Orientador: Edison Duarte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T18:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MagnoeSilva_MariliaPassos_M.pdf: 3580250 bytes, checksum: c4f7cecf90ba10e11c4cc93e9c90dbe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Estudos na área de lesões esportivas em atletas com deficiência apresentam em sua maioria um desenho de pesquisa que agrega dados de diferentes deficiências (físicas e sensoriais) e modalidades esportivas, criando dificuldades na interpretação dos resultados. Já que diferentes deficiências e modalidades esportivas podem causar diferentes tipos de lesão. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar a frequência das lesões esportivas em atletas com deficiência visual. Além de identificar as áreas corporais mais lesionadas; o mecanismo das lesões esportivas; as principais lesões esportivas que acometem os atletas com deficiência visual; traçar as características lesionais pertinente a cada modalidade; verificar se o grau de deficiência visual apresenta relação com a frequência de lesões esportivas. Fizeram parte do estudo atletas com deficiência visual, de ambos os gêneros, integrantes da seleção brasileira nas modalidades de atletismo, futebol de 5, goalball, judô e natação, em competições internacionais, entre os anos de 2004 a 2008. A coleta de dados se deu através de uma ficha utilizada pela Confederação Brasileira de Desporto para Cegos e pelo Comitê Paraolímpico Brasileiro, contendo as seguintes informações: nome, data de nascimento, modalidade esportiva, competição, classificação visual, mecanismo de lesão, segmento corporal, local da lesão, diagnóstico. Participaram do estudo 131 atletas, sendo 42 do sexo feminino e 89 do sexo masculino, 61 com classe visual B1, 46 com classe B2 e 24 com classe B3. Desse total 102 atletas apresentaram 288 lesões resultando em 2,82 lesões por atleta. O judô foi a modalidade que apresentou o maior número de lesão por atleta, seguido pelo futebol de 5, atletismo, goalball e natação. No aspecto geral atletas do sexo feminino lesionam mais que atletas do sexo masculino, porém essa diferença não é estatisticamente significante. Com relação à classificação visual atletas B1 lesionam mais que B2 e esses mais que B3, porém só foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os atletas B1 e B3. De forma geral os atletas apresentam valores próximos entre lesões por acidente esportivo e sobrecarga, mas esse valor varia com a análise por modalidade. No futebol de 5 e judô são mais frequentes lesões por acidente esportivo, enquanto que no atletismo e natação lesões por sobrecarga e no goalball o valor entre os dois mecanismos de lesão são próximos. A respeito dos segmentos corporais, os membros inferiores foram mais acometidos, seguido por membros superiores, coluna, cabeça e tronco, porém esses valores também se modificam de acordo com a modalidade praticada. Futebol de 5 e atletismo apresentam lesões principalmente em membros inferiores, natação na região da coluna, goalball e judô são acometidos tanto em membros superiores como inferiores com valores próximos. Foram encontrados 21 diagnósticos diferentes, sendo as tendinoses, contraturas e contusões com maior ocorrencia, mas que também são influenciadas de acordo com a modalidade praticada. / Abstract: Most researches about sport injuries in disabled athletes use a cross-disability (physical and sensorial) design and merge different sport modalities in the same study. This procedure creates difficulties in interpreting the results, once different disabilities and modalities may cause different injury conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyse the sport injuries frequency in visually disabled athletes. Besides identifying the location of injury, the mechanism of injury, and the main injuries that affect these athletes, this study aims to trace the sports injuries characteristics for each modality, to verify if the visual class relates to the sport injury frequency. The subjects were male and female visually impaired athletes, members of the Brazilian team of athletics, soccer 5, goalball, judo, and swimming, who played in international competitions between 2004 and 2008. Data was collected using the Brazilian Paralympic Committee and the Brazilian Confederation of Sports for the Blind formulary, which included the following information: name, age, modality, competition, visual classification (B1, B2, B3), injury type, location of injury, and diagnosis. A total of 131 athletes participated in this study: 42 female, 89 male, 61 were B1, 46 B2, and 24 B3. From this total, 102 athletes reported 288 sport injuries; 2,82 injuries per athlete. Judo presented more injuries per athlete, followed by soccer 5, athletics, goalball, and swimming. Female athletes presented more injuries than male athletes, however this showed no statistical significance. Regarding visual classification, B1 athletes got more injuries than B2 athletes, and these more than B3 athletes; statistically significant difference was found only between B1 and B3 group. As one group, athletes presented similar values between accident and overuse injuries, but these values change when modalities are individually evaluated. Soccer 5 and judo sustained more accident injuries; athletics and swimming presented more overuse injuries; and goalball presented similar values between accident and overuse injuries. Concerning the body segment, lower limbs showed more injuries, followed by upper limbs, spine, head, and trunk. These values also changed when modalities were individually evaluated. Soccer 5 and athletics had most injuries in lower limbs; swimming in spine and upper limb; goalball and judo presented similar values in upper and lower limbs. Twenty-one diagnoses were reported, being tendinoses, contractures, and contusions the most frequent. These diagnoses also change when modalities are individually evaluated. / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Mestre em Educação Física

