Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-06-21T19:23:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mário Nogueira Ferreira - 2018.pdf: 2730919 bytes, checksum: d17744085a831891cce4de0abe038fa4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Foi anexado arquivo errado. é mestrado em direitos humanos e você inseriu uma dissertação da agronomia. on 2018-06-27T11:06:28Z (GMT) / Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-06-28T19:14:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leonardo Bernardes Melo Cavalcanti - 2018.pdf: 5015442 bytes, checksum: 2fc01bfaaa9c3c32d2d08e9ca751a624 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-29T11:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leonardo Bernardes Melo Cavalcanti - 2018.pdf: 5015442 bytes, checksum: 2fc01bfaaa9c3c32d2d08e9ca751a624 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T11:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Leonardo Bernardes Melo Cavalcanti - 2018.pdf: 5015442 bytes, checksum: 2fc01bfaaa9c3c32d2d08e9ca751a624 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-18 / This study is an endeavor to contextualize and understand the physical, symbolic and psychical violence suffered by the military police from the state of Goiás, inside and outside their institution. Moreover, this study also analyses what this exposure may bring as harm to the police officers, their families, their corporation and to the society as a whole, regarding the service of provided by these agents. Thus, from a quantitative and qualitative survey of 656 military police of Goiás, divided into subcategories (patent – Commissioned and Non-Commissioned Officers, gender – men and women, work place – specialized or not). In this sense, it was sought to understand the agents’ feelings towards the war scenario resulted from different forms of violence which affect them entirely. For this understanding it was studied their answers and reports in the questionnaires applied. In order to comprehend the violence practiced by the military police institution and the violence suffered by the military police, it was essential to resort to studies that deal with the violent crime phenomenon, intensified in Brazil since 1980. Therefore, an analysis of the violence in the field of violent crimes was established, focusing not only on the importance of studying the blood shed by the military police, but also the “blood in the uniform”, a symbol of the plentiful forms of violence suffered by these public safety agents. Indeed, it is hoped that there will be a better understanding of this issues which is part of the agenda concerning the assurance of military police human rights. Consequently provide new ways of conceiving the practices and experiences of the military police as citizens and public safety agents. / Este estudo é um esforço em contextualizar e compreender as violências físicas, simbólicas e psíquicas sofridas pelos policiais militares do estado de Goiás, dentro e fora da instituição, bem como o que esta exposição pode trazer de prejuízo para os policiais, suas famílias, a corporação e a sociedade como um todo, no que diz respeito à prestação do serviço incumbido a esses/as agentes. Desse modo, a partir de uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa realizada com 656 policiais militares goianos, divididos em subcategorias (patente – oficiais e praças; gênero – homens e mulheres; local de trabalho – especializado ou não), buscou-se entender, por meio das respostas e dos relatos presentes nos questionários aplicados, os sentimentos desses agentes frente ao cenário de guerra decorrente das variadas formas de violência que os acometem. Com intuito de contribuir para o entendimento da violência praticada pela instituição policial militar e sofrida pelos policiais militares, fez-se necessário recorrer aos estudos que tratam do fenômeno da criminalidade violenta, intensificado no Brasil a partir de 1980. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se uma análise da violência no âmbito da criminalidade violenta, destacando não apenas a importância de se estudar o sangue derramado pelo policial, mas, também, o “sangue na farda”, símbolo das diversas formas de violência sofridas por esses operadores da segurança pública. Com efeito, espera-se que haja uma compreensão aprimorada dos problemas que compõem a pauta concernente à garantia dos direitos humanos, ensejando novos modos de conceber as práticas e as vivências dos policiais militares enquanto cidadãos e agentes de segurança pública.

