Este trabalho busca esclarecer uma doutrina de formação especificamente feminina de Edith Stein, no que diz respeito à vocação natural da mulher e do homem, destacando a formação da mulher perante o seu ser natural e social e envolvendo questões feministas de uma sociedade moderna, que, por sua vez, insiste em entender a mulher apenas como um ser predominantemente social. Com isso, a mulher sufoca a sua vocação natural de ser mãe e esposa para atuar socialmente, descaracterizando-se enquanto mulher e assumindo uma postura masculina diante da sociedade, do mercado de trabalho e até mesmo da família. Ao deixar a sua vocação materna, a mulher torna-se cada vez mais ativa na profissão ou no meio no qual está inserida profissionalmente. No entanto, a sua verdadeira vocação é a de ser companheira do homem e coração da família. Stein (1999) trata da relação da alma feminina com o mundo moderno, no que se refere à própria concepção de entendimento do ser feminino e da pessoalidade da mulher. Mostra que a mulher pode ganhar espaço no mercado e na sociedade, sendo profissional competente e respeitada, sem necessariamente ter que se descaracterizar. A abordagem steiniana do assunto, antes de ter a pretensão de impor uma verdade, busca dialogar séria e abertamente com outros posicionamentos a respeito do assunto. / This paper seeks to clarify a specifically feminine formation doctrine of Edith Stein, in regard to the natural vocation of woman and of man, highlighting the formation of the woman faced with her natural and social being and involving feminist issues of a modern society, which, in its turn, insists on understanding woman as only a predominantly social being. With this the woman suffocates her natural vocation of being mother and wife to work socially, de-characterizing herself as a woman and taking on a masculine posture toward society, the work market and even the family. Upon leaving her maternal vocation the woman becomes ever more active in the profession or in the environment in which she is professionally inserted. However, her true vocation is to be mans companion and the heart of the family. Stein (1999) deals with the relation of the feminine soul with the modern world, as relates to the concept itself of understanding the feminine being and the personhood of the woman. She shows that the woman can gain space in the market and in society, being a competent and respected professional, without necessarily de-characterizing herself. The Steinian approach to the subject, far from having the pretension of imposing a truth, seeks to dialog seriously and openly with other positions regarding the subject.

This diploma thesis contains two main themes in the education of students in secondary vocational schools. The first topic are equations that form basis of the study in the field of mathematics and their understanding is therefore needed for successful completion of studies. The secondary issue is financial mathematics which gives pupils the basic knowledge in this field and defines key terms. Each successful graduate is therefore familiar with concepts that will meet every day.

This research project sought to find out more about how clergy experience preparing to move jobs in the Church of England. This is important and timely for several reasons. First, there has been limited theoretical and empirical attention paid to the process and tasks of preparing for a career transition. Second, clergy are contemplating job moves in a dynamic institutional context which is affecting how they perceive and construct their future career trajectory. Third, I set out to investigate clergy as members of a workforce facing some of the same issues and concerns as those in other occupations rather than viewing them as being in any way special by virtue of their ordained status. The study is framed by career theories which attend to transition, turnover and the determinants and antecedents of career and job mobility. A total of 31 clergy from three Church of England dioceses were interviewed as part of a qualitative study. A social constructivist method was adopted and thematic analysis applied to the data with attention being paid to the reflexive research process. The findings indicate that a religious context is an important site for enhancing our understanding of the complex relationship between individual agency, structural constraints and the antecedents to preparing to move jobs. Following structural changes to how clergy are recruited, selected and appointed to posts participants are found to be experiencing cognitive dissonance as they anticipate a move. This is explained by a shift in the delegation of authority to individual clergy and the erosion of strategic ambiguity as a mode of communication between different parties. These are changes which undermine value systems rooted in history, tradition, custom and practice and calling which clergy rate highly. The study identifies facets of