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A adolescÃncia à uma fase da vida em que se dà a maturaÃÃo sexual e à acompanhada por transformaÃÃes psicolÃgicas e sociais. As pessoas portadoras de deficiÃncia visual estÃo sujeitas ao mesmo processo, mas este à um tema escassamente tratado pela literatura. Devido Ãs transformaÃÃes nesta fase da vida, as indefiniÃÃes que as acompanham, somada à deficiÃncia visual, justifica-se um estudo sobre a vivÃncia da sexualidade das adolescentes portadoras de deficiÃncia visual inseridas na sociedade e na comunidade escolar. Foram entrevistadas cinco adolescentes deficientes visuais em um Centro de Apoio PedagÃgico (CAP) para cegos e ou deficientes visuais com questÃes que buscaram o conhecimento e a compreensÃo por parte das adolescentes sobre as causa da sua deficiÃncia visual, seu grau de escolaridade, composiÃÃo e orientaÃÃes familiares, experiÃncia afetivo-sexual, nÃvel de conhecimento acerca de assuntos relacionados à sexualidade dentre eles mÃtodos contraceptivos e doenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis. Os resultados permitiram perceber que as adolescentes deficientes visuais apresentam as mesmas caracterÃsticas de desenvolvimento da sexualidade das demais pessoas, embora possuam caracterÃsticas prÃprias. A falta da visÃo nÃo diminui o interesse sexual, apenas faz com que a curiosidade sobre esse assunto torne-se diferenciada: elas querem conhecer seus corpos e seu funcionamento. Como todas as adolescentes, as jovens que nÃo vÃem tambÃm buscam definir sua identidade e seu lugar na sociedade. AlÃm disso, querem descobrir sua prÃpria sexualidade e encontrar meios adequados para expressar seus impulsos sexuais e vivenciar relacionamentos afetivos. Està presente o desconhecimento sobre mÃtodos contraceptivos e DSTs, sendo as informaÃÃes superficiais. Reflete-se que para gerar uma cultura de promoÃÃo da saÃde à imprescindÃvel que o conhecimento se faÃa de forma acessÃvel para esta populaÃÃo. Acreditamos que as adolescentes deficientes visuais devem tomar suas prÃprias decisÃes exercendo assim seus direitos e deveres para o pleno exercÃcio de sua cidadania. / Adolescence is a phase of life marked by sexual maturation and accompanied by psychological and social transformations. Although visually impaired persons are subject to the same process, literature has dedicated little attention to this theme. The combination between transformations in this phase of life, the indefiniteness they are accompanied by and the visual impairment justify a study about the sexual experience of female, visually impaired adolescents inserted in society and in the school community. We interviewed five visually impaired adolescents at a Pedagogical Support Center (PSC) for blind and/or visually impaired people. Questions attempted to find out how these adolescents perceived the cause of their visual impairment, their education level, family composition and orientations, affective-sexual experience, level of knowledge about sexuality-related issues, including contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. Results revealed that visually impaired adolescents display the same sexual development characteristics as other people, although with their own properties. The lack of vision does not decrease sexual interest, but only differentiates their curiosity about this subject: they want to get to know their body and its functioning. Like all adolescents, young people who cannot see also attempt to define their identity and place in society. Moreover, they want to discover their own sexuality, find adequate means to express their sexual impulses and experience affective relationships. We found lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods and STDs, with superficial information. In order to create a health promotion culture, knowledge accessible to this population is essential. We believe that visually impaired adolescents should take their own decisions, thus practicing their rights and obligations with a view to the full exercise of citizenship.