Introdução O reconhecimento da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes no Brasil se deu no fim da década de 80, com o estabelecimento do ECA, que tornou obrigatória a notificação, mesmo dos casos suspeitos, numa medida de proteção aos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes. Ainda que tenha sua magnitude desconhecida, é apontada como um fenômeno crescente em todo o mundo e seu conhecimento encontra-se em processo de construção. Em função das graves conseqüências que acarreta às vítimas e às suas famílias, seu estudo se justifica, no intuito de dar visibilidade ao tema, a partir dos casos atendidos no Instituto Médico Legal de Fortaleza. Objetivos - Analisar as características da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes atendidos no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Fortaleza, visando contribuir para a formulação de políticas públicas de enfrentamento deste problema na população estudada, a partir de estratégias apropriadas de prevenção e controle. Métodos - Estudo descritivo, transversal, com método quantitativo. A população foi constituída por 343 crianças e adolescentes residentes na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza e atendidos no IML de Fortaleza, no período de 1º de julho a 31 de dezembro de 2008. Para obtenção dos dados foram utilizados a guia policial e o instrumento próprio da pesquisa. Resultados Dentre as vítimas de violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes, observou-se predominância do sexo feminino (235 68,5 por cento) e da faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos. As vítimas moravam, sobretudo, com os pais (166 48,4 por cento), no município de Fortaleza (234 68,2 por cento), em famílias de renda per capita inferior a quatrocentos reais (276 80,4 por cento), cujo principal agressor foi o pai (109 31,8 por cento) e notificante, a mãe (166 48,4 por cento). Os principais tipos de violência doméstica detectados foram: violência física (172 50,1 por cento) e sexual (167 48,7 por cento). Na violência física verificou-se distribuição harmônica quanto ao sexo da vítima (masculino: 77 44,8 por cento; feminino: 95 55,2 por cento), faixa etária predominante de 10 a 14 anos para os homens (27 35,0 por cento) e 15 a 19 anos para as mulheres (38 40,0 por cento), com predomínio de famílias nucleares (94 54,6 por cento), renda per capita inferior a quatrocentos reais (139 80,8 por cento), sendo o pai (58 33,7 por cento) e a mãe (55 31,9 por cento) os principais agressores. Evidenciou-se frequência elevada de habitualidade (137 79,7 por cento), laudo pericial positivo em todos os casos, a maioria das lesões foi leve (168 97,7 por cento), segmento corporal mais atingido foram membros (72 41,8 por cento) e o principal notificante foi a mãe (72 41,0 por cento). A violência sexual revelou supremacia de vítimas do sexo feminino (137 82,0 por cento), faixa etária predominante de 10 a 14 anos (70 51,1 por cento), com percentual elevado de famílias nucleares (71 42,5 por cento) e com padrasto (60 35,9 por cento), renda per capita inferior a quatrocentos reais (133 79,6 por cento), sendo padrasto (54 32,3 por cento) e pai (50 30,0 por cento) os principais agressores. Evidenciou-se frequência elevada de habitualidade (106 63,5 por cento), laudo pericial negativo na maioria dos casos (144 86,2 por cento) e a mãe foi o principal agente notificante (92 55,0 por cento). Conclusões os dados mostram que a violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes evidenciada no IML permite para dar mais visibilidade ao fenômeno, contribuindo para a elaboração de políticas públicas de prevenção e de atendimento às vítimas e suas famílias, visando à diminuição dessa problemática / Introduction - The recognition of domestic violence against children and adolescents in Brazil was in the late 80\'s with the establishment of the ECA, which has obliged to report even suspected cases, a measure of protection to the rights of children and adolescents. Although its magnitude was unknown, is identified as a growing phenomenon around the world and their knowledge is under construction. Because of the serious consequences that entails for victims and their families, their study is warranted in order to give visibility to the issue, from the cases treated at the Forensic Institute in Fortaleza. Objectives - To analyze the characteristics of domestic violence against children and adolescents treated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML) of Fortaleza, in order to contribute to the formulation of public policies to face this problem in the population studied, as appropriate strategies for prevention and control. Methods - Cross-sectional study with quantitative method. The study population consisted of 343 children and adolescents living in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza and served in the IML of Fortaleza in the period from July 1 to December 31, 2008. To obtain the data were used to guide police and the instrument\'s own research. Results - Among the victims of domestic violence against children and adolescents, there was a predominance of females (235 - 68.5 per cent) and aged 10 to 14 years. The victims lived, especially with parents (166 - 48.4 per cent), in Fortaleza (234 - 68.2 per cent) in families of per capita income of less than four hundred reais (276 - 80.4 per