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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
251

Baixos níveis de esclerostina: preditor de processo inflamatório persistente em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante sob terapia anti-TNFα / Low sclerostin levels: a predictive marker of persistent inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis during anti-TNF therapy

Saad, Carla Gonçalves Schahin 28 November 2012 (has links)
Introdução: Baixas concentrações séricas de esclerostina foram descritas em pacientes com Espondilite Anquilosante (EA). No entanto, não existem dados sobre a importância deste inibidor da via de sinalização Wnt em pacientes com EA durante o tratamento com anti fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFa). Objetivos: Avaliar longitudinalmente os níveis séricos de esclerostina e sua associação com inflamação e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em pacientes com EA em tratamento com anti-TNFa. Métodos: Trinta pacientes com EA em atividade foram avaliados no início, 6 e 12 meses, após terapia anti-TNFa em relação aos parâmetros clínicos (BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI e ASQoL), marcadores inflamatórios e dano radiológico basal (mSASSS). Trinta indivíduos saudáveis pareados por idade e sexo constituíram o grupo controle. As análises laboratoriais de esclerostina e da ligação de esclerostina ao receptor LRP6 e a DMO foram realizadas nos pacientes nos mesmos períodos de avaliação e comparadas aos controles. Resultados: Na avaliação inicial, pacientes com EA apresentavam menores concentrações séricas de esclerostina [60,5 (32,7) vs. 96,7 (52,9) pmol/l,P=0,002] e níveis similares de ligação de esclerostina ao receptor LRP6 (P=0,387) em relação aos controles. Foi observado melhora do BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ASQoL comparando tempo basal vs. 6 vs. 12 meses (P<0,01). Concomitantemente, observou-se um aumento gradual da DMO da coluna lombar (P<0,001) e no início do estudo os pacientes apresentavam uma correlação positiva entre avaliação radiológica basal (mSASSS) e a DMO da coluna lombar (r=0,468, P<0,01). Foi observada também uma redução dos marcadores inflamatórios comparando tempo basal vs. 6 vs. 12 meses (P<0,01). Os níveis de esclerostina aumentaram progressivamente após o tratamento com anti-TNFa [60,5 (32,7) vs. 67,1 (31,9) vs. 72,7 (32,3) pmol/l, P<0,001]. Entretanto, após 12 meses de terapia anti-TNFa as concentrações séricas de esclerostina permaneceram significativamente mais baixos em relação os controles [72,7 (32,3) vs. 96,7 (52,9) pmol/l, P=0,038]. Além disso, aos 12 meses, os níveis séricos de esclerostina ficaram mais baixos nos 10 pacientes que ainda apresentavam proteína C reativa elevada (PCR=5mg/l), comparados aos pacientes que apresentaram normalização dos níveis de PCR (P=0,004). Interessantemente, estes 10 pacientes com inflamação persistente já apresentavam concentrações séricas mais baixas de esclerostina quando comparados aos demais pacientes (P=0,023) antes do tratamento com anti- TNFa. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou que os pacientes com EA com níveis baixos de esclerostina apresentam um risco aumentado de apresentar PCR alta após 12 meses de tratamento (odds ratio = 7,43, 95% IC 1,23-45,01, P=0,020) quando comparados aos pacientes com níveis altos de esclerostina no tempo basal. Conclusão: Concentrações persistentemente baixas de esclerostina estão associados a inflamação contínua em pacientes com EA tratados com terapia anti-TNFa. / Introduction: Sclerostin levels have been reported to be low in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but there is no data regarding the possible role of this Wnt inhibitor during anti tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) therapy. Objectives: The present study longitudinally evaluated sclerostin levels, inflammatory markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in AS patients under anti-TNFa therapy. Methods: Thirty active AS patients were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months after anti-TNFa therapy regarding clinical parameters (BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI and ASQoL), inflammatory markers, BMD and baseline radiographic damage (mSASSS). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals comprised the control group. Patients\' sclerostin levels, sclerostin binding LRP6 and BMD were evaluated at the same time points and compared to controls. Results: At baseline, AS patients had lower sclerostin levels [60.5 (32.7) vs. 96.7 (52.9) pmol/l, P=0.002] and comparable sclerostin binding to LRP6 (P=0.387) than controls. Improvement of BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ASQoL was observed at baseline vs. 6 vs. 12 months (P<0.01). Concomitantly, a gradual increase in spine BMD (P<0.001) and a positive correlation between baseline mSASSS and spine BMD was found (r=0.468, P<0.01). Inflammatory parameters reduction was observed comparing baseline vs. 6 vs. 12 months (P<0.01). Sclerostin levels progressively increased [60.5 (32.7) vs. 67.1 (31.9) vs. 72.7 (32.3) pmol/l, P<0.001] after anti-TNFa treatment. At 12 months, the sclerostin levels remained significantly lower in patients compared to controls [72.7 (32.3) vs. 96.70 (52.85) pmol/l, P=0.038]. Moreover, sclerostin serum levels at 12 months were lower in the 10 patients with high CRP (=5mg/l) compared to the other 20 patients with normal CRP (P=0.004). Of note, these 10 patients with persistent inflammation also had lower sclerostin serum levels at baseline compared to the other patients (P=0.023). Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that AS patients with lower sclerostin serum levels had an increased risk to have high CRP at 12 months (odds ratio=7.43, 95% CI 1.23-45.01, P=0.020) than those with higher sclerostin values. Conclusion: Persistent low sclerostin levels may underlie continuous inflammation in AS patients under anti-TNFa therapy.
252