calling and vocation which clergy correlate with preparing to move jobs rather than an original call to ministry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaSM_DISSERT.pdf: 2102476 bytes, checksum: 576a6a57ecb7e7caa5ddda32af5b2d46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-26 / The purpose of this dissertation is whether the demand for manpower trained in technical school for the sector of Oil and Gas (O&G) is in balance with the offer of that training in the Brazilian education system. The methodology used to obtain such information was based on School Census 2000 and 2008 where data were worked out in order to clarify the numbers of enrollments in secondary technical level demanded by the sector of O&G. The demand for manpower with that qualification as a data source was the 2010-2014 Business Plan Program for Mobilization of the National Oil and Natural Gas (PROMINP). This Program identified the future demand for manpower for the Sector of the O&G until 2014 where the occupational categories are mapped prerequisite training and experience. In order to better understand the object of this study was dome a review of the literature with regard to technical education in Brazil but also the importance of the education to economic growth and the peculiarities of the oil economy in different countries possessors of those mines, or that is, developed and underdeveloped countries. Analysis showed that enrollment in technical education in Brazil had a significant increase between the dates 2000 and 2008. It also don?t bring balance with the characteristic of the dynamics of the productive sectors of the economy mainly due to heating of the economy before the global growth especially in the Construction Industry as well as in the Oil and Natural Gas Engineering and a Naval account of the discovery of oil in the Pre-Salt. Another important aspect is that one of the major problems of qualification of manpower in Brazil is due to a bad quality of the student?s school and high school which makes difficult a good performance in office work and also this ability to learn new functions. The rapprochement between the supply of the education system and the demand for manpower with training mid-level technical support for the sector O&G showed that most technical courses demanded or had no enrollment in 2008, had few enrollment in 15 states with demand expect to occur and those enrollment were unevenly distributed among states. The analysis therefore signalize the needed of a public policy that enables the adequacy of the education system (Secondary Technical Education) to Sector of O&G in terms of enrollment and its distribution between the oil producing states and in relation to technical expertise offered / O objetivo desta disserta??o de mestrado ? verificar se a demanda de m?o-de-obra com forma??o no ensino m?dio t?cnico para o setor de Petr?leo e G?s (P&G) est? em conson?ncia com a oferta daquela forma??o no sistema educacional brasileiro. A metodologia aplicada para obter tal informa??o foi baseada no Censo Escolar 2000 e 2008, em que os dados foram trabalhados de maneira a explicitar o n?mero de matr?culas nos cursos de n?vel m?dio t?cnico, demandados pelo setor de P&G. A demanda de m?o-de-obra com aquela qualifica??o teve como fonte de dados o Plano de Neg?cios 2010-2014 do Programa de Mobiliza??o da Ind?stria Nacional de Petr?leo e G?s Natural (PROMINP). Este Programa identificou a demanda futura de m?o-de-obra para o setor de P&G at? 2014, onde as categorias ocupacionais mapeadas possuem pr?-requisitos de forma??o e experi?ncia. Com o intuito de entender melhor o objeto deste estudo foi feita uma revis?o de literatura no que diz respeito ao ensino t?cnico no Brasil, como tamb?m a import?ncia da educa??o para o crescimento econ?mico e as peculiaridades da economia do petr?leo nos diferentes pa?ses possuidores daquelas jazidas, ou seja, pa?ses subdesenvolvidos e desenvolvidos. As an?lises demonstraram que as matr?culas no ensino t?cnico no Brasil apresentaram um significativo aumento entre as datas de 2000 a 2008. Traz tamb?m como caracter?stica a desarmonia com a din?mica dos setores produtivos da economia, devido principalmente ao aquecimento da economia antes da crise mundial de 2008, e a retomada recente do crescimento notadamente no Setor de Constru??o Civil, bem como no setor de Petr?leo e G?s Natural e Engenharia Naval por conta da descoberta de petr?leo na camada Pr?-sal. Outro aspecto relevante ? que um dos grandes problemas da qualifica??o de m?o-de-obra no Brasil se deve a m? qualidade do ensino fundamental e m?dio, que dificulta para o futuro profissional um bom desempenho nas suas fun??es laborais e na capacidade de aprender novas fun??es. A aproxima??o entre a oferta no sistema educacional e a demanda de m?o-de-obra com a forma??o de n?vel m?dio t?cnico para o setor de P&G, demonstraram que a maioria dos cursos t?cnicos demandados n?o apresentava matr?culas em 2008, ou possu?am poucas matr?culas nos 15 estados com demanda prevista, e aquelas matr?culas estavam mal distribu?das entre os estados. A an?lise aponta para a necessidade de uma pol?tica p?blica que possibilite a adequa??o do sistema educacional (Ensino M?dio T?cnico) ao setor de P&G, tanto no que se refere ao n?mero de matr?culas e a sua distribui??o entre os estados produtores de petr?leo quanto no que se refere ? especialidade t?cnica oferecida

