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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
261

Die Bedeutung von Dishevelled in der Wnt-5a-induzierten Signaltransduktion. / The role of Dishevelled in Wnt 5a-induced signal transduction.

Dicke, Christina Charlotte 13 December 2011 (has links)
No description available.
262

Die Funktion des Wnt Antagonisten XsFRP5 während der frühembryonalen Musterbildung des Entoderms in Xenopus laevis / The role of the secreted Wnt antagonist XsFRP5 in endodermal organogenesis in Xenopus embryos

Damianitsch, Katharina 29 April 2008 (has links)
No description available.
263

Implications d'AXIN2 et de l'instabilité microsatellite dans le développement des tumeurs du cortex-surrénalien

Chapman, Audrey 12 1900 (has links)
Les lésions tumorales cortico-surrénaliennes sont majoritairement des adénomes bénins et très rarement des carcinomes. Les altérations génétiques impliquées dans le développement des tumeurs cortico-surrénaliennes sporadiques, plus particulièrement au stade malin, demeurent à ce jour très peu connues. Lors de travaux récents menant à l’identification d’altérations génétiques de β-CATÉNINE nous avons constaté que plusieurs tumeurs présentaient une accumulation nucléo/cytoplasmique de la protéine β-CATÉNINE sans toutefois contenir de mutations pour ce gène. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse que, comme pour d’autres types de cancers, d’autres composants de la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-CATÉNINE, tel qu’AXIN2, pourrait être impliqués dans le développement des tumeurs du cortex surrénalien. De plus, plusieurs aberrations dans l’expression d’AXIN2 et de β-CATÉNINE sont associées à des tumeurs présentant de l’instabilité microsatellite dans d’autres types de cancer, notamment le cancer gastrique et colorectal. Nous avons donc étudié une cohorte de 30 adénomes, 6 carcinomes, 5 AIMAH, 3 hyperplasies ACTH-dépendante et 5 PPNAD ainsi que les lignées cellulaires de carcinomes cortico-surrénaliens humains H295R et SW13. Une étude préliminaire du statut MSI a également été réalisée sur 10 tumeurs contenant une mutation pour AXIN2 et/ou β-CATÉNINE. Nous avons trouvé des mutations d’AXIN2 dans 7% des adénomes (2/30) et 17% des carcinomes (1/6) cortico-surrénaliens. L’analyse fonctionnelle des mutations par immunohistochimie, analyse western blot et analyse de RT-PCR en temps réel a révélé une diminution de l’expression d’AXIN2 associée à cette mutation. L’analyse préliminaire MSI a démontré 1 échantillon AIMAH MSI-H, c’est-à-dire instable pour le locus BAT-25 et BAT-26 et 3 autres adénomes sécrétant de l’aldostérone instables seulement pour le locus BAT-26. Ainsi, ces travaux permirent d’identifier une nouvelle altération génétique associée au développement des tumeurs du cortex surrénalien en plus de rapporter pour la première fois la présence de MSI-H dans ce type de tumeurs. / Adrenocortical lesions are mostly benign tumors and rarely carcinomas. From now on, genetic alterations implicated in sporadic adrecocortical tumour development remains largely unknown. In our previous work leading to identification of genetic alterations in β-catenin, we observed that many tumors presented a nucleo/cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin protein without β-catenin mutations. Thus, we hypothesised that, as for many others cancers, others components of the Wnt/ β-catenin signalling pathway, as AXIN2, are implicated in development of adrenocortical tumors. Also, many aberrations in AXIN2 and β-catenin expression have been reported in association with microsatellite instability in other types of cancers like gastroinstestinal and colorectal cancer. We have studied 30 adenomas, 6 carcinomas, 5 AIMAH, 3 ACTH-dependant hyperplasias and 5 PPNAD as well as the human carcinoma cancer cells lines H295R and SW13. Preliminary study for MSI was also realised on 10 tumors harbouring AXIN2 and/or Β-CATENIN mutations. We have found AXIN2 mutations in 7% of adrenocortical adenomas (2/30) and 17% of adrenocortiocal carcinomas. Functional analysis of this mutation by immunohistochemical, western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a down-regulation of AXIN2 expression associated with this mutation. Preliminary analysis of MSI results in 1 AIMAH sample MSI-H, which means instable for BAT-25 and BAT-26 locus, and 2 aldosterone adenomas were unstable for BAT-26 locus. This work identified a new genetic alteration involved in adrenocortical tumour development and report for the first time MSI-H in this type of tumor.
264