Rôle des voies Wnt dans la régulation des gènes de la myéline et le cytosquelette des cellules de Schwann / Wnt pathways in myelin genes and cytoskeleton regulation of Schwann cells

Belle, Martin 14 December 2011 (has links)
Les cellules de Schwann sont responsables de la myélinisation du système nerveuxpériphérique. C’est un phénomène complexe et finement régulé. En effet, des altérationsde l’expression touchant les protéines de la myéline périphérique (P0 et PMP22)peuvent provoquer des pathologies comme la Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth. Par ailleurs, lescellules de Schwann subissent d’importantes modifications de leur cytosquelette aucours du processus de myélinisation.Nous avons identifié la voie Wnt/β‐caténine comme directement impliquées dansla régulation de l’expression des gènes de la myéline P0 et PMP22 à la fois in vitro maiségalement in vivo. De plus, nous avons initié la démonstration de l’implication de la voieWnt non canonique au cours de ce même processus. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré queles ligands Wnts aussi bien canoniques que non canoniques pouvaient provoquerl’allongement des extensions des cellules de Schwann. Le chlorure de lithium est uninhibiteur de la GSK3β, mimant l’activation de la voie Wnt/β‐caténine. Il provoque unimportant allongement des cellules de Schwann accompagné de profonds remaniementsde l’architecture interne. Par la suite nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets d’unelésion sur la remyélinisation. La voie Wnt/β‐caténine est réactivée par une lésion in vitrotandis que le lithium accélère la récupération fonctionnelle du battement des vibrissesde souris après pincement du nerf facial, améliore les structures de la gaine de myélineet induit l’expression des gènes de la myéline in vivo.ConclusionNotre travail a mis en évidence le rôle majeur des voies Wnt canoniques et noncanoniques dans la régulation de l’expression de gènes de la myéline et dans lecytosquelette des cellules de Schwann. / The myelination is performed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.Myelination involves the extension of large sheaths of membranes and their wrapping around axons, accompanied by the coordinated synthesis of a variety of myelin components, including myelin‐specific proteins (MPZ and PMP22).We identified the Wnt/β‐caténin pathway as an essential and direct driver of myelin gene expression and myelinogenesis. Moreover, we identified non canonical Wnt protein as regulators of myelin genes expression MPZ and PMP22. Canonical and non canonical Wnt protein elongate the Schwann cells in vitro by microtubules stabilizationmechanisms.We used lithium chloride, an inhibitor of GSK3β to test either effects on Schwann cells cytoskeleton and recovery after nerve crash in vivo. Lithium chloride provokes Schwann cells elongation and biochemicals modifications by enhencing cholesterol as we show by IR spectroscopy. Lithium chloride accelerates the recovery of the whisker mouvements after nerve crash, provokes the remyelination of sciatic neve after crush and stimulates myelin genes expression.ConclusionWe have identified Wnt pathways as direct driver of myelin genes expression and important for cytoskeleton stabolization. Our findings, open new perspectivesin the treatment of nerves demyelination by administration of GSK3βinhibitors like lithium.
253

