Uppsatsen undersöker hur kvällstidningen Aftonbladet gestaltar våldtäkt i sin nyhetsrapportering. De våldtäkter som studien kommer att analysera är våldtäkter som inträffat på festivalområden, avgränsat till de på Bråvallafestivalen 2016, samt övriga överfallsvåldtäkter som inträffat under sommaren 2016. Studien kommer även att undersöka potentiella likheter och skillnader i nyhetsrapporteringen av dessa två typer av våldtäkt. Analysmaterialet består av tre rapporterande artiklar om festivalvåldtäkter respektive tre om överfallsvåldtäkter. Genom att utgå från teorier såsom Christies teori om det ideala offret, gestaltningsteorin, medielogikens dramaturgi och teorin om nyhetsvärdering, i samband med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, analyseras respektive artikels textuella innehåll utefter fem olika teman. Dessa teman är hur rubrik och ingress konstrueras, hur offret gestaltas, hur gärningsmannen gestaltas, hur miljön gestaltas, och vilka andra aktörer som lyfts fram samt hur de lyfts fram. Analysresultaten, av de tre respektive tre artiklarna, sammanfattas sedan utefter den våldtäktstyp de behandlar, för att sedan jämföras med varandra.Resultaten av den tematiska analysen visar på att Aftonbladets framställning av festivalvåldtäkter till viss del skiljer sig från tidningens framställning av överfallsvåldtäkter. Genom användandet av mindre värdeladdade ord och mer neutrala beskrivningar i artiklarna om festivalvåldtäkt, framstår bland annat offren som mindre oskyldiga, gärningsmännen som mer passiva och distanserade, medan miljön kan tolkas som mindre respektabel, i jämförelse med artiklarna om överfallsvåldtäkt. Denna framställning kan tolkas normalisera de våldtäkter som inträffar på festivalområden. / The essay examines how the Swedish tabloid newspaper Aftonbladet portrays rape in their news reports. The rape cases that the study is going to analyze are rape that has occurred at festivals, delimited to Bråvallafestivalen 2016, as well as other cases of assault rape taking place during the summer of 2016. The study will also examine potential similarities and differences between the news reports of these two types of rape.By using theories such as Christie’s theory of the Ideal Victim, the Framing theory, the Dramaturgy of the Media Logic, and the News Value theory, in combination with a qualitative content analysis, the textual content of each article is analysed based upon five themes. These themes are how the headline and preamble are constructed, how the victim is portrayed, how the perpetrator is portrayed, how the environment is portrayed, and which other actors that are being mentioned as well as how they are being mentioned.The results of the thematic analysis shows that some differences do exist, when it comes to how Aftonbladet portrays rape at festivals in comparison to assault rape. By using less emotive words and more neutral descriptions in the articles about festival rape, the victims appear as less innocent, the perpetrators as more passive and aloof, while the environment could be perceived as less respectable, as compared to the articles about assault rape. This portrayal can be interpreted as normalizing the rapes that take place at festivals.