cent), the main aggressor was the father (109 - 31.8 per cent) and notifying, the mother (166 - 48.4 per cent). The main types of domestic violence identified were: physical violence (172 - 50.1 per cent) and sexual (167 - 48.7 per cent). Physical violence occurred harmonic distribution by sex of victim (male: 77 - 44.8 per cent, female: 95 - 55.2 per cent), predominant age group of 10 to 14 years for men (27 - 35.0 per cent) and 15 to 19 years for women (38 - 40.0 per cent), with a predominance of nuclear families (94 - 54.6 per cent), per capita income of less than four hundred reais (139 - 80.8 per cent), and father (58 - 33.7 per cent) and mother (55 - 31.9 per cent) the main aggressors. It was observed high frequency of habituation (137 - 79.7 per cent), expert report positive in all cases, most injuries were mild (168 - 97.7 per cent), body part most affected were members (72 41.8 per cent) and the main notifying was the mother (72 - 41.0 per cent). Sexual violence revealed the supremacy of female victims (137 - 82.0 per cent), predominant age group of 10 to 14 years (70 - 51.1 per cent), with a high percentage of nuclear families (71 - 42.5 per cent) and stepfather (60 - 35.9 per cent), per capita income of less than four hundred reais (133 - 79.6 per cent) and stepfather (54 - 32.3 per cent) and father (50 - 30.0 per cent) the main aggressors. It was observed high frequency of habituation (106 - 63.5 per cent), expert report negative in most cases (144 - 86.2 per cent) and the mother was the principal agent notifying (92 - 55.0 per cent). Conclusions - the data show that domestic violence against children and adolescents demonstrated in the IML allows for the visibility of the phenomenon, contributing to the development of public policies to prevent and care for victims and their families in order to reduce this problem

O objetivo geral desta tese, composta por três artigos, é analisar as causas da criminalidade. As análises são feitas sob a ótica da Economia do Crime. Os dois primeiros artigos são independentes, mas complementares. Neles se busca lançar luz sobre as possíveis causas da queda do crime na cidade São Paulo. A ênfase recai na política de desarmamento dos cidadãos, no desempenho da Polícia e nas condições econômicas, em particular do mercado de trabalho. No primeiro deles, o objetivo é avaliar o efeito do Estatuto do Desarmamento sobre a criminalidade letal. Para isso foram utilizados dados de séries temporais da cidade de São Paulo na aplicação de uma metodologia de análise de intervenção. A hipótese de que a política de desarmamento causou redução na taxa de crimes letais não é rejeitada. Partindo dessa evidência, no segundo artigo o principal objetivo é investigar possíveis causas da significativa redução da criminalidade na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de uma análise de cointegração evidenciaram-se relações de longo prazo entre crime, atividade econômica e desempenho da Polícia. Os resultados indicam que a taxa de crimes letais é positivamente relacionada ao desemprego, negativamente relacionada ao salário real e negativamente relacionada aos resultados das atividades de polícia, especificamente prisões e apreensão de armas de fogo. Ademais, não é rejeitada a hipótese de que o Estatuto do Desarmamento causou redução na taxa de crimes letais, reforçando a conclusão feita no primeiro artigo desta tese. No terceiro artigo, o foco das análises passa a ser os determinantes do risco de vitimização criminal. O objetivo é investigar os efeitos da riqueza dos indivíduos no risco de serem vítimas de crimes contra a propriedade, em particular crimes de furto/roubo a residência e furto/roubo a pessoa. Em termos específicos, o intuito é investigar se a relação entre risco de vitimização e riqueza pode ser descrita por uma parábola com concavidade voltada para baixo. São utilizados os dados de duas pesquisas domiciliares de vitimização realizadas na cidade de São Paulo na estimação de modelos probit. Os resultados das estimações indicaram que a riqueza dos indivíduos é um dos determinantes do risco de vitimização criminal a propriedade. Ademais, evidenciou-se que o risco de vitimização cresce com a riqueza, mas atinge um ponto de máximo, a partir do qual se reduz para níveis de riqueza mais elevados. / This three-article PhD thesis aims to investigate the causes of crime using an economic approach. The first two articles are independent, but complementary. In these articles, the objective is to shed light on possible causes of reductions in the crime rate in Sao Paulo city, focusing on the citizen disarmament policy, police performance, economic conditions and, particularly, the labor market. In the first article, the objective is assessing the effect of the Disarmament Statute on lethal crime rates. For this purpose, we used time-series data for Sao Paulo city in applying an intervention analysis methodology. The hypothesis that the disarmament policy led to a decline in the lethal crime rate is not rejected. Based on this evidence, the main objective of the second article is to investigate possible causes for the significant reduction observed in crime rates in Sao Paulo city. By applying a cointegration analysis, we observed long-run relationships between crime, economic activity and police performance. The results indicate that the lethal crime rate is positively