Via Wnt/?-catenina em tumores adrenocorticais pediátricos / Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway in childhood adrenocortical tumors

Leal, Letícia Ferro 21 July 2011 (has links)
Introdução: Em crianças das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil há uma incidência elevada de tumores adrenocorticais (TAC). Anormalidades da ?-catenina tem sido encontradas em TAC em adultos e sugerem a ativação da via Wnt/ -catenina nestes tumores. No entanto, não há estudos avaliando o papel desta via em casuísticas de TAC pediátricos. Objetivos: Avaliar o papel da via Wnt/catenina e mutações do gene CTNNB1 na tumorigênese adrenocortical pediátrica. Indivíduos, Material e Métodos: Foram avaliados 62 pacientes pediátricos com TAC oriundos de dois centros de referência. Controles: córtex adrenal de indivíduos jovens com morte acidental. Avaliou-se a presença de mutação nos genes TP53 e CTNNB1. A expressão de genes da via Wnt (CTNNB1, o ligante WNT4, os inibidores SFRP1, DKK3 e AXIN1, o fator de transcrição TCF7 e os genes-alvo MYC e WISP2) foi avaliada por qPCR, utilizando-se o método de 2-Ct. Adicionalmente, a expressão de proteínas da via Wnt/-catenina e P53 foi avaliada por imunoistoquímica. Avaliou-se a relação entre possíveis anormalidades moleculares com o fenótipo clínico e o desfecho. Resultados: A sobrevida geral foi maior em pacientes menores que 5 anos de idade (p<0.0001) e em pacientes com estágios tumorais menos avançados (p<0.0001). A mutação P53 p.R337H foi encontrada em 87% dos pacientes e não se associou com características clinicopatológicas ou desfecho. Mutações do gene CTNNB1 foram encontradas em 4/62 (6%) TAC, todos carreadores da mutação P53 p.R337H. Houve associação entre óbito e presença de mutações do gene CTNNB1 (p=0,02). Acúmulo difuso da -catenina foi observado em 71% dos TAC, a maioria sem mutações do CTNNB1. Comparados a adrenais normais, os TAC apresentaram aumento da expressão do RNAm de CTNNB1 (p=0.008) e diminuição da expressão de genes inibidores da via Wnt: DKK3 (p<0.0001), SFRP1 (p=0.05) e AXIN1 (p=0.04). Com relação aos genes-alvo da via Wnt/-catenina, TAC apresentaram expressão aumentada de WISP2 e baixa expressão de MYC. Maior sobrevida geral foi associada à expressão baixa de SFRP1 (p=0.01), WNT4 (p=0.004) e TCF7 (p<0.01). Conclusões: Em TAC pediátricos, mutações somáticas ativadoras do gene CTNNB1 são pouco freqüentes e parecem estar associadas à maior ocorrência de óbito. Mesmo na ausência de mutações do gene CTNNB1, estes tumores apresentaram acúmulo de -catenina e do gene-alvo WISP2 e expressão reduzida de inibidores da via Wnt (DKK3, SFRP1 e AXIN1). Estes dados demonstram evidências de anormalidades na via Wnt/-catenina em TAC pediátricos, mesmo na ausência de mutações do gene CTNNB1. É provável que outros eventos genéticos afetando a via Wnt/-catenina estejam envolvidos na tumorigênese adrenocortical pediátrica / Context: CTNNB1 mutations and activation of Wnt/-catenin pathway are frequent in adult adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) but data on childhood ACTs are lacking. Objective: To investigate Wnt/-catenin pathway abnormalities and CTNNB1 mutations in childhood ACTs. Patients and Methods: Clinicopathological findings and outcome of 62 childhood ACTs patients were analyzed regarding to CTNNB1/ -catenin mutations and to the expression of Wnt-related genes (CTNNB1, a Wnt ligand: WNT4, Wnt inhibitors: SFRP1, DKK3 and AXIN1, a transcription factor: TCF7, and target genes: MYC and WISP2) by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Overall survival (OS) was higher in patients younger than 5 years (p<0.0001) and associated with less advanced tumoral stage (p<0.0001). The p.R337H P53 mutation, found in 87% of the patients, was not associated with clinicopathological findings or outcome. CTNNB1 activating mutations were found in only 4/62 ACTs (6%), all of them harboring TP53 mutation. There was association between the presence of CTNNB1 mutation and death (p=0.02). Diffuse -catenin accumulation was found in 71% of ACTs, most of them without CTNNB1 mutation. CTNNB1 mutated ACTs presented weak/moderate -catenin accumulation. Compared to normal adrenals, ACTs presented increased expression of CTNNB1 (p=0.008) and underexpression of Wnt inhibitor genes: DKK3 (p<0.0001), SFRP1 (p=0.05) and AXIN1 (p=0.04). With regards to Wnt/-catenin target genes, ACTs presented lower expression of MYC but increased expression of WISP2. Higher overall survival was associated with underexpression of SFRP1 (p=0.01), WNT4 (p=0.004) and TCF7 (p<0.01). Conclusions: In childhood ACTs, CTNNB1 mutations are rare and appear to be associated with poor prognosis. Regardless of CTNNB1 mutations, these tumors presented reduced expression of Wnt inhibitor genes (DKK3, SFRP1 and AXIN1) and increased expression of CTNNB1 and a target gene, WISP2. Thus, besides CTNNB1 mutations, additional genetic events affecting the Wnt/-catenin pathway may be involved in childhood adrenocortical tumorigenesis.
254