La naissance des Eglises locales en Afrique, disons-le, est sans conteste l’œuvre première de vaillants missionnaires parfois désintéressés. La mise en place des premières structures sociales et chrétiennes est là pour le démontrer. Dans le cas du Gabon, ce privilège revient au Père Jean Rémy Bessieux et à ses nombreux successeurs. A court, moyen ou long terme, le mission chrétienne devait laisser la place à une organisation autochtone. Toutefois, une lecture attentive de ce passage de flambeau nous laisse comprendre que le chemin a été long et difficile. Dans bien des cas, la mise en place de l’Eglise locale au Gabon s’est souvent avérée plus évidente dans les dires que dans les faits. Contrairement à une certaine historiographie édifiante et apologétique habituée à nous présenter la création du clergé local comme une volonté héroïque et sans conditions des missionnaires, les sources nous indiquent plutôt que les indigènes, avec la première génération de prêtres gabonais ont été des agents précieux dans cette entreprise. La splendide croissance de l’Eglise catholique au Gabon dès le milieu du XXè siècle a été couronnée par l’élévation de l’ancien vicariat en diocèse autonome en 1958 et l’ordination de plusieurs évêques nationaux, formant désormais la hiérarchie locale. En quelque temps, l’Eglise catholique connaissait un développement rapide. Cela était un fait remarquable à tous points de vue, même si en réalité des problèmes cruciaux persistent. Si on considère l’épiscopat de certains nationaux comme un fait indéniable de la croissance de l’Eglise, il ne faut cependant pas oublier d’autres faits comme l’augmentation du nombre de circonscriptions ecclésiastiques, la croissance du nombre de membres autochtones du clergé, de séminaristes et de candidats dans les instituts de vie consacrée, sans omettre l’extension progressive du réseau de catéchistes et de laïcs, dont on sait le rôle dans la diffusion de l’évangile parmi les population gabonaises. Certes, les sources nous décrivent une évolution progressive de l’Eglise locale, mais elles nous présentent aussi une Eglise face à un certain nombre de dangers. Dès 1970, on assiste à des problèmes liés aux revendications de plusieurs clercs locaux. Au début des années 80, c’est face à une Eglise parsemée de difficultés diverses que Sa Sainteté Jean Paul II rend visite en 1982. / The birth of the local churches in Africa is unquestionably the first work of brave sometime made lose interest missionaries. The setting of the first social and Christian structures is here to show it. Concerning Gabon, Father Jean Remy Bessieux and his several successors enjoyed this priviledge. In short; average or long term, the christian missions had to leave the place to an autochthonous organization. However, an attentive reading of this passage of torch lets us understand that the road was long and difficult. In many case, the setting of the local church in Gabon often turned out more evident in the statements than in the facts. Contrary to a certain edifying and apologetic historiography which used to show the creation of the local clergy as a heroic will, and without any conditions from the missionaries, sources rather point out that the native have been some very precious factors in this enterprise with the first generation of Gabonese priests. The magnificent growth of the Roman Catholic Church in the Gabon from the middle of the XXth century was crowned by the rise of the former vicariate in autonomous diocese in 1958 and the ordination of several national bishops, forming henceforth the local hierarchy. From all sides, it appeared as a remarkable fact, even if some crucial problems are persisting. If one considers the episcopate of some native as an unmistakable fact of the growth of the church, you should not however forget the other facts as the increase in the number of aboriginal members of clergy, of seminarists and candidates in the institutes of consecrated life. Moreover, one should not omit the progressive expansion of the catechists and laics, of which have knows the role mattering in the broadcasting of the gospel among the Gabonese peoples. Indeed sources are describing a progressive evolution of the local church, but also show a church facing a certain number of dangers. From 1970, we attend problems connected to the demands of several local clerks. In the beginning of the 80s, it is in front of one church strewed with diverses difficulties that his Holiness, Jean Paul II visits in 1982.