Histologische Klassifikation für degenerativ geschädigte Menisken - die Wnt-Signalwegsmoleküle RSPO2 und SFRP2 in humanem Meniskusgewebe / Histological classification for degenerative meniscus - the wnt modulating proteins RSPO2 and SFRP2 in human meniscus tissue

Roth, Moritz 10 February 2014 (has links)
No description available.
265

Induction of the isthmic organizer and specification of the neural plate border /

Patthey, Cédric, January 2008 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2008. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
266

Evaluation von Antagonisten des Wnt-3a-Signalwegs in diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen / Evaluation of Wnt-3a signaling antagonists in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

Take, Patricia 29 November 2018 (has links)
No description available.
267

L’inactivation de la cycline A2 contribue à la carcinogenèse colorectale en perturbant l'homéostasie colique et induisant une inflammation chez la souris / Loss of cyclin A2 contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis by disrupting colonic homeostasis and inducing inflammation in mice

Guo, Yuchen 02 July 2018 (has links)
La cycline A2 est un régulateur essentiel du cycle cellulaire qui, en association avec des kinases dépendantes des cyclines (CDK) régule la réplication de l'ADN et l’entré des cellules en mitose. Dans de nombreux types de cancers humains, la cycline A2 a été considérée comme un facteur de prolifération contribuant à la cancérogenèse de par ses fonctions dans la régulation du cycle cellulaire. Récemment, la complexité des fonctions de cycline A2 a été révélée. Certaines études in vitro ont démontré que l'inactivation de la cycline A2 induit une augmentation de la motilité cellulaire et de l'invasion dans les fibroblastes consécutive à une activation défective de RhoA. De plus, il a été montré que l'inactivation de la cycline A2 induit la EMT par l’intermédiaire d’une augmentation de l'activité transcriptionnelle de la β-caténine, mais aussi via la voie TGFβ/Prefoldin. Ces études suggèrent que des niveaux réduits de cycline A2 sont liés à une invasion accrue et à l’apparition de métastases dans certains types de cancer. A l’aide d’un modèle de souris mutante pour la cycline A2, une étude récente a établi une fonction de cette dernière, indépendante des CDK, dans la réparation des cassures double brin de l'ADN et a montré que la perte de la cycline A2 favorise l’apparition de cancers de la peau et du poumon. L’ensemble de ces études met en évidence l’existence de multiples fonctions pour la cycline A2. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à explorer le rôle de la cycline A2 dans l'homéostasie du colon et le développement du Le cancer colorectal.Pour évaluer la valeur pronostique de la cycline A2 dans le CCR, nous avons analysé l'expression de la cycline A2 par IHC sur un grand nombre d'échantillons tumoraux dérivés de patients atteints de CCR de différents stades. Nous avons trouvé que les niveaux élevés de la cycline A2 sont corrélés avec un mauvais pronostic et une survie plus faible chez les patients atteints de CCR de stade I et II. Cependant, une diminution de l'expression de la cycline A2 a été détectée aux stades III et IV par comparaison aux biopsies de CCR de stade I et II. Il est tentant de proposer que le profil d'expression de la cycline A2 reflète ses rôles distincts au cours de la cancérogenèse du côlon, comme la prolifération cellulaire au stade précoce, lorsqu'elle est fortement exprimée, mais favorise l'invasion et l'agressivité à des stades plus avancés, lorsque ses niveaux d’expression sont réduits.En complément de cette étude clinique, nous avons généré des modèles murins porteurs d’une mutation constitutive ou inductible de la cycline A2 dans l’épithélium intestinal. Nous avons montré que la déplétion de la cycline A2 dans l'épithélium intestinal de la souris provoque une rupture de la crypte colique, une inflammation, une augmentation de la prolifération des cellules épithéliales et l’apparition de dysplasies de bas et haut grade, reconnues comme lésions précancéreuses dans le CCR. Ces observations