Cette étude propose d’explorer, parmi un ensemble de variables propres à la vulnérabilité des personnes, celles qui expliquent le mieux les inquiétudes face à la victimisation criminelle chez les aînés. L’utilisation d’un instrument de mesure validé en français et adapté à une population âgée québécoise, le WAV (Worry About Victimization), nous aura permis d’étudier la peur du crime en précisant ses dimensions émotionnelles, cognitives et béhaviorale. L’échantillon est constitué de 387 répondants âgés entre 60 et 98 ans résidant dans les centres urbains de Montréal, Sherbrooke et Trois-Rivières. Les résultats suggèrent, qu’en somme, la préoccupation envers le crime en général, les préoccupations envers certains crimes plus spécifiquement définis, de même que les précautions prises contre le crime sont expliquées par des caractéristiques se rapportant à la vulnérabilité des personnes. Pour ces trois dimensions, le sexe représente le meilleur facteur explicatif. Les autres dimensions : perception générale du risque de victimisation, inquiétude diffuse face à l’éventualité d’être victime d’un crime, et recours à des mesures de protection s’expliquent à la fois par des caractéristiques de vulnérabilité et la recherche de protection. Il est à noter que pour ces autres dimensions, le sexe n’est pas au rang de facteurs explicatifs. Des analyses selon le sexe montrent par ailleurs que les inquiétudes des hommes sont moins fonction des caractéristiques de vulnérabilité que pour les femmes. À l’inverse, les expériences de victimisation criminelle de même que les caractéristiques définissant le réseau social, sa disponibilité, l’utilisation qui en est faite et la satisfaction qu’on en tire expliquent davantage l’inquiétude des hommes que celle des femmes. Cette étude conclut que la considération d’autres théories, en complémentarité avec celle de la vulnérabilité, pourrait être bénéfique selon la dimension des inquiétudes étudiée et le sexe des répondants. Cela dit, l’utilisation du WAV apparaît être le premier pas vers l’obtention de connaissances plus nuancées et ainsi plus cohérentes en regard des différentes dimensions de l’inquiétude liée à la victimisation exprimée notamment par les personnes âgées. / This study offers to explore, between certain variables of vulnerability, those that explain better the fears of the elders towards criminal victimization. The use of validity measures instruments in French and adapted to an elder generation of Quebec, the WAV ‘Worry About Victimization’ permitted us to study the fear of crime distantly depending of its emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimensions. The sample tested is made of 387 responding elders aged between 60 & 98 years old. The elders’ samples were taking in urban area in Montreal, Sherbrooke & Trois-Rivieres. The results shows us that the preoccupation towards crime in general, the preoccupation towards crime in specific situation and also that the precautions taken against crime are explained by vulnerability characteristics. For these three last dimensions, the sex represents the best proving facts. The other dimensions (the protection measures - the perception of victimization risk – concern towards facing being personally a crime victim one day) are explained by the vulnerability characteristics and some protection factors to this last one. It’s important to notice that in these three last dimensions, the sex is not ranked by explaining factors. Some analyses more precise about the sex also shows that the men fears are less often touched by their vulnerability characteristics than the women. The experiences of criminal victimization as well as the social network characteristics are factors which better explain the fears of the men than that of the women. This study concludes that the consideration of other theories, in association with the vulnerability theory could be beneficial according to the studied dimension of the worries and depending on the sex of the elder. The use of the WAV seems to be the first step towards knowledge obtaining more qualified and more detailed in regards of different fears connected to victimization.

The aim of the theses is to elaborate on the problematics of theoretical aspects of victims of criminal acts. The work's main concern is the area of problematics of workplace victimization. This topic shall therefore be investigated deeply in the theoretical part of the theses as well. The practical part of the work will depict and process the specific characteristics of the mentioned problematics and in relation to it workplace victimization of employees of Czech Republic's Employment Bureau will be further looked on. In the theses we mention and define the basic terms connected to the chosen problematics. The aim of that is to point out their importance in relation to other disciplines, especially those which are related to victimological research and problematics of victims of criminal acts. Nowadays, the topic of workplace victimization, in other words victimization undergone when in work, is more and more frequently researched and looked up by laics, academic people and even the media. The dominant of the second part of the theses is a focus on employees of Czech Republic's Employment Bureau. In the work we analysed, from the data provided by the Bureau, the criminal or violent incidents which happened on the workplace there. The data set chosen originated from the Moravskoslezský region, as...