This thesis aims to study factors that prods teachers to leave their profession or on the contrary to continue in their work. The theoretical part deals with the teachers? motivation for work, the issue of professional development and the professional identity of pedagogues. To understand the factors that influence the motivation of teachers I used two methods: a structured interview and a questionnaire. The practical part of the thesis then includes the evaluation of data obtained through the above-mentioned survey. The study was conducted in the Pilsen Region. Total of 28 teachers currently working in this profession filled out the questionnaires and were then also interviewed. 28 former teachers agreed to participate in the interviews and 26 persons also completed the questionnaire. Based on the information I gathered I can conclude that teachers are motivated for the most part by the creative work with children which allows them to fulfill their own freedom and creativity. Ample free time appears to be another important factor that encourages teachers to continue in their line of work. On the other hand, teachers most frequently leave their profession due to the low salary and considerable psychological strain.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardo_passafaro.pdf: 949318 bytes, checksum: 14f570477a06db30658981f06db9cadf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-21 / The shock between distinct social classes has always been present in the diverse phases of the development of the history of humanity. If, initially the subjugation of the weakest class was imposed, or yet it happened for religious or even doctrinal reasons, through the optics of the dispute between the capital and the working class, the domination has occurred through what is known today as economic power. This power has crystallized mainly from the implementation of the liberal ideals of the Liberalism the 17th century, which brought about the enrichment of the capital detainers by seriously overworking and exploiting the working class. Such situation was created by the State s inertia in intervening in private relations. It fell to the Social Rights in general, and particularly to the Labor Law to limit the economic power, demonstrating the need for the State s intervention to regulate and balance these relations between such antagonic forces of the capital and the work force, given the greater power of the stronger, the capital, as opposed to the work force. After experimenting a golden era of protection which lasted until the mid 70 s, the Labor Law is now back facing the role model of a ghost that haunts the non intervention of the State in the Labor relations, and supported by the Economic Power detainers who claim that the rights conquered throughout the centuries, are the ones responsible for the unemployment crisis of the last 20 years. However, such thesis is not accurate or true, for the technological development, the optimization of the productive processes, and the trans nationality of the companies that act in the competitive globalization of the economy, are the results of the rising unemployment rates, bringing about different ways of subordinate labor, all equally deprived of protection. Society has advanced in terms of protecting the weaker by providing them with the rights to balance out the scale. Suppressing those rights would be a social retrocession which would cause irreparable damages. / O embate entre classes sociais distintas sempre esteve presente nas diversas fases de desenvolvimento da história da humanidade. Se, a princípio, a subjugação da classe mais fraca se deu pela força ou ainda por motivos religiosos e doutrinários, pela ótica da contenda entre o capital e o trabalho a dominação se dá por intermédio do que modernamente conhecemos por poder econômico. Este poder foi-se cristalizando principalmente a partir da implementação do ideário liberal, no século XVII, que possibilitou o enriquecimento dos detentores do capital pela desmedida exploração da classe trabalhadora, situação ungida pela inércia do Estado em intervir nas relações particulares. Coube aos chamados Direitos Sociais, em geral, e principalmente ao Direito do Trabalho, em particular, assumir a árdua tarefa de limitar o poder econômico, demonstrando a necessidade da intervenção estatal para regular e equilibrar estas relações entre forças tão antagônicas como o capital e o trabalho, dado o poder muito maior do mais forte, o capital, sobre o mais fraco, o trabalho. Após conhecer uma época áurea em termos de proteção, que