Baixos níveis de esclerostina: preditor de processo inflamatório persistente em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante sob terapia anti-TNF&#945; / Low sclerostin levels: a predictive marker of persistent inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis during anti-TNF therapy

Carla Gonçalves Schahin Saad 28 November 2012 (has links)
Introdução: Baixas concentrações séricas de esclerostina foram descritas em pacientes com Espondilite Anquilosante (EA). No entanto, não existem dados sobre a importância deste inibidor da via de sinalização Wnt em pacientes com EA durante o tratamento com anti fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFa). Objetivos: Avaliar longitudinalmente os níveis séricos de esclerostina e sua associação com inflamação e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em pacientes com EA em tratamento com anti-TNFa. Métodos: Trinta pacientes com EA em atividade foram avaliados no início, 6 e 12 meses, após terapia anti-TNFa em relação aos parâmetros clínicos (BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI e ASQoL), marcadores inflamatórios e dano radiológico basal (mSASSS). Trinta indivíduos saudáveis pareados por idade e sexo constituíram o grupo controle. As análises laboratoriais de esclerostina e da ligação de esclerostina ao receptor LRP6 e a DMO foram realizadas nos pacientes nos mesmos períodos de avaliação e comparadas aos controles. Resultados: Na avaliação inicial, pacientes com EA apresentavam menores concentrações séricas de esclerostina [60,5 (32,7) vs. 96,7 (52,9) pmol/l,P=0,002] e níveis similares de ligação de esclerostina ao receptor LRP6 (P=0,387) em relação aos controles. Foi observado melhora do BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ASQoL comparando tempo basal vs. 6 vs. 12 meses (P<0,01). Concomitantemente, observou-se um aumento gradual da DMO da coluna lombar (P<0,001) e no início do estudo os pacientes apresentavam uma correlação positiva entre avaliação radiológica basal (mSASSS) e a DMO da coluna lombar (r=0,468, P<0,01). Foi observada também uma redução dos marcadores inflamatórios comparando tempo basal vs. 6 vs. 12 meses (P<0,01). Os níveis de esclerostina aumentaram progressivamente após o tratamento com anti-TNFa [60,5 (32,7) vs. 67,1 (31,9) vs. 72,7 (32,3) pmol/l, P<0,001]. Entretanto, após 12 meses de terapia anti-TNFa as concentrações séricas de esclerostina permaneceram significativamente mais baixos em relação os controles [72,7 (32,3) vs. 96,7 (52,9) pmol/l, P=0,038]. Além disso, aos 12 meses, os níveis séricos de esclerostina ficaram mais baixos nos 10 pacientes que ainda apresentavam proteína C reativa elevada (PCR=5mg/l), comparados aos pacientes que apresentaram normalização dos níveis de PCR (P=0,004). Interessantemente, estes 10 pacientes com inflamação persistente já apresentavam concentrações séricas mais baixas de esclerostina quando comparados aos demais pacientes (P=0,023) antes do tratamento com anti- TNFa. A análise de regressão logística demonstrou que os pacientes com EA com níveis baixos de esclerostina apresentam um risco aumentado