suggèrent un rôle majeur pour la cycline A2 dans la régulation de l'homéostasie du côlon et l'initiation de la tumorigénèse. Une analyse plus poussée a révélé une proportion accrue de lésions au niveau de l'ADN et une activation aberrante de la β-caténine, anomalies couramment détectées chez les patients humains atteints de CCR et considérées comme les premières altérations de cette pathologie. En outre, nous avons détecté une expression élevée de NFkB et YAP1 chez les souris mutantes pour la cycline A2, voies qui jouent un rôle critique dans la régénération tissulaire et peuvent conduire la dédifférenciation des cellules épithéliales du côlon contribuant ainsi à la tumorigenèse. Finalement, les souris mutantes cycline A2 ont été soumises à un protocole de colite associé au cancer et ont développé une proportion accrue d'inflammation, mais aussi de dysplasies et d'adénocarcinomes, en taille et en nombre, suggérant que la perte de la cycline A2 participe à la carcinogenèse colorectale chez la souris. / Cyclin A2 is an essential cell cycle regulator required for accurate DNA replication and mitotic entry in association with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). In multiple types of human cancers, cyclin A2 was considered as a proliferation driver contributing to carcinogenesis based on its function to promote cell cycle.Recently, the complexity of cyclin A2 functions has been revealed. Some in vitro studies demonstrated that cyclin A2 inactivation induces increased cell motility and invasiveness of mouse fibroblasts due to defective RhoA activation. Moreover, cyclin A2 inactivation has been shown to induce EMT through the upregulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity, but also via the TGFβ/Prefoldin pathway. These studies suggest that reduced levels of cyclin A2 are linked to increased invasiveness and metastasis in some cancer types. Using a cyclin A2 mutant mouse model, a recent study established the CDK-independent function of cyclin A2 in the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and showed that loss of cyclin A2 promotes tumorigenesis in skin and lung due to deficient DSBs repair.Altogether, these studies highlight the multiple functions cyclin A2 can execute. The aim of my thesis was to explore the role of cyclin A2 in colon homeostasis and colorectal cancer development.To evaluate the prognostic value of cyclin A2 in CRC, we analyzed cyclin A2 expression by IHC on tumor samples derived from CRC patients of different stages. We found that high levels of cyclin A2 correlate with bad prognosis and lower survival in patients with stage I and II CRC. However, decreased cyclin A2 expression was detected in stage III and IV by comparison to stage I and II CRC biopsies. Complementary to the clinical study, we generated tissue-specific mutant mouse models bearing either a constitutive or inducible cyclin A2 deletion in the intestinal epithelium. We showed that depletion of cyclin A2 in mouse intestinal epithelium causes colonic crypt disruption, inflammation, increased proliferation of epithelial cells and occurrence of low- and high-grade dysplasia, recognized as precancerous lesions of CRC. These observations suggest a major role for cyclin A2 in the regulation of normal colon homeostasis and tumor initiation. Further analysis revealed an increased proportion of DNA damage and aberrant activation of β-catenin, commonly detected in human patients with CRC and which are considered as the first occurring alterations in this pathology. Furthermore, we detected elevated expression of NFkB and YAP1 in the colons of cyclin A2 mutant mice, pathways that have been previously shown to play critical roles for tissue regeneration after tissue damage and to drive dedifferentiation of colonic epithelial cells thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Finally, cyclin A2 mutant mice were subjected to a modified colitis-associated CRC model and developed increased proportion of inflammation, but also dysplasia and adenocarcinomas, in size and numbers, suggesting that loss of cyclin A2 contributes to inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice.
268