The development of human-computer interaction (HCI) systems, usable by people withvisual impairments is a progressing field of research. Similarly, the creation of audio-onlygames and digital tools has been investigated somewhat thoroughly, with many interestingresults. This thesis aims to combine the two fields in the creation of an audio-only digital tool,aimed at aiding visually impaired persons to navigate unknown areas. This is done by lookingat the field of HCI systems, and games for blind, and by looking at the concept of mentalmaps and spatial orientation within cognitive science. An application is created, evaluatedand tested based on a set number of criteria. An experiment is performed and the results areevaluated and compared to another digital tool in order to learn more about how to increasethe usability and functionality of digital tools for the visually impaired. The results give astrong indication towards how to best proceed with future research.

This thesis explores how an Android application that is used in combination with tangible appcessories is capable of facilitating a learning experience for visually impaired students within the specific domain of geometry. This study’s approach illustrates how using an application in combination with a physical appcessory can provide information concerning geometry to the visually impaired. An application, called Invisible Tangible Geometry (ITG), was programmed using Android in conjunction with a 3D printed model. This thesis describes the application, the physical appcessory, as well as early stage user studies. The application enables visually impaired users to explore simple geometric forms displayed on a tablet through sound and vibrotactile feedback. A physical appcessory, that can be manipulated to adopt several forms and is dynamic, is used in addition. Its shape is sensed by the tablet adds an additional tactile layer to the application and experience. Within the thesis a methodological framework, as well as a user-centered design approach was applied. An expert interview and three user engagements with visually impaired individuals serve as early validations of the project and ideas and provide feedback that directs design and development of future work. Current avenues for the future work will include additional interaction modes in the application. For example, the ability to digitize real world forms, and improving the robustness of the tangible appcessory. The plan, for future development, is to establish an autonomous functioning application that enables the visually impaired to be able to explore, participate and interact with geometry smoothly and without the need of aid from others. The correlation of application and appcessory will allow for anything between a quick glance, through feeling the model, and gaining detailed information, by using the application. The application enhances provided information through the use of a model and enriched digital feedback.

Swedish education needs to change in order to reverse the negative trend in PISA and TIMSS. At the same time digital artifacts are increasingly present in the classroom and commercial applications more available. It is difficult to determine which technical tool that provide real results and it is not yet clear what role technology should have in the classroom. This study examines how visualisation and technology can be used to promote deeper understanding of algebra by addressing the misconception that frequently occurs among students. Observation and interviews were held with students from two schools, one in Norrköping and one in Östersund. Theory regarding algebraic misconceptions have been studied and compiled into two categories. In addition, three prototypes were developed with and later evaluated by a focus group. This work has resulted in suggestions on what technical and interactive activities could be used in algebraic education. The study shows that more research is needed to determine how technology best can be implemented and used effectively in teaching. The work also shows that such research and development needs to be implemented with a user-centered approach with the involvement of relevant target groups. / Svensk undervisning är i behov att förändras för att vända den negativa trenden i PISA och TIMSS. Samtidigt är digitala artefakter alltmer närvarande i klassrummet och kommersiella applikationer alltmer tillgängliga. Det är svårt att avgöra vilka tekniska verktyg som ger faktiska resultat och det är ännu inte klarlagt vilken roll tekniken bör spela i en klassrumssituation. I detta arbete undersöks hur visualiseringar och teknik kan användas för att främja djupare förståelse inom algebra genom att adressera missuppfattningar som ofta förekommer hos elever. Observation och intervjuer genomfördes med elever på två skolor, en i Norrköping och en i Östersund. Teori om algebraiska missuppfattningar har studerats och sammanställts i två kategorier. Dessutom har tre prototyper utvecklats tillsammans med, och utvärderats av, en fokusgrupp. Arbetet har resulterat i förslag på vad tekniska och interaktiva aktiviteter skulle kunna innebära i algebraisk matematikundervisning. Det visar att mer forskning behövs för att avgöra hur teknik på bästa sätt kan implementeras och utnyttjas effektivt inom undervisning. Arbetet visar också att sådan forskning och utveckling behöver genomföras med en användarcentrerad ansats med delaktighet från berörda målgrupper.