de apresentar PCR alta após 12 meses de tratamento (odds ratio = 7,43, 95% IC 1,23-45,01, P=0,020) quando comparados aos pacientes com níveis altos de esclerostina no tempo basal. Conclusão: Concentrações persistentemente baixas de esclerostina estão associados a inflamação contínua em pacientes com EA tratados com terapia anti-TNFa. / Introduction: Sclerostin levels have been reported to be low in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but there is no data regarding the possible role of this Wnt inhibitor during anti tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) therapy. Objectives: The present study longitudinally evaluated sclerostin levels, inflammatory markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in AS patients under anti-TNFa therapy. Methods: Thirty active AS patients were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months after anti-TNFa therapy regarding clinical parameters (BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI and ASQoL), inflammatory markers, BMD and baseline radiographic damage (mSASSS). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals comprised the control group. Patients\' sclerostin levels, sclerostin binding LRP6 and BMD were evaluated at the same time points and compared to controls. Results: At baseline, AS patients had lower sclerostin levels [60.5 (32.7) vs. 96.7 (52.9) pmol/l, P=0.002] and comparable sclerostin binding to LRP6 (P=0.387) than controls. Improvement of BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, ASQoL was observed at baseline vs. 6 vs. 12 months (P<0.01). Concomitantly, a gradual increase in spine BMD (P<0.001) and a positive correlation between baseline mSASSS and spine BMD was found (r=0.468, P<0.01). Inflammatory parameters reduction was observed comparing baseline vs. 6 vs. 12 months (P<0.01). Sclerostin levels progressively increased [60.5 (32.7) vs. 67.1 (31.9) vs. 72.7 (32.3) pmol/l, P<0.001] after anti-TNFa treatment. At 12 months, the sclerostin levels remained significantly lower in patients compared to controls [72.7 (32.3) vs. 96.70 (52.85) pmol/l, P=0.038]. Moreover, sclerostin serum levels at 12 months were lower in the 10 patients with high CRP (=5mg/l) compared to the other 20 patients with normal CRP (P=0.004). Of note, these 10 patients with persistent inflammation also had lower sclerostin serum levels at baseline compared to the other patients (P=0.023). Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that AS patients with lower sclerostin serum levels had an increased risk to have high CRP at 12 months (odds ratio=7.43, 95% CI 1.23-45.01, P=0.020) than those with higher sclerostin values. Conclusion: Persistent low sclerostin levels may underlie continuous inflammation in AS patients under anti-TNFa therapy.
255

Efeitos da administração intrahipocampal de ouabaína na modulação das vias NF&#954;B, BDNF-CREB e WNT/&#946;-catenina ao longo de um decurso temporal de 24 horas. / Effects of Ouabain intrahippocampal injection in modulation of NF&#954;B, BDNF/CREB and WNT-&#946;-CATENIN signaling pathways in a time course of 24 hours.