Study of the role of Wnt pathway in a murine model of T-ALL / Etude d'un modèle murin de LAL-T WNT dépendant

Kaveri, Deepika 21 September 2012 (has links)
Nous avons généré une lignée de souris, R26-βcat, qui exprime une forme stable de la β-caténine dans les cellules T. Les souris R26-βcat présentent un blocage de la différenciation des cellules T aux stades DP du à leur résistance accrue à l’apoptose. De façon intéressante, les souris R26-βcat développent des leucémies T indépendantes de la voie Notch. Nous avons montré que la perte du suppresseur de tumeur Pten et la sur-expression de Myc sont favorisées dans ces leucémies et constituent peut être des événements secondaires contribuant à cette leucémogénése. Nous avons également mis en évidence que les tumeurs R26-βcat sont malignes, hétérogènes et que les cellules souches leucémiques (CSL) sont enrichies dans la fraction DP. De surcroît, l’auto-renouvellement des CSL R26-βcat est affaibli. Nous proposons que le modèle R26-βcat définie un nouveau sous-groupe de leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique T et que la β-catenine pourrait constituer une cible potentielle pour traiter ces leucémies. / We report a murine model, R26-βcat, expressing a stable form of β-catenin in T cells. R26-βcat pre-leukemic mice show a developmental block in T-cell differentiation and exhibit increased resistance to apoptosis. Interestingly, the mice develop T cell lymphomas independent of the Notch pathway. Furthermore, we showed that loss of the tumour suppressor Pten and over-expression of Myc was favoured; and may constitute the secondary events contributing to this leukemogenesis. We also demonstrated that R26-βcat tumours are malignant, heterogeneous and that leukaemia stem cells (LSC) were enriched in DP cells. Furthermore, the self-renewal capapcity of R26-βcat LSCs can to be exhausted.We propose that the R26-βcat model defines a new sub-group of Notch-independent T-ALL and the β-catenin may serve as a potential therapeutic target for these tumours.
269

Lineage-specific manipulation of subventricular zone germinal activity for neonatal cortical repair / Étude de l'implication des cellules souches de la zone sous-ventriculaire dans la récupération post-hypoxie néonatale

Angonin, Diane 19 September 2017 (has links)
L'hypoxie périnatale entraîne une dégénérescence et un délai de maturation des oligodendrocytes et des neurones corticaux du cortex cerebral. Mon projet de thèse a d'abord consisté à étudier la contribution des cellules souche neurales de la zone sous-ventriculaire dorsale (dSVZ) à la tentative de régénération spontanée observée après la lésion. Dans un second temps, j'ai étudié la capacité de ces cellules souches à être manipulée en utilisant une approche pharmacologique.Mes résultats mettent en évidence une réponse spontanée et dynamique de la dSVZ qui produit des neurones et des oligodendrocytes corticaux en réponse à l'hypoxie. L'administration par voie intranasale d'un inhibiteur de Gsk3b, qui active la voie Wnt/b-caténine, petite molécule identifiée à l'aide d'une étude bio-informatique comme « dorsalisante », juste après la période d'hypoxie, potentialise cette réponse spontanée. En effet, mes résultats montrent que certains neurones corticaux issus de la dSVZ survivent avec le traitement alors qu'aucun ne semblent persister après 1 mois suivant l'hypoxie. De plus, le traitement accélère la maturation des oligodendrocytes corticaux et augmentent leur production et intégration à long terme. Enfin, le traitement a un effet à long terme sur les cellules souches de la dSVZ en augmentant la proportion de ces cellules qui sont actives. Pour conclure, la dSVZ participe à la récupération corticale spontanée qui suit l'hypoxie périnatale et cette réponse peut être potentialisée par l'administration d'une petite molécule identifiée par notre analyse bio-informatique, un inhibiteur de GSK3b / Perinatal hypoxia leads to degeneration and delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes and cortical glutamatergic neurons. My PhD project consists in assessing the contribution of neural stem cells (NSCs) of the dorsal subventricular zone (dSVZ, i.e. the largest germinal zone of the postnatal brain) to the spontaneous regenerative attempt observed following such injury as well as its amenability to pharmacological manipulation.The results I have obtained highlight a dynamic and lineage-specific response of NSCs of the dSVZ to hypoxia that results in de novo oligodendrogenesis and cortical neurogenesis. Newborn cortical neurons express appropriate cortical layer markers, supporting their appropriate specification. A pharmacogenomics analysis allowed us to identify small molecules boosting specificly dSVZ NSCs. Pharmacological activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling by intranasal GSK3ß inhibitor administration during the recovery period following hypoxia indeed potentiates dorsal SVZ participation to post-hypoxia repair. Gsk3b inhibitor CHIR99021 seems to promote survival of cortical neurons from the dSVZ produced in response to hypoxia. More interestingly, CHIR99021 promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and long term integration in the cortex as well as a long term increased activity of dSVZ NSCs.Altogether, my results highlighted a dynamic and lineage-specific response of dorsal NSCs cells to hypoxia and identify the early postnatal dorsal SVZ as a malleable source of stem cells for cortical repair following trauma that occur early in life. CHIR99021 (a Gsk3b inhibitor) intranasal administration promotes this cortical cellular repair with a long term activation of dSVZ NSCs which increased their production of oligodendrocytes migrating to the cortex and a short term improvement of their maturation, and might allow the integration of cortical neurons they produce
270