related to unemployment and negatively related to real wages and to the results of law-enforcement activities, specifically arrests and seizure of firearms. Moreover, the hypothesis that the Disarmament Statute led to a reduction in the lethal crime rate is not rejected, reinforcing the conclusion arrived at in the first article of this thesis. In the third article, the focus of the analysis shifts to the determinants of criminal victimization. In this study, the objective is to investigate the effects of the wealth of individuals on the risk of becoming victims of property crimes, particularly crimes of theft/robbery of residence and theft/robbery of person. Specifically, its aim is to investigate whether the relationship between wealth and victimization risk can be described by a concave down parabola. Data from two household surveys on victimization held in Sao Paulo were used to estimate probit models. It became evident that the wealth of individuals is one of the determinants of victimization risk. And it was found that criminal victimization risk increases with wealth, but that it reaches a maximum point from which it decreases as wealth levels increase.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e compreender as possibilidades de participação civil na área de Segurança Pública no Brasil. O objeto empírico desta pesquisa foram as equipes técnicas dos projetos sociais de enfrentamento a violência contra jovens e contra mulheres, no bairro de Guajuviras, na cidade de Canoas/RS. Para a realização deste estudo foi levantado o processo histórico da Segurança Pública no Brasil a partir da ação de polícia e a representação social do crime. Nesse sentido foram apresentados conceitos de marginalização e exclusão social, a partir dos estigmas referentes a determinadas categorias sociais. O viés punitivo e a seletividade do sistema de justiça criminal, juntamente com o processo de vitimização, estão interligados na consagração do conceito de segurança pública reativa. A partir dessa consagração foram trabalhados os limites e as potencialidades da participação civil na mudança de paradigma da Segurança Pública no país, com novos atores e uma perspectiva de afirmação de direitos. / The present work aims to analyze and understand the possibilities for citizen participation in the Public Safety in Brazil. The empirical object of this research were the technical teams of social projects to tackle the violence against youngs and women in the Guajuviras neighborhood in the city of Canoas / RS. For this study the historical process of public security in Brazil from the police action and the social representation of crime was raised. In this sense the concepts of marginalization and social exclusion, from the stigmas related to certain social categories were presented. The punitive bias and selectivity of the criminal justice system, along with the process of victimization, are interconnected in recognition of the concept of reactive public safety. From this consecration were worked the limits and potential of citizen participation in the paradigm shift of public security in the country, with new players and a prospect of assertion of rights.

Sofrer bullying na infância e na adolescência se configura como fator de risco para a instalação e manutenção de problemas de comportamento e de transtornos psiquiátricos. A adversidade familiar, por sua vez, contribui para o envolvimento em situações de bullying. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (1) avaliar e comparar os escores de problemas de comportamento em dois grupos (vítimas e não vítimas de bullying), obtidos por meio do autorrelato e do relato dos professores e (2) verificar correlações entre os escores de adversidade familiar e de problemas de comportamento nos dois grupos. Participaram 154 adolescentes, dos quais 31 (20,1%) foram identificados como vítimas de bullying, por meio da Escala de Violência Escolar (EVE) e da versão traduzida do Peer Assessment. Para avaliar os problemas de comportamento foram utilizadas as versões brasileiras do Youth Self Report/11-18 (YSR) e do Teacher Report Form (TRF). O índice de adversidade familiar (IAF) avaliou o nível de adversidade familiar entre as famílias. Mais adolescentes vítimas de bullying foram avaliados com problemas de comportamento internalizantes, externalizantes e totais em nível clínico, quando comparados ao grupo de não vítimas. As maiores diferenças entre grupos foram verificadas na subescala de Depressão e Ansiedade, a partir do relato dos adolescentes, e na escala de Comportamento Agressivo, de acordo com os professores. Os alunos alvos de bullying relataram mais problemas de comportamento internalizantes (F=13,3 e p=0,001) e menos problemas de comportamento externalizantes (F=6,63 e p=0,013), quando comparados ao relato de seus professores. A presença de discórdia conjugal foi mais frequente em famílias de alunos vítimas de bullying, atingindo diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos ( 2 =4,2 e p=0,04). Houve correlação positiva e ligeira entre os escores de problemas de comportamento, relatados pelos alunos, e os escores de adversidade familiar (=0,288 e p=0,001). Embora os escores de problemas de comportamento, sobretudo internalizantes, relatados por vítimas de bullying tenham sido significativamente superiores aos relatados por não vítimas, e tenham atingido