Orellana, Ana Maria Marques 30 November 2016 (has links)
A Ouabaína (OUA), esteroide cardiotônico endógeno, ao ligar-se a enzima NKA pode sinalizar modulando a atividade da Src quinase e os níveis intracelulares de Ca2+, desencadeando a ativação de diversas vias de sinalização, dentre elas a via do NF&#954;B, que uma vez ativada, é capaz de ativar outras vias de sinalização, como a via canônica da WNT. O objetivo dessa tese foi verificar os efeitos da administração intrahipocampal de OUA, em ratos, na sinalização das vias NF&#954;B, BDNF/CREB e canônica da WNT, assim como os possíveis efeitos morfológicos e funcionais. Os resultados sugerem que a OUA altera o microambiente celular favorecendo a ativação das vias propostas levando ao aumento da arborização dendrítica de neurônios do CA1 e do GD, com melhora da memória de referência espacial dos animais e piora do processo de extinção de memória de longa duração, também conhecido como flexibilidade comportamental, além de proteger os neurônios da apoptose frente a um estímulo excitotóxico. / It is well established that Ouabain (OUA), an endogenous cardiotonic steroid, can bind to NKA and trigger activation of signaling pathways dependent on Src kinase activation and intracellular Ca2+ levels oscillation, what can lead to NF&#954;B activation, and in turn, can transactivate other signaling pathways, such as the canonical WNT pathway. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of intrahippocampal administration of OUA in adult rats, whether it was able to activate NF&#954;B, BDNF/CREB and the canonical WNT signaling pathways, as well as the possible morphological and functional effects of this injection. Results suggested that OUA changed the cellular microenvironment in favor to the activation of the proposed pathways leading to increased dendritic branching in CA1 and DG neurons, with spatial reference memory improvement and worsening of long-term memory extinction. Furthermore, OUA protected neurons from apoptosis stimulus triggered by excitotoxicity.
256

Mécanisme et conséquences de la répression de DKK1 par la ténascine-C, une molécule du microenvironnement tumoral / Mechanism and consequences of DKK1 downregulation by the tumor microenvironmental molecule tenascin-C

Schwenzer, Anja 30 September 2013 (has links)
La Ténascine-C (TNC) est un composé majeur de la matrice extracellulaire tumorale et sa forte expression est directement corrélée à l’angiogenèse tumorale et au processus métastatique. Lors de ma thèse j’ai pu démontrer que la TNC dérégulait DKK1, un inhibiteur de la voie de signalisation Wnt et par ce biais augmentait l’activité de cette voie impliquée dans la cancérogenèse. La diminution de la formation des fibres de stress en présence de TNC est l’un des mécanismes majeurs qui contribue à la diminution de DKK1. L’activité de MKL1, facteur co-transcriptionnel de SRF et régulable par l’actine, s’avère diminuée en présence de TNC. Mes données indiquent que la fonction de MKL1 n’est peut-être pas le mécanisme majeur de la régulation de DKK1 par la statu de l’actine. D’autres facteurs, probablement liés aux fibres de stress d’actine pourraient être impliqués. L’augmentation de l’activité de la voie de signalisation Wnt, dépendante de DKK1, est probablement le mécanisme majeur par lequel la TNC active la progression tumorale. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de DKK1 faisant intervenir l’intégrité du cytosquelette d’actine. / Tenascin-C (TNC) is a major component of the tumor specific extracellular matrix and its expression has been linked to tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. I demonstrated that TNC downregulates the expression of the Wnt signalling inhibitor DKK1 and by that enhances Wnt/-catenin signalling. Reduced stress fibre formation in the presence of TNC was identified as a major mechanism contributing to DKK1 downregulation. The activity of the actin-regulated SRF co-transcription factor MKL1 was found to be reduced in the presence of TNC. My results indicate that TNC-regulated MKL1 function maybe one, but not the major mechanism of DKK1 regulation by the actin status and that other factors, presumably regulated by actin stress fibres, are involved. Enhanced Wnt signalling activity downstream of TNC-induced DKK1 downregulation might be a major mechanism by which TNC promotes tumor progression. Furthermore, this study discovered a novel mechanism of regulating the Wnt inhibitor DKK1 by the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton.
257