Envolvimento da Beta-catenina na via Wnt em meduloblastomas: estudo molecular e imunohistoquímico / Involvement of b-catenin gene in WNT pathway in medulloblastoma: molecular and immunohistochemical analysis

Roseli da Silva 25 July 2007 (has links)
Meduloblastoma é um tumor embrionário maligno e invasivo do cerebelo, com manifestação preferencial em crianças, sendo predominantemente de diferenciação neuronal e tendência natural a metastatização por via liquórica. O gene da b-catenina (CTNNB1) está localizado no cromossomo 3p22-p21-3, sendo seu produto uma proteína citoplasmática de 92 kDa, envolvida na adesão celular e na transdução de sinal durante a embriogênese e morfogênese tecidual. A fosforilação da b-catenina é necessária para sua degradação, evitando a associação com o fator de transcrição Tcf (fator de célula T), responsável pela ativação de genes, cujos produtos promovem a proliferação celular. Estudos têm demonstrado a presença da b-catenina no núcleo das células de tumorais, um achado inesperado, pois, tratando-se de uma proteína envolvida na adesão celular, sua expressão seria esperada na membrana celular. Subseqüentemente foram descritas mutações no exon 3 do gene da b-catenina, envolvendo sítios de fosforilação. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar em meduloblastomas: mutações no gene CTNNB1, o acúmulo da proteína b-catenina, bem como correlacionar ambos os achados entre si e com o tipo histológico e analisar os níveis de expressão relativa de genes envolvidos na via WNT (CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 e APC) e correlaciona-los com o tipo histológico, idade e dados de mutação de CTNNB1 e acúmulo de b-catenina. As amostras de DNA foram extraídas de 67 casos de meduloblastomas. A análise de alterações no exon 3 de CTNNB1 foi realizada pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e seqüenciamento direto. A expressão da b-catenina foi analisada pela técnica de imunohistoquímica (IHQ). As análises de expressão relativa de CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 e APC foram realizadas pelo método de PCR quantitativo em tempo real (RQ-PCR) em 31 amostras de meduloblastomas. A freqüência de mutações do exon 3 de CTNBB1 foi de 15%. Foram identificadas 6 mutações missense e em heterozigose em 10 casos: troca de G por A (Asp32Asn) em um caso, troca de C por A (Ser34Tir) em quatro casos, troca de C por G (Ser33Cis) em dois casos, troca G por A (Gli34Arg) em um caso, troca de G por T (Gli34Glu) em um caso e troca de C por A (Ser37Tir) em um caso. Foi observada uma imunorreatividade de ß-catenina no núcleo em 36,4% dos casos analisados. No citoplasma, a ß-catenina estava presente em todos os casos. Não houve correlação entre o tipo histológico e os dados qualitativos e semi-quantitativos de IHQ. Também não houve correlação entre o tipo histológico com os achados de mutações. Não foi observada diferença nos níveis de expressão dos genes CTNNB1, AXIN1 e APC nos meduloblastomas em relação ao tecidos cerebelares não tumorais. Na análise de expressão relativa e a classificação histológica, apenas APC apresentou diferença entre o tipo clássico com o desmoplásico. Não houve diferença dos níveis de expressão relativa em nenhum dos genes com relação à idade do paciente. A presença de mutações de CTNNB1 não afetou a expressão relativa de CTNNB1 e APC. Por outro lado, AXIN1 apresentou uma maior expressão relativa nos casos com mutação. APC apresentou uma menor expressão quanto maior o acúmulo de b-catenina no