níveis clínicos, os professores parecem não estarem sensíveis a estes indicadores. Identificar problemas de comportamento e características familiares adversas associadas à vitimização, assim como avaliar a percepção dos próprios envolvidos e de seus professores, contribui para o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas de bullying em escolas brasileiras / Being bullied in childhood and adolescence is configured as a risk factor for the installation and maintenance of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. Family adversity, in turn, contributes to involvement in bullying situations. The aims of the study were: (1) to evaluate and compare the scores of behavior problems in two groups (victims and non-victims of bullying), obtained by self-report and by teachers report, and (2) examine correlations between the scores of family adversity and behavior problems of the two groups. Participated 154 adolescents, of whom, 31 (20.1%) were identified as victims of bullying, through the School Violence Scale (EVE) and through the translated version of the Peer Assessment. To assess the behavioral problems, the Brazilian versions of the Youth Self Report/11-18 (YSR) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF) were used. The family adversity index (LAI), from Rutter, assessed the level of family adversity among the families. Most adolescent victims of bullying were assessed with internalizing problems, externalizing, and total behavior at a clinical level, when compared with non-victims. The biggest differences between groups were found in the subscale of Depression and Anxiety, according to the teenagers and the Aggressive Behavior scale, according to teachers. The target of bullying students reported more internalizing behavior problems (F = 13.3, p = 0.001) and fewer externalizing behavior problems (F = 6.63, p = 0.013), when compared with their teachers. The presence of interparental conflict was more frequent in families of students bullied, reaching statistically significant difference between groups ( 2 = 4.2, p = 0.04). There was a slight and positive correlation between the scores of behavioral problems reported by students and the family adversity scores ( = 0.288, p = 0.001). While scores of behavior problems, especially internalizing, reported by victims of bullying were significantly higher than those reported by non-victims, and have reached clinical levels, the teachers do not seem to be sensitive to these indicators. Identify behavior problems and family characteristics associated with victimization, and to evaluate the perception of the involved and their teachers contribute to the development of preventive measures of bullying in Brazilian schools

INTRODUÇÃO: O suicídio é uma das principais causas de morte violenta em todo o mundo e uma questão de saúde pública, em virtude do aumento no número de casos principalmente entre os jovens. O consumo excessivo de álcool é um grave problema de saúde pública, pois a embriaguez prejudica o juízo crítico e o autocontrole, podendo desencadear o comportamento violento e/ou autodestrutivo, o que sugere uma associação entre consumo de álcool e vitimização por suicídio. No Brasil, faltam estudos que permitam uma abordagem epidemiológica para apoiar estratégias preventivas, com o objetivo de reduzir o número de mortes por suicídio e seus custos financeiros relacionados. OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre consumo de álcool e vitimização por suicídio na cidade de São Paulo e sua relação com as características sócio-demográficas das vítimas e as circunstâncias do suicídio. MÉTODO: Dados de 1.700 vítimas de suicídio submetidas ao exame dosagem alcoólica no sangue, no período de 2011 a 2015, foram obtidos a partir dos laudos de exames toxicológicos realizados no Instituto Médico Legal do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados coletados foram: sexo, idade, cor da pele, método suicida, dosagem alcoólica no sangue, data e horário da morte. RESULTADOS: O álcool foi detectado no sangue de 30,24% das vítimas, com uma média de alcoolemia de 1,73 ± 0,08 g/L. A maioria das vítimas pertencia ao sexo masculino (74,59%), sendo que a prevalência dos níveis de alcoolemia positiva foi maior entre os homens (34,70%) do que entre as mulheres (17,13%). A média de idade das vítimas foi de 39,90 ± 0,75 anos, sendo que a média de idade das vítimas com alcoolemia positiva (37,94 ± 1,08 anos) foi menor que das vítimas com alcoolemia negativa (40,75 ± 0,96 anos). A maior prevalência de vítimas com alcoolemia positiva foi na faixa etária de 25 a 44 anos. A faixa de alcoolemia predominante foi de 0,6-2,5 g/L. Observou-se prevalência de indivíduos de cor branca na amostra (64,65%), porém houve maior proporção de vítimas de cor parda e negra com alcoolemia positiva. O enforcamento foi o método suicida de maior prevalência na amostra (48,65%) e entre os homens (55,36%), enquanto que entre as mulheres foi a precipitação (34,96%). O enforcamento foi o método que apresentou a maior proporção de vítimas com alcoolemia positiva para ambos os sexos. A maioria dos suicídios ocorreu no período diurno (63,41%), porém houve maior proporção de vítimas com alcoolemia positiva nos finais de semana e no período noturno. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos reforçam a existência de uma associação entre consumo de álcool e vitimização por suicídio na cidade de São Paulo, mesmo que uma relação causal não tenha sido estabelecida entre ambos, pois o álcool foi detectado no sangue de 30,24% das vítimas de suicídio, com uma média de alcoolemia de 1,73 ± 0,08 g/L. Indivíduos com esse valor de alcoolemia podem apresentar prejuízo do juízo crítico e do autocontrole, podendo desencadear o comportamento suicida naqueles com predisposiçao para tal / INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a leading cause of violent death worldwide and a major public health issue, as there has been an increase in the number of suicides, especially amongst young people. Excessive alcohol consumption is a serious public health problem, as drunkenness affects critical judgment and self-control and can trigger violent and/or self-destructive behavior, which suggests an association between alcohol consumption and victimization by suicide. In Brazil, there is a lack of studies that allow an epidemiological approach to support preventive actions in order to reduce the number of deaths by suicide and their related financial costs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between alcohol consumption and victimization by suicide in the city of Sao Paulo and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics of the victims and the circumstances of suicide. METHOD: Data from 1,700 suicide victims subjected to examination of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) from 2011 to 2015 were obtained from toxicology reports performed in the Institute of Legal Medicine of the State of Sao Paulo. Data was collected on sex, age, skin color, suicide method, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), date and time of death. RESULTS: Alcohol was detected in blood samples of 30.24% of the victims and mean BAC levels were 1.73 ± 0.08 g/L. The majority of the victims were male (74.59%) and the prevalence of positive BAC was higher amongst men (34.70%) than women (17.13%). The mean age of the victims was 39.90 ± 0.75 years, while the mean age of victims with positive BAC (37.94 ± 1.08 years) was lower than victims with no detectable alcohol levels (40.75 ± 0.96 years). The most prevalent age group with positive BAC was 25-44 years. The most prevalent range of positive BAC was 0.6 to 2.5 g/L. The majority of the victims were white skinned (64.65%), but there was a higher proportion of victims with positive BAC among mulatto and black individuals. Hanging was the most prevalent suicide method in the sample (48.65%) and amongst men (55.36%), but amongst women it was precipitation (34.96%). Hanging was the suicide method with the highest proportion of victims with positive BAC, for both sexes. The majority of suicides occurred during the day (63.41%), but there was a higher proportion of victims with positive BAC on weekends and at night time. CONCLUSION: The results support the existence of an association between alcohol consumption and victimization by suicide in the city of Sao Paulo, even though a causal relationship has not been established between them, because alcohol was detected in blood samples of 30.24% of the victims and mean BAC levels were 1.73 ± 0.08 g/L. Individuals with this BAC level may present critical judgment and self-control impairment, and may trigger suicidal behavior in those with a predisposition to do so

L’étude du harcèlement systématique entre pairs à l’école (school bullying) est-il éclairé par l’approfondissement de la relation aux normes qu’entretiennent les jeunes acteurs ? Quels sont les éléments clé aidant l’identification et la compréhension du phénomène ?A partir d’une redéfinition du bullying insistant sur les apports croisés de chaque protagoniste sur la scène des dynamiques indésirables, le travail propose une étude située du problème. Chaque acte et chaque initiative de type bullying sont ainsi analysés dans le cadre de la situation spécifique qu’ils dessinent et dont ils relèvent à la fois. Pour cela, l’attention est portée sur les attributions de sens et sur la perception réciproque d’adhésions normatives mises en avant par les élèves concernés. Quatre classes scolaires italiennes sont analysées dans leurs dynamiques relationnelles et conflictuelles ; du point de vue de leur organisation, de l’ordre et de la discipline ; en termes d’investissements axiologiques opérés par les jeunes et leur entourage et encouragés par les enseignants. / School bullying: does the study of peer harassment in schools delve deeper into the relationships of young people with rules and values? What are the key factors that can help to better identify and understand the phenomenon ? The work starts from a re-definition of school bullying based on the cross contribution of each character acting in the educational scene where the undesirable dynamics take place to propose a local analysis of the problem. Each school bullying initiative is analysed in the context of the specific situation that it create and from which it raises. Attention is also brought to the attribution of meanings as well as to the reciprocal perception of the compliance with the rules by students. Four Italian classrooms are examined taking into account the dynamics of their relationships and conflicts; their organization, rules and discipline; the axiological investments made by young people and promoted by their teachers.