Partnervåld är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem som drabbar män och kvinnor samt är kostsamt för samhället på grund utav dess konsekvenser. Utsatthet för partnervåld samt attityder till partnervåld är något som kan påverka hur människor mår i sina partnerrelationer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur den upplevda relationstillfredsställelsen kan skilja sig vid olika aspekter av partnervåld, specifikt utsatthet för partnervåld och attityder till partnervåld bland unga universitetsstudenter. Studien använde normaliseringsprocessen som teoretisk grund för att nyansera och förklara förhållanden mellan relations-tillfredsställelse, utsatthet för partnervåld samt attityder till partnervåld. För att undersöka detta utfördes en tvärsnittsdesign med en enkät. Totalt ingick i studien 545 respondenter, men efter internt bortfall bestod urvalet av 220 respondenter, varav 144 kvinnor, 75 män och 1 annan. Resultatet visade på en signifikant skillnad av den upplevda relations-tillfredsställelsen mellan de som var utsatta respektive ickeutsatta för partnervåld. Vidare visade resultatet ingen signifikantskillnad gällande relations-tillfredsställelse och accepterande attityd respektive icke-accepterande attityd till partnervåld. Slutligen diskuterades resultatet utifrån tidigare forskning och teori. / Partner violence is a globally occurring public health problem that affects both men and women and is costly to society because of its consequences. Victimization to partner violence and attitudes to partnerviolence is something that can affect how people feel in their relationships. The purpose of the study was to examine perceived relationship satisfaction in relation to partner violence, specifically victimization of partner violence and attitudes to partner violence among young college students. The study used the normalizationprocess as the theoretical basis to explain the relationship between relational satisfaction, victim to partner violence and attitudes toward partner violence. A cross sectional design was used. A total of 545 respondents participated in the study, of which 220 respondents were included in the final sample (144 women, 75 men). The result showed a significant difference in perceived relationship satisfaction between victimization to partner violence and non-victimization to partner violence. The result showed no significant difference regarding relationship satisfaction and an accepting attitude and non-accepting attitude towards partner violence. Findings are discussed in view of previous research and theory.

No description available.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka låg självkontroll bland män ochkvinnor, utsatthet för brott bland män och kvinnor samt undersöka sambandet mellan låg självkontroll och utsatthet för brott bland unga vuxna. Studien hade en tvärsnittsdesign där en webbenkät skickades ut till en studentpopulation bestående av 159 respondenter (av vilka 83% var kvinnor) i åldrarna 18-25 (M = 22,49, SD = 1,78). Resultatet visade att män hade en lägre självkontroll och att kvinnor hade en högre utsatthet för brott. Resultatet visade även på ett svagt positivt samband mellan låg självkontroll och utsatthet för brott vilket indikerade på att de respondenterna med låg självkontroll var utsatta för brott i högre grad. Resultaten kunde förklaras teoretiskt med Lifestyle Exposure Perspective som antydde att låg självkontroll kunde medföra en högre exponering för riskfyllda situationer vilket i sin tur kunde öka nivån av utsatthet för brott. Dock kan det krävas fler variabler för att förklara sambandet. / The aim of this study was to examine low self-control among men and women, victimization of crime among men and women and examine the correlation between low self-control and the victimization of crime among young adults. The study used a cross-sectional design where a web survey was sent out to a student population consisting of 159 respondents (of which 83% were women) aged 18-25 (M= 22,49, SD=1,78). The result showed that men had lower self-control where as women had higher victimization of crime. The result also showed a weak positive correlation between low self-control and victimization of crime which indicated that the respondents with lower self-control were victimized of crime to a higher degree. The results could be explained theoretically with Lifestyle Exposure Perspective, which implied that low self-control could entail a higher exposure of risk-filled situations which in turn could increase victimization of crimes. It may however be that more variables are required to explain the correlation.