durou dos primeiros até meados dos anos setenta do século passado, o Direito do Trabalho se vê novamente às voltas com o fantasma do modelo de não intervenção estatal nas relações trabalhistas, advogado pelos detentores do poder econômico que pregam serem justamente os direitos conquistados ao longo dos séculos os responsáveis pela crise de desemprego verificada nos últimos 20 anos. Entretanto, tal premissa não é verdadeira, à medida que o avanço tecnológico, a otimização dos processos produtivos e a trans nacionalidade das empresas que atuam na competitiva globalização da economia é que resultou no aumento do desemprego, fazendo surgir diferentes formas de prestação de trabalho subordinado, porém igualmente carente de proteção. A sociedade avançou ao proteger os mais fracos atribuindo-lhes direitos capazes de equilibrar a balança. Suprimir estes direitos será um retrocesso social que trará graves conseqüências de difícil reparação.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-06T18:18:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 inaciomanoelnevesfradedacruz.pdf: 5077139 bytes, checksum: 1112ec21929e4d2de6cf122efea9bd81 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-09T10:53:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 inaciomanoelnevesfradedacruz.pdf: 5077139 bytes, checksum: 1112ec21929e4d2de6cf122efea9bd81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T10:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 inaciomanoelnevesfradedacruz.pdf: 5077139 bytes, checksum: 1112ec21929e4d2de6cf122efea9bd81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-27 / Cataguases: “Terra de Gente Boa”, “Berço do Cinema Nacional”, “Princesinha da Mata”, solo fértil para as reflexões sobre a narrativa de uma vocação cultural em cujo terreno fecundado pelo Movimento Verde e capturado pelas lentes de Humberto Mauro, desde seus priscos tempos empenha-se em estabelecer uma relação de extrema intimidade com o universo artístico. Reconhecida e consagrada para além de suas fronteiras por uma suposta disposição espontânea que a impele em direção às elaborações culturais, a cidade é tida como um idiossincrático e provocador microcosmo das principais capitais brasileiras. Esta tese tem por finalidade conhecer as “Muitas Cataguases” que se escondem sob o mito da urbe cultural. Em decorrência da historiografia e, indiscriminadamente, dos discursos sobre a essência cataguasense se apoiarem num passado repleto de realizações grandiosas, capitaneadas por intelectuais êmicos e artistas de renome internacional, há a necessidade de remover o dossel quase sagrado da vocação que encobre sua construção identitária. Realizo também uma mirada sobre o seu campo religioso com o propósito de estabelecer algumas diferenças susceptíveis de comparação em relação à perspectiva modernizante com que a ideia da vocação cultural quer assinalar a localidade. Mesmo que vagamente ritualizada pelo poder público e subaproveitada nos meios educacionais, a idéia da propensão para o exercício da arte em Cataguases não parece perder força na atualidade. Hipostasiando relações pontuais delega-se a toda a sociedade uma suposta “inclinação artística”, na verdade, circunscrita a uns poucos indivíduos ligados ao mundo da cultura. Tal fato dá a entender que, do centro à zona rural, passando pela periferia, subsiste apenas uma postura condizente com um estilo de vida que refluiria, sem cessar, numa produção consciente de obras artísticas cujos conteúdos invariavelmente procuram desempenhar o papel de vanguardistas. Construído com base na combinação epistemológica entre Antropologia, Sociologia e História, um dos maiores objetivos deste trabalho é sublinhar as especificidades das narrativas que permitem a uma pequena parcela da elite intelectual se apropriar e reinventar os discursos que traduzem a “Catagu(arte)”. Ainda hoje umbilicalmente ligado ao Movimento Verde e ao Ciclo de Cataguases, o mito da vocação cultural de Cataguases ganha o senso comum e serpenteia mundo afora. / Cataguases: “Land of Fine People”, “Cradle of the National Cinema”, “Little Princess of the Mata”, fertile ground for reflections about a place with a kind of cultural vocation that gave birth to the Movimento Verde and was captured by the lenses of Humberto Mauro who devoted himself to establishing a relationship of genuine intimacy with the artistic universe. Recognized well beyond its own frontiers for a certain spontaneity that always impelled it towards manifestations of the cultural kind, the city has been perceived as idiosyncratic and something of a