aura néanmoins permis de montrer que le sujet mérite sans l’ombre d’un doute d’être davantage exploré. / This master's thesis focuses on the specific experiences of women in a cultic context. Throughout the world, women's rights and freedoms are, for some, still not acquired or, in some cases, questioned. It has been established that certain types of crime, specifically sexual assault, are more likely to be perpetrated against women, just as certain contexts, in for example in intimate relationships, are more conducive to the development of various forms of violence directed primarily against women. Considering that these types of violence are also found in cultic contexts, it seems relevant to study the experience of women within these communities. In light of these elements, the main objective of this thesis is to identify the experience of girls and women in cultic groups, with an emphasis on experiences of victimization, if applicable, based on the testimony of former members of such groups. Using a qualitative methodology, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with former female cult members. The participants' testimonies were analyzed from a feminist perspective, based on Stark's (2007) theory of coercive control. The results show that women are subject to the coercive control by the leader, which is reinforced by other members and sometimes by family members involved in the group. Participants are locked into roles that often stem from a patriarchal vision of women's place in society, forcing them to respond to the requirements of the leader and the community to which they belong. Women also encounter difficulties when they leave the group, particularly in relation to seeking formal help. Considering the data collected, there is a real need for awareness and training on understanding the specific cultic experiences of women in order to help them while respecting what they have experienced. Similarly, new avenues of research specifically concerning the experience of women in cults are open, as this thesis only scratches the surface of the subject. Nevertheless, it has had the merit of showing that the subject deserves without a shadow of a doubt to be investigated further.

Thesis (M.A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Binge drinking, crime and victimisation are increasingly being recognised as problems on university and college campuses. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that can lead to anti-social behaviour among students. This can lead to a number of negative individual and social effects such as crime and victimisation. The key concepts, binge drinking, crime and victimisation during bashes are defined in relation to the Lifestyle Exposure Theory and Routine Activities Theory. This is done within the concepts of the theories and in particular motivated offenders, suitable targets, in the absence of a capable guardian. The aim of the study was to describe binge drinking and its resultant criminological outcomes during bashes at the University of Limpopo. A qualitative design was used in this study. The sampling method that was used to select the participants was nonprobability sampling and specifically snowball sampling. Data was collected until the saturation point, where no new information occurred. To analyse the data, thematic content analysis was used.

Plusieurs travaux montrent que la violence conjugale est un phénomène dynamique, avec des épisodes de violence s'inscrivant dans une séquence d'événements. Toutefois, nos connaissances sur les circonstances de vie qui influencent la violence à travers le temps restent limitées. De plus, la recherche porte principalement sur violence physique. Plusieurs travaux mettent de l’avant que la co-occurrence des différentes formes de violence est la norme. Or, le lien entre les différentes formes de violence au sein des trajectoires individuels reste largement méconnu. Cette étude vise à reconstruire la trajectoire de victimisation des femmes afin d’adresser certaines lacunes quant à nos connaissances sur les violences au sein du couple. On s’intéresse plus particulièrement à prédire l’occurrence de quatre formes de violence (physique grave, psychologique intense, sexuelle et économique) au sein des trajectoires individuelles selon l’effet les caractéristiques individuelles des victimes (facteurs statiques) et les circonstances de vie (facteurs dynamiques). Cette étude se concentre particulièrement sur l'effet des périodes de grossesse et de séparation sur la dynamique de la violence conjugale, des aspects peu explorés jusqu'à présent. De plus, elle cherche à déterminer si les antécédents de violence durant l'enfance sont prédictifs de la violence conjugale à l'âge adulte. Les données proviennent d'entretiens structurés menés entre 2014 et 2016 auprès de 75 femmes victimes de violence conjugale et référées par divers organismes tels que maisons d'hébergement, les tribunaux municipaux, les centres d'aide aux victimes d'actes criminels, les centres de thérapie et les maisons de transition. Les trajectoires individuelles ont été reconstruites à l'aide de la méthode des calendriers d'histoire de vie. Les résultats mettent en évidence les facteurs statiques et dynamiques associés à chaque type de violence, révélant à la fois des distinctions et des similitudes entre ces formes de violence. Ils soulignent également une forte co-occurrence entre les différentes formes de violence, indiquant que les aborder de manière isolée est insuffisant pour en comprendre l'occurrence individuelle. Ces résultats fournissent des informations précieuses pour l'élaboration de recommandations en matière de prise en charge et de prévention de la violence conjugale. / Several studies show that intimate partner violence is a dynamic phenomenon, with episodes of violence forming part of a sequence of events. However, our knowledge of the life circumstances that influence violence over time remains limited. Moreover, the research mainly focuses on physical violence. Several studies highlight that the co-occurrence of different forms of violence is the norm. However, the link between the different forms of violence within individual trajectories remains largely unknown. This study aims to reconstruct women's victimization trajectories to address some of the gaps in our knowledge of intimate partner violence. We are particularly interested in predicting the occurrence of four forms of violence (severe physical, intense psychological, sexual, and economic) within individual trajectories based on the effect of individual victim characteristics (static factors) and life circumstances (dynamic factors). This study focuses on the effect of pregnancy and separation on the dynamics of domestic violence, aspects that have been little explored to date. In addition, it seeks to determine whether a history of violence in childhood is predictive of intimate partner violence in adulthood. The data was derived from structured interviews conducted between 2014 and 2016 with 75 women who had experienced intimate partner violence in the past 36 months and were referred by various organizations such as shelters, municipal courts, crime victim’s assistance centers, therapy centers and halfway houses. The individual trajectories were reconstructed using the life history calendar method, a proven approach to the study of criminal careers and victimization that allows us to contextualize events and understand the underlying dynamics of victimization. The analysis is carried out using multilevel modelling, enabling individual characteristics and life circumstances to be examined. The results highlight the static and dynamic factors associated with each type of violence, revealing both differences and similarities between these forms of violence. They also highlight a strong co-occurrence between the different forms of violence, indicating that addressing them in isolation is insufficient to understand their individual occurrence. These findings provide valuable information for the development of recommendations for the intervention and prevention of intimate partner violence.