Föreliggande studie undersökte skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott utifrån nyhetsmedias rapportering om våldsbrott, samt skillnader mellan män och kvinnor gällande vilken form av nyhetsmedia som bidrog till högst rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott. De olika formerna av nyhetsmedia som undersöktes var TV-nyheter, tidningsnyheter, radionyheter och internet-nyheter. En enkät besvarades av totalt 178 personer bestående av manliga (n=84) och kvinnliga (n=94) studenter vid Örebro universitet. Resultatet påvisade att kvinnor hade en signifikant högre rädsla än män att utsättas för våldsbrott utifrån nyhetsmedias rapportering om våldsbrott. Internet-nyheter var den form av nyhetsmedia som både män och kvinnor i störst utsträckning konsumerade samt den form som respondenterna enligt känslouttryck bidrog till högst rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott. TV-nyheter var den form av nyhetsmedia som i störst utsträckning ledde till att respondenterna omsatte sin rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott i praktiken genom beteendeförändring. Slutligen kunde det konstateras att kön var den starkaste prediktorn för rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott. Studien belyste problematiken med kvinnors högre rädsla att utsättas för våldsbrott, och genom kunskap om nyhetsmedia som en bidragande orsak kan det trygghetsfrämjande arbetet utvecklas. / The present study examined gender differences in fear of violent crime based on news media reporting about violent crime, and also differences between men and women in what forms of news media that created the most fear of violent crimes. The various forms of news media that were examined included TV, newspaper, radio and internet. A questionnaire was answered by a total of 178 people, consisting of students of Örebro University which consisted men (n=84) and women (n=94). The result showed that women had a significantly higher fear than men of violent crime based on news media reporting about violent crime. Internet was the forms of news media that both men and women consumed the most, and created the most fear of crime according to the respondent’s emotional expressions. TV was the form of news media that to a large extent led to the respondents turning their fear of violent crime in practice through behavioural change. Finally, it was concluded that gender was the strongest predictor for fear of violent crime. The study highlights the problem of women’s higher fear of violent crime, and through the knowledge of news media as a contributing cause, safety-promoting work can be developed.

No description available.

Quando acolhida institucionalmente, a criança é abruptamente separada de pessoas de referência e colocada em um ambiente estranho, com pessoas desconhecidas. A vivência inicial da criança na instituição, como é recebida/acolhida, influenciará a maneira como enfrentará essa situação, a construção de novas relações afetivas e a manutenção dos vínculos afetivos anteriormente estabelecidos. Na creche/educação infantil, o processo de recepção/acolhimento tem importância reconhecida. O mesmo não acontece no acolhimento institucional. Com base teórico-metodológica na Rede de Significações, objetivou-se investigar o processo de recepção e acolhimento de crianças com idades até 6 anos, desenvolvido por instituições de acolhimento, a partir da perspectiva de profissionais envolvidos no processo. Participaram quatro instituições de cidade de grande porte do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram entrevistadas 26 pessoas: três coordenadoras; quatro psicólogas; quatro assistentes sociais; três pedagogos; sete educadoras; um apoiador técnico; quatro conselheiros tutelares. As entrevistas contaram com questões disparadoras, no contexto de uma conversa e os dados foram analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados indicam que investimentos vêm sendo feitos na formação dos profissionais. E que a maioria dos que participaram da pesquisa está envolvida com a causa da criança e/ou com as crianças em si. Foram relatadas algumas práticas e sugestões de melhoria para o processo de acolhimento inicial, que se mostraram sensíveis às necessidades e capacidades da criança. Porém, ainda é insuficiente para garantir um processo de acolhimento inicial respeitoso e acolhedor para com a criança e sua família. Concepções antigas impregnam as práticas e o imaginário das pessoas. Apesar dos avanços, guardadas as diferenças pessoais/institucionais, decisões são tomadas sem que a criança e família participem efetivamente e sem que sejam preparadas para lidar com as mudanças decorrentes. A criança é, simplesmente, pega e levada à instituição. Sob essas condições, é separada e/ou desapropriada de tudo o que lhe é significativo (pessoas e objetos significativos), frequentemente, sem que nada lhe seja dito sobre o que está acontecendo e o que acontecerá. Recepção e acolhimento da criança resumem-se a higienizá-la, alimentá-la e distraí-la, por vezes, a partir de procedimentos altamente invasivos (nudez, fotografia, banho, corte de cabelo e unhas, por exemplo). E a instituição de acolhimento ainda encontra dificuldades para assumir sua corresponsabilidade no trabalho de manutenção dos vínculos