Navigating to different locations isn’t always easy. Imagine then how it is for people with a visual impairment to walk across the street or to get from one point to another. The Swedish Association of the Visually Impaired (SRF) has pointed out that today's society is not sufficiently accessible to people with visual impairment and there are improvements that need to get done. Technology is something that has evolved a lot this last decade and occurs today almost everywhere in our environment.In some areas, technology has facilitated people's daily life very much and we have therefore chosen to examine whether a combination of several technical functions integrated into the fictive artifact called Eyenavster can facilitate outdoor orientation and increase the accessibility for people with a visual impairment.Qualitative data collection methods have been used in this study by six interviews to answer our question. It was found that the fictional artifact Eyenavster could facilitate outdoor orientation in unfamiliar environment and on those occasions when people with a visual impairment get lost. / Att enkelt och smidigt kunna hitta till olika platser är inte alltid lätt, försök föreställa dig då hur det är för människor som har en synskada att bland annat gå tvärs över gatan eller att ta sig från punkt a till b. Synskadades Riksförbund (SRF) har påpekat att dagens samhälle inte är tillräckligt tillgänglig för människor som har en synskada och att en del förbättringar krävs för att åtgärda det. Teknik är något som har växt väldigt mycket under den senaste tiden och förkommer idag nästan överallt i vår omgivning.Inom vissa områden har tekniken underlättat människans vardag väldigt mycket, därför har vi i denna studie valt att undersöka om en kombination av ett flertal tekniska funktioner integrerade i den fiktiva artefakt Eyenavster kan underlätta utomhusorienteringen och därmed öka tillgängligheten för människor som har en synskada.I denna studie har en kvalitativ datainsamlingsmetod använts genom sex respondentintervjuer för att besvara vår frågeställning. Det framkommer att den fiktiva artefakten Eyenavster skulle kunna underlätta utomhusorienteringen i okända miljöer samt vid de tillfällen man går vilse.

This thesis explores how to design for the visually impaired. During the course of work, a literature study and interviews with blind and visually impaired people were conducted. The objective was to investigate what contextual information is wanted in new and unfamiliar spaces outside their home. The interviews also explored how they experience digital tools they are using today and what they think of the possibilities of voice and other user interfaces. The main finding from the study is that there are indications that multimodal interfaces are preferred. The interface should combine voice, haptic and graphics since the participants wanted to interact in different ways depending on functionality and context. Three main problem areas were identified, navigation, public transportation and shopping. Another result was that when developing for the visually impaired it should always be tested on people with a wide variation of vision loss to find the correct contextual information.

Braille literacy is an important and vital part of visually impaired and blind peoples’ everyday lives. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate different feedback modalities used in a smartphone game and analyze their impact and effectiveness on alphabetic braille learning. In this study, three different modalities were used and tested. These were tactile feedback, auditory feedback, and a combination of both. A quantitative method and a post-test consisting of braille writing and reading exercises was used to measure the effectiveness of each feedback modality. 18 people, equally distributed between the three different feedback modalities participated in the study. Each played the game using blindfolds. The result show that there was no statistically significant difference between the feedback modalities as determined by a one-way ANOVA test. However, a practical difference when playing the game was found. The respondents who used the combined feedback method performed better in the game. On average, the respondent learned to identify seven out of twelve braille characters and was able to read one out of five words in braille print. The study concluded that the game could be played autonomously and that the feedback modalities could be used separately or in combination with each other without affecting the knowledge post-test.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

Magister Artium - MA / The purpose of the study was to investigate the everyday life information seeking behaviour of visually impaired students at Stellenbosch University. The study framed by the Every Day Life information behaviour model of Pamela McKenzie focused on the information behaviour of visually impaired students, how the visually impaired students obtain their information and the role of the Stellenbosch University library. The study was motivated by the vital need to seek out, listen to and act upon the voices of students with disabilities in an attempt to make higher education more inclusive to students with some form of disability or challenge. Twenty-one visually impaired students from various faculties of Stellenbosch University completed a questionnaire consisting of 23 questions administered by Stellenbosch University’s Braille Office. Students with visual impairments at Stellenbosch University will consult friends, family members and lecturers for information. They needed both personal and academic information. Students found it both easy and difficult to obtain needed academic information. The Internet was the major information resource used by all students. Students relied mainly on online full text journal articles and e-books obtained via the Internet, SU Library’s databases, SunScholar and e-journals for academic information. The main reasons for not using the SU library can be attributed to the inability to use printed resources, lack of facilities for visually impaired students, difficulty in navigating the physical library and lack of training in exploiting the library and its services. All students with visual impairment made use of assistive technology and relied heavily on the support and services of the Braille Office for additional academic information. The everyday behaviour of students with visual impairments at Stellenbosch University conform to McKenzie’s Everyday Life Information Behaviour model as these students sought actively to make contact with sources, identified likely sources, made use of serendipitous encounters, were were identified as information seekers and made use of people as gatekeepers to be referred to a source.