Prior research has shown that college women in the United States are experiencing significantly high rates of verbal intimate partner violence (IPV); estimates indicate that approximately 20-30% of college women experience verbal IPV victimization (e.g., Hines, 2007; Muñoz-Rivas, Graña, O'Leary, & González, 2009). Verbal IPV is associated with physical consequences, such as chronic pain and migraine headaches, and psychological implications, including anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and substance use (Coker et al., 2002). However, few studies have examined verbal IPV in college populations, and none have focused on Hispanic college women who are members of the largest minority population on college campuses today (Pew Research Center, 2013), and experience higher rates of IPV victimization (Ingram, 2007). The current dissertation sought to address these gaps by examining the influence of familial conflict strategies on Hispanic college women’s verbal IPV victimization. Further, within group differences were explored, with specific attention paid to the role of acculturation and gender role beliefs. A total of 906 from two Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) in the southeastern (N=502) and southwestern (N=404) United States participated in the three part study. Study one examined the influence of parental conflict strategies on Hispanic women’s verbal IPV victimization in current romantic relationships. Consistent with previous research, results indicated that parental use of verbal violence influenced verbal IPV victimization in the current romantic relationship. A unidirectional effect of paternal use of verbal aggression towards the participant on maternal verbal aggression towards the participant was also found. Study two examined the influence of parental conflict strategies, acculturation, and gender role beliefs on victimization. Acculturation and gender role beliefs were found to not have an influence on participants’ verbal IPV victimization. Study three examined within-group differences using Study two’s model. Differences were found between the southeastern and southwestern participants; gender role beliefs increased rates of verbal IPV victimization in the southeastern population. The current dissertation fills a gap in the literature on IPV experiences in Hispanic college populations, the importance of examining verbal IPV trends, and highlights importance differing cultural influences within populations traditionally viewed as homogenous. The implications for future research are discussed.

This study investigated if girls and boys high in ADHD symptomology exhibited and experienced relational and overt aggression differently than boys and girls without ADHD symptoms using peer, parent and teacher ratings. A measurement of social behavior for parent ratings was also validated. Using archival data, 371 3rd- 6th graders from a north Texas school district participated in the study, along with a parent or guardian and teachers. Results supported that ADHD subtype predicted more overt aggression according to parents and teachers but not peers. ADHD subtype did not predict more relational aggression but ADHD symptomology did. Contrary to past research, gender did not moderate relational aggression or internalizing symptoms from relational victimization. Furthermore, a parent version of the Child Social Behavior Scale was found to effectively measure relational, overt and prosocial behavior. Limitations, future directions and implications are discussed.

eer victimization is a common experience that is associated with later psychopathology. However, there is inconsistency in the strength and statistical significance of this effect. The current study used two methods to try to understand this inconsistency. First, co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms were considered dimensionally. Second, the present study considered temperament as a potential moderator to explain the multifinality of outcomes that occur following peer victimization. A community sample (N = 387; 52% female) of early adolescents (11-15) from a longitudinal study of risk and resilience factors for psychopathology was utilized to test hypotheses. Cross-lagged examinations between victimization and psychopathology were examined, including the moderating effect of temperament. No longitudinal relationship between victimization and psychopathology was found. A significant interaction between victimization and effortful control predicted externalizing and co-occurring symptoms. Future researchers should consider improving the measurement of victimization and temperament to get a better understanding of the effect.