familiares e comunitários (demora para dar início às visitas, que são semanais, com uma hora de duração, em dia e horário comerciais e regras rígidas a serem seguidas). Percebe-se que reflexões que promovam a (re)significação da identidade da instituição de acolhimento e a desconstrução das concepções e preconceitos que perpassam a relação entre profissionais e famílias, bem como entre adultos e crianças precisam receber atenção especial e contínua nos espaços já existentes de formação, e em novos espaços que devem ser criados. Apenas assim será possível qualificar o processo de acolhimento inicial da criança. Espera-se que esta pesquisa fomente e subsidie discussões e construções coletivas que contribuam para qualificar os procedimentos atualmente utilizados, perante a urgente necessidade de serem desenvolvidas práticas que respeitem e protejam a criança e não a (re)vitimizem. / When the child enters in a foster care institution, he/she is abruptly separated from family members and placed in a strange place, with strange people. Their initial experience in the institution, how they are received/welcome, will have an effect on the way they face the situation, construct new affectionate relationships and maintain the affective bonds already established. In early child education, the importance of the reception/welcome process is recognized. That does not occur in institutional foster care. Having the Network of Meanings perspective as a basis, this study investigated the process of entry and reception of zero to six years old children, in four foster care institutions of a large inland town of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The process was observed from the perspective of 26 professionals involved: three heads of the institutions, four psychologists, four social workers, three pedagogues, seven educators, one technical support, four tutelar counselors. Interviews included instigative questions in a conversation context. Data was qualitatively analyzed. Results indicate that some investments are being made in professional training. Most professionals who were interviewed are involved in the cause of children and/or in the children per se. Some practices and suggestions of improvements were made for the reception, which indicate sensitivity to the childrens needs and abilities. But, it is still insufficient to guarantee a respectful and welcoming reception process to child and family. Old conceptions impregnate peoples practices and imaginary. Despite some progress observed, decisions are taken with no participation of the child and family, and with no preparation to face the resulting changes. The child is simply caught and taken to the institution. In those conditions, he/she is received in the institution separated or destitute of all that is meaningful (people and objects), frequently with no information about what is occurring or will occur in the future. The reception of the child is reduced to measures of hygiene, feeding and distraction, often through highly invasive procedures (nakedness, photos, bath, hair and nail cut, for example). The foster care institution has difficulties in assuming its co-responsibility in the maintenance of family and community bonds (delays in the visits, just once per week, at working hours, last one hour, with rigid rules to be followed). The spaces for training (and new spaces to be created) should offer opportunities to reflect on this situation, to deconstruct conceptions and prejudices that prevail between professionals and families, as well as between adults and children, helping to build up a new meaning and identity for the foster institution. Only in such way it will be possible to qualify the reception for the children. We do hope this research stimulate and contribute for discussions and collective constructions that improve the quality of those processes. There is an urgent need to develop practices that respect and protect the child and do no (re)victimize her/him.

Quando acolhida institucionalmente, a criança é abruptamente separada de pessoas de referência e colocada em um ambiente estranho, com pessoas desconhecidas. A vivência inicial da criança na instituição, como é recebida/acolhida, influenciará a maneira como enfrentará essa situação, a construção de novas relações afetivas e a manutenção dos vínculos afetivos anteriormente estabelecidos. Na creche/educação infantil, o processo de recepção/acolhimento tem importância reconhecida. O mesmo não acontece no acolhimento institucional. Com base teórico-metodológica na Rede de Significações, objetivou-se investigar o processo de recepção e acolhimento de crianças com idades até 6 anos, desenvolvido por instituições de acolhimento, a partir da perspectiva de profissionais envolvidos no processo. Participaram quatro instituições de cidade de grande porte do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram entrevistadas 26 pessoas: três coordenadoras; quatro psicólogas; quatro assistentes sociais; três pedagogos; sete educadoras; um apoiador técnico; quatro conselheiros tutelares. As entrevistas contaram com questões disparadoras, no contexto de uma conversa e os dados foram analisados qualitativamente. Os resultados indicam que investimentos vêm sendo feitos na formação dos profissionais. E