After Lithuania had gained its independence, there arose the necessity for non-native speakers living in Lithuania to learn the state language. More and more other nationality families become interested in their children learning the state language. In connection with this, in the pre-school institutions as well as schools, the number of schoolchildren grows. Naturally, their education becomes problematic. Aim of the research: to reveal the difficulties bilingual children meet while learning the state language in the pre-school groups and try to forecast learning problems they may encounter in the first class. Moreover, to analyze their prognostic validity and to evidence the possible help. In the research took part 80 children who have bilingual or multilingual problems in the pre-school group and after three months in the first class. There were presented the analyses of the pre-school and the first class teachers. The tasks of the research: • to realize the abilities of bilingual, multilingual children in the state language; • to understand how has changed communication abilities of the same researched children in the primary school in comparison with the pre-school group; • to state the most often learning problems that bilingual and multilingual first class pupils face while learning the state language; • to understand the kind of methodological-practical help that is needed by the learners facing the difficulties... [to full text]

Baigiamajame magistro darbe „Keramikos pramonės internetinio marketingo plėtros modelis“ analizuojamos keramikos pramonės internetinio marketingo modelio tobulinimo galimybės, teoriniai internetinio marketingo modeliai, įvertinamos internetinio marketingo komunikacijos priemonės, jų privalumai ir trūkumai, remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio IMM žvalgomaisiais tyrimais sukuriamas keramikos pramonės internetinio marketingo plėtros modelis. Pirmoje teorinėje dalyje analizuojama informacinių technologijų plėtra, įtaka verslui. Analizuojami el. verslo modeliai, internetinio marketingo komunikacijos priemonės, internetinio marketingo principai. Atlikta antrinių šaltinių analizė įrodo internetinio marketingo svarbą verslui ir palankias plėtros perspektyvas. Antroje dalyje analizuojama Lietuvos keramikos pramonės padėtis, atliekama Lietuvos ir užsienio keramikos pramonės įmonių IMM analizė. Tyrimų rezultatai parodo, kad užsienio įmonių internetinis marketingas yra pažangesnis negu Lietuvos įmonių. Užsienio modeliai nuo Lietuvos skiriasi tuo, kad yra didesnis internetinio marketingo komunikacijų skaičius ir platesnė įgyvendinimo formų įvairovė. Trečioje dalyje, remiantis žvalgomojo tyrimo rezultatais, formuluojamas Lietuvos keramikos pramonės internetinio marketingo plėtros modelis, nustatomi internetinio marketingo komunikacijų ir IMM efektyvumo kriterijai. Siūlomas keramikos pramonės internetinio marketingo plėtros modelis, kuris turėtų pagerinti internetinio marketingo veiklą įmonėse... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In degree work „Model of development of internet – marketing in a ceramic industry“ ways of perfection of model of Internet - marketing to a ceramic industry, theoreticals models of Internet - marketing are analyzed, ways of communication in Internet - marketing, their advantages and the lacks are estimated, the executed analysis Lithuanian and foreign models of Internet - marketing allows to formulate model of development of Internet - marketing in a ceramic industry. In the first part development of information technologies, their influence on business are analyzed. It is analyzed electronic models of business, ways of communication in Internet - marketing, principles of Internet - marketing. The executed analysis of the secondary data proves importance of Internet - marketing for business and positive prospects of development. In the second part position of the Lithuanian ceramic industry is analyzed, to be made the analysis of model of Internet - marketing in the Lithuanian and foreign firms. Results of research show, that the model of Internet - marketing in foreign firms is more advanced than in the Lithuanian firms. Foreign models from Lithuanian differ that they use wider quantity of ways of communication in Internet - marketing, and also use more ways of realization of these ways. In the third part, being based on the lead researches, the model of development of Internet - marketing in the Lithuanian ceramic industry is formulated, criteria of efficiency of... [to full text]

The aim of this thesis was to find out how the teachers I have interviewed, felt that they worked with and looked at conflict management. The aim was also to find similarities and differences in teachers' ways of working with conflict. With the help of my questions, I got answers to what I wanted to explore in my essay. I used these questions: What strategies do the teachers I interviewed for managing conflicts in preschool? What tools do the teachers I interviewed see as most effective in the process of conflict management? Are there differences and similarities in the way that the teachers I interviewed work with current conflict? What factors, according to the informants starts a conflict? What is the teachers’ definition of a conflict and how does their definition affect their approach when working with conflicts?In my study, I have used a qualitative approach in the form of structured interview, to get material for my thesis. In my interviews, I used an interview guide and a tape recorder.I analyzed my material using three different theories. The first theory is Vygotsky's theory of learning and development from a sociocultural perspective, the other is Skinner's theory of positive feedback and the third is Freud's psychoanalytic theory. I have also used the previous research to analyze my empirical material. Previous research describing various approaches to working with conflicts. I have also used the book Solution -oriented pedagogy as a tool to analyze my material.      The study shows that it seems as the most important thing in one's work with conflict, is the way a teacher look at and relate to a conflict. Many of the teacher see a conflict as something constructive and positive. There is a different approach and strategies in the way the different pre-schoolteachers work and help the kids to take on and resolve a conflict. The similarities in the teachers work with conflict is that they find dialogue as an important tool and that the language is important in resolving a conflict.

The object of investigation – farmers’ economical activity diversification. The subject of investigation – farmers’ economical activity diversification politics development incentives. The aim of this work – to analyze farmers’ economical activity diversification political incentives and development possibilities. Tasks: 1. to study famers’ economical activity diversification theoretical aspects; 2. to find out influence of multifunctional agriculture model to famers’ economical activity diversification; 3. to analyze political trends determining famers’ economical activity diversification; 4. estimate famers necessity and possibilities to economical activity diversification in Lithuania. By studying science literature about theoretical diversification and empirical information in the work is analyzed agriculturalist’s needs of economical activity, revealed new possibilities to diversify economical activity according to multifunctionality of agriculture. Also are analyzed European Union political incentives of agriculturalist’s economical diversity. Way and means of investigation – analysis of science literature, logical analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison analysis, logical and chart methods of model.

This study aimed to examine the association between specific maternal characteristics (i.e., parents&rsquo / personality, depression, anxiety, affective state, and coping strategies) and childhood ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms in children with and without the diagnosis of ADHD. Method: Data was obtained from 231 subjects including mothers of 77 children who were just diagnosed by Child Mental Health Departments of Hacettepe University or IMGE Child Mental Health Center and 154 children without any psychiatric diagnosis, who were receiving education from Nebahat Keskin Elementary School. Among 154 non-diagnosed subjects the ones who match best with the 77 ADHD group participants were chosen, considering ages of the children, income of the family, and education of the mother. Results and Discussion: (1) Psychometric Characteristics of the TBFI and CARSS were examined. The internal consistency coefficients of the TBFI varied from .51 (for Agreeableness) to .75 (for Neuroticism) and all subscales of CARSS had moderate to high degree of internal consistencies ranging from .65 (Conduct Disorder) to .92. (e.g., Attention Deficit). Additionally, concurrent validity of TBFI and criterion validity of CARSS were studied. Results revealed that TBFI had sufficient internal consistency and validity, and also revealed that CARSS was a highly reliable and valid measure, successfully differentiating the diagnosed group from the non-diagnosed group on each subscale. (2) Group differences on maternal characteristics were examined. Compared to non-diagnosed children, children with ADHD had mothers with higher Depression symptoms, higher Negative Affect, higher Neuroticism, lower Positive Affect. (3) Regression analyses, which were conducted separately for each group and the whole group, revealed that different maternal characteristics were associated with symptoms of diagnosed and non-diagnosed children. In general while symptom levels of children, who have ADHD diagnosis, was associated with higher maternal Negative and lower Positive Affect and higher Depression and Anxiety symptoms, and lower Extraversion scores / symptom level of Comparison children was associated more with Conscientiousness. These differences were explained by means of the fit between maternal characteristics and vulnerability, lower tolerance, lower adaptation, and compensation skills of children with ADHD (when compared to Comparison group). Results addressed the importance of maternal factors regarding its association with presence, and the severity of ADHD and comorbid symptoms of children.

Computer programming is a core area in computer science education that involves practical as well as conceptual learning goals. The literature in programming education reports however that novice students have great problems in their learning. These problems apply to concepts as well as to practise. The empirically based research presented in this thesis contributes to the body of knowledge on students' learning by investigating the relationship between conceptual and practical learning in novice student learning of programming. Previous research in programming education has focused either on students' practical or conceptual learning. The present research indicates however that students' problems with learning to program partly depend on a complex relationship and mutual dependence between the two. The most significant finding is that practise, in terms of activities at different levels of proficiency, and qualitatively different conceptual understandings, have dimensions of variation in common. An analytical model is suggested where the dimensions of variation relate both to concepts and activities. The implications of the model are several. With the dimensions of variation at the center of learning this implies that when students discern a dimension of variation, related conceptual understandings and the meaning embedded in related practises can be discerned. Activities as well as concepts can relate to more than one dimension. Activities at a higher level of proficiency, as well as qualitatively richer understandings of concepts, relate to more dimensions of variation. Concrete examples are given on how variation theory and patterns of variation can be applied in teaching programming. The results can be used by educators to help students discern dimensions of variation, and thus facilitate practical as well as conceptual learning.

The Tide Lords series of fantasy novels set out to examine the issue of immortality. Its purpose was to look at the desirability of immortality, specifically why people actively seek it. It was meant to examine the practicality of immortality, specifically — having got there, what does one do to pass the time with eternity to fill? I also wished to examine the notion of true immortality — immortals who could not be killed. What I did not anticipate when embarking upon this series, and what did not become apparent until after the series had been sold to two major publishing houses in Australia and the US, was the strength of the immortality tropes. This series was intended to fly in the face of these tropes, but confronted with the reality of such a work, the Australian publishers baulked at the ideas presented, requesting the series be re-written with the tropes taken into consideration. They wanted immortals who could die, mortals who wanted to be immortal. And a hero with a sense of humour. This exegesis aims to explore where these tropes originated. It will also discuss the ways I negotiated a way around the tropes, and was eventually able to please the publishers by appearing to adhere to the tropes, while still staying true to the story I wanted to tell. As such, this discussion is, in part, an analysis of how an author negotiates the tensions around writing within a genre while trying to innovate within it.

This study has adopted the metaphor of �mind-forged manacles� to explore adolescent transformation within an educational context. It does this by examining the experiences of two groups of people who participated in an intensive, one-off personal development program for adolescents, known as Discovery. The first study involves secondary school students for whom the program was part of the school curriculum. The second study consists of an older group of people who did the program during their adolescence and outside the formal education system. The third study is a contemplation of transformation derived from my experience as researcher during the course of completing this thesis. In an attempt to reflect