provocateur in microcosm by Brazil’s major cities. The goal of this thesis is to reveal the “Many Cataguases” that hide behind the myth of the cultural city. In the playing out of the historiography and, throughout, in the discourse regarding the cataguasense essence here is a past full of great achievements led by intellectuals and artists of international renown It is important to cast off the that somewhat sacred canopy that covers over the city’s identity. I look also at religious issues and how they play into comparisons between the modernizing perspective of the city and the idea of its unique cultural vocation. Even though it has been somewhat ritualized by the public powers and underutilized by educational institutions, the idea that Cataguases is a unique place to practice art has not lost its power nowadays. In spite of the fact that the city’s “artistic inclination” supposedly affects all of society, in fact, this same inclination is limited to individuals connected to the world of culture. The consequences of this fact explain why from the heart of the city to the rural areas passing through its periphery there is just one school of thought associated with artistic production and the artists who holds these view really play the role of an elite vanguard. Based upon an epistemological combination of anthropology, sociology and history, one of the main objectives of this study is to highlight the specifics of the narratives that enable a small part of the intellectual elite to appropriate and reinvent the discourse that translates into “Catagu(arte)”. Even today, closely linked to the Movimento Verde and the Cycle of Cataguases, the myth of the cultural vocation of Cataguases makes good common sense at home and beyond.

O presente trabalho trata da trajetória de duas musicistas brasileiras: Helza Camêu (1903-1995), pianista, compositora e musicóloga, e Joanídia Sodré (1903-1975), pianista, regente e ex-diretora da Escola Nacional de Música (atualmente Escola de Música da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) cujas carreiras tiveram início, respectivamente, em 1923 e 1927 no cenário musical do Rio de Janeiro. A construção da trajetória destas artistas visa a uma reflexão acerca de como as convenções de gênero estão imbricadas no processo social de construção de uma vocação musical neste período. Trata-se de compreender a vocação como um fato social, isto é, como um conjunto de práticas e representações sociais constituidoras da experiência do artista. A análise da trajetória de Helza Camêu e de Joanídia Sodré constitui um modo privilegiado para compreender de que maneira, na busca pela profissão de artista, estas duas mulheres criaram novos valores e sentidos que lhes permitiram transitar entre profissões masculinas e femininas. / The present study concerns the trajectory of two Brazilian musicians: Helza Camêu (1903-1995), pianist, composer and musicologist, and Joanídia Sodré (1903-1975), pianist, conductor and former director of the National School of Music (currently, the School of Music of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). Their career began in 1923 and 1927, respectively, in the music scene of Rio de Janeiro. The construction of the trajectory of the above mentioned artists aims at conducting a careful thought about how gender conventions are closely linked in the social process of the construction of a musical vocation during that period. It is about to understand vocation as a social fact, that is, as a set of practices and social representations that shapes the artists experience. The analysis of the trajectory of Helza Camêu and of Joanídia Sodré constitutes a privileged way to understand how those two female artists, in search for the artist profession, created new values and meanings that allowed them to make their way through male and female professions

It is the basic assumption of this study that a relationship exists between the interpersonal needs of inclusion, control, and affection and occupational choice as indicated by college major. Studies in the area of vocational choice have largely dealt with people who are practicing the vocation, leaving doubt as to whether people are attracted to the vocation as a result of need-satisfaction behavior, or whether the people determine their orientation by practicing the occupation. The need for further clarification of these questions was recognized, and this study was an effort to add to the evidence for or against the validity of the concept of interpersonal need satisfaction as a factor in vocational choice.