Contribution à l'analyse des facteurs déterminant les fibroses graves du foie (bilharziose) et de la peau (tissus chéloïdes) / Contribution to the analysis of genetics factors of liver (bilharziasis) and skin (keloids) severe fibrosis

Duflot, Nicolas 21 December 2018 (has links)
Les fibroses anormales sont responsables de plus de 40% des décès pour raison médicale ; elles se développent suite à une inflammation chronique. Les fibroses hépatiques causées par les schistosomes et par le virus HCV sont en grande partie déterminées par la génétique du malade. Notre thèse a consisté à poursuivre le travail de caractérisation du déterminisme génétique des fibroses hépatiques et cutanées.La première partie de notre thèse, est l’étude informatique et statistique des données de génotypage GWAS de Brésiliens qui présentent une fibrose hépatique bilharzienne grave sur plus de 2,5 millions de SNPs. 180 SNPs qui montraient une association suggestive avec les fibroses graves ont été sélectionnés, dont certains affectent les gènes des voies Wnt. Ces SNPs ont été testés sur une cohorte de 460 pêcheurs ougandais exposés à S.mansoni et nous avons confirmé l’association avec la fibrose de 4 SNPs.La deuxième partie de notre thèse est l’analyse transcriptômique (RNA-Seq) des mécanismes responsables des fibroses anormales de la peau de sujets affectés par des fibroses chéloïdes de 20 tissus chéloïdes, 7 tissus sains et 7 tissus affectés par des cicatrices hypertrophiques. Cette analyse montre que le développement des chéloïdes est la conséquence d’une stimulation anormale des voies de la cicatrisation en partie due à l’activation de la voie Wnt βcatenin et Wnt PCP. Pour conforter cette proposition, nous avons effectué une analyse génétique de la voie Wnt dans deux cohortes indépendantes. L’analyse statistique montre que des SNPs dans 6 gènes de la voie Wnt βcatenin contribuent au développement des fibroses chéloïdes. / Abnormal fibrosis is responsible for more than 40% of medical deaths. They develop as a result of chronicinflammation. Hepatic fibroses caused by schistosomes andHCV virus are largely determined by the genetic background of the patient. Our thesis consisted of continuing thework of characterizing the genetic determinism of liver and skin fibrosis.The first part of our thesis is the computer and statistical study of GWAS genotyping data of Brazilians whohave severe bilharzeal liver fibrosis on more than 2.5 million SNPs. 180 SNPs that showed suggestive associationwith severe fibrosis were selected, some of which affect the Wnt pathway. These SNPs were then tested on a cohortof 460 Ugandan fishers exposed to S.mansoni and the results confirmed the association of 4 SNPs with fibrosis.The second part of our thesis is the genomic analysis (transcriptome and genetics) of the mechanismsresponsible for the abnormal skin fibrosis with subjects affected by keloid scars. We performed an analysis of genes(RNASeq) expressed differently between 20 keloids, 7 healthy tissues and 7 tissues affected by hypertrophic scars.This analysis shows that the development of keloids is the consequence of an abnormal stimulation of cicatrizationpathways with strong activation of the Wnt βcatenin and Wnt PCP pathway. To support this proposal, we performeda genetic analysis of the Wnt pathway in two independant cohorts.The statistical analysis of the results shows that polymorphisms in 6 genes of the Wnt βcatenin pathway contributeto the development of keloid fibrosis.
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Die Interferenz des Tumorsuppressor-Homologen p63 mit dem kanonischen Wnt-Signalweg / The interference of the tumor suppressor homologue p63 with the canonical Wnt signalling pathway

Drewelus, Isabella 22 January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
259

Die Wnt-Signalkette in der Pathophysiologie der kongenitalen obstruktiven Uropathie der Ratte / The Wnt signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of congenital obstructive uropathy in the rat

Hermens, Jan-Simon Nikolas 04 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
260

Der Wnt-Signalweg in der Makrophagen-induzierten Invasion von Brustkrebszellen / The role of Wnt signaling in macrophage-induced invasion of breast cancer cells

Klemm, Florian 11 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.

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