que a maioria dos que participaram da pesquisa está envolvida com a causa da criança e/ou com as crianças em si. Foram relatadas algumas práticas e sugestões de melhoria para o processo de acolhimento inicial, que se mostraram sensíveis às necessidades e capacidades da criança. Porém, ainda é insuficiente para garantir um processo de acolhimento inicial respeitoso e acolhedor para com a criança e sua família. Concepções antigas impregnam as práticas e o imaginário das pessoas. Apesar dos avanços, guardadas as diferenças pessoais/institucionais, decisões são tomadas sem que a criança e família participem efetivamente e sem que sejam preparadas para lidar com as mudanças decorrentes. A criança é, simplesmente, pega e levada à instituição. Sob essas condições, é separada e/ou desapropriada de tudo o que lhe é significativo (pessoas e objetos significativos), frequentemente, sem que nada lhe seja dito sobre o que está acontecendo e o que acontecerá. Recepção e acolhimento da criança resumem-se a higienizá-la, alimentá-la e distraí-la, por vezes, a partir de procedimentos altamente invasivos (nudez, fotografia, banho, corte de cabelo e unhas, por exemplo). E a instituição de acolhimento ainda encontra dificuldades para assumir sua corresponsabilidade no trabalho de manutenção dos vínculos familiares e comunitários (demora para dar início às visitas, que são semanais, com uma hora de duração, em dia e horário comerciais e regras rígidas a serem seguidas). Percebe-se que reflexões que promovam a (re)significação da identidade da instituição de acolhimento e a desconstrução das concepções e preconceitos que perpassam a relação entre profissionais e famílias, bem como entre adultos e crianças precisam receber atenção especial e contínua nos espaços já existentes de formação, e em novos espaços que devem ser criados. Apenas assim será possível qualificar o processo de acolhimento inicial da criança. Espera-se que esta pesquisa fomente e subsidie discussões e construções coletivas que contribuam para qualificar os procedimentos atualmente utilizados, perante a urgente necessidade de serem desenvolvidas práticas que respeitem e protejam a criança e não a (re)vitimizem. / When the child enters in a foster care institution, he/she is abruptly separated from family members and placed in a strange place, with strange people. Their initial experience in the institution, how they are received/welcome, will have an effect on the way they face the situation, construct new affectionate relationships and maintain the affective bonds already established. In early child education, the importance of the reception/welcome process is recognized. That does not occur in institutional foster care. Having the Network of Meanings perspective as a basis, this study investigated the process of entry and reception of zero to six years old children, in four foster care institutions of a large inland town of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The process was observed from the perspective of 26 professionals involved: three heads of the institutions, four psychologists, four social workers, three pedagogues, seven educators, one technical support, four tutelar counselors. Interviews included instigative questions in a conversation context. Data was qualitatively analyzed. Results indicate that some investments are being made in professional training. Most professionals who were interviewed are involved in the cause of children and/or in the children per se. Some practices and suggestions of improvements were made for the reception, which indicate sensitivity to the childrens needs and abilities. But, it is still insufficient to guarantee a respectful and welcoming reception process to child and family. Old conceptions impregnate peoples practices and imaginary. Despite some progress observed, decisions are taken with no participation of the child and family, and with no preparation to face the resulting changes. The child is simply caught and taken to the institution. In those conditions, he/she is received in the institution separated or destitute of all that is meaningful (people and objects), frequently with no information about what is occurring or will occur in the future. The reception of the child is reduced to measures of hygiene, feeding and distraction, often through highly invasive procedures (nakedness, photos, bath, hair and nail cut, for example). The foster care institution has difficulties in assuming its co-responsibility in the maintenance of family and community bonds (delays in the visits, just once per week, at working hours, last one hour, with rigid rules to be followed). The spaces for training (and new spaces to be created) should offer opportunities to reflect on this situation, to deconstruct conceptions and prejudices that prevail between professionals and families, as well as between adults and children, helping to build up a new meaning and identity for the foster institution. Only in such way it will be possible to qualify the reception for the children. We do hope this research stimulate and contribute for discussions and collective constructions that improve the quality of those processes. There is an urgent need to develop practices that respect and protect the child and do no (re)victimize her/him.