núcleo. Os dados indicam que outras proteínas da via WNT podem estar envolvidas no acúmulo de b-catenina nas células de meduloblastomas, além do envolvimento de outras diferentes vias. / Medulloblastoma is a malignant invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with a preferential manifestation in children, being predominantly with neuronal differentiation, and a natural tendency to metastasize through spinal fluid pathways. b-catenin gene (CTNNB1) is localized at chromosome 3p22-p21.3 and codifies a cytoplasmatic protein of 92 kDa, involved in cellular adhesion and signal transduction during embriogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. b-catenin phosphorylation is necessary for its degradation, avoiding association with Tcf (T cell factor), responsible for activation of some genes, whose products promote cellular proliferation. Studies have demonstrated the presence of b-catenin in the nucleus of tumoral cells, an unexpected finding because it is a protein involved in cellular adhesion and its normal localization is at the cellular membrane. Subsequentially, mutations in the phosphorylation sites, localized at the exon 3 of b-catenin gene, have been described. The aims of this study were to analyze in medulloblastomas: CTNNB1 gene mutations, the protein b-catenin accumulation, as well as to correlate both findings between them and with the histological type and to analyze the relative expression levels of genes involved in the WNT pathway (CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 and APC). DNA samples were extracted from 67 cases of medulloblastoma. Alterations of CTNNB1 exon 3 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The expression of the protein b-catenin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relative expression analyses of CTNNB1, AXIN1, WNT1 and APC were determined by quantitative real time PCR (RQ-PCR) in 31 medulloblastoma samples. The frequency of CTNBB1 exon 3 mutations in the CTNNB1 was 15%. We identified six missense heterozygous mutations in ten cases: a G to A change (Asp32Asn) in one case, a C to A change (Ser34Tyr) in four cases, a C to G change (Ser33Cys) in two cases, a G to A change (Gly34Arg) in one case and a G to T change (Gly34Glu) in one case and a C to A change (Ser37Tyr) in one case. It was observed b-catenin immunoreactivity in the nucleus in 36.4% of all cases analyzed. In the cytoplasm, the ß-catenin was present in all the cases. No correlation between histological type and IHQ qualitative and semi-quantitative. Also, there was no correlation between histological type and mutations. No difference in the expression levels of the genes CTNNB1, AXIN1 and APC were observed in medulloblastomas in relation to normal cerebellum samples by QT-PCR analysis. In the analysis of relative expression and the histological classification, only APC presented significant difference between classic and desmoplastic type. There was no difference of the relative expression levels of any gene with the patient?s age. The presence of CTNNB1 mutations did not affect the relative expression of CTNNB1 and APC. On the other hand, AXIN1 presented a higher relative expression in the cases with mutation. APC expression level was lower when b-catenin nuclear accumulation was higher. Our data indicate that other proteins of WNT pathway can be involved in b-catenin accumulation in medulloblastoma cells, as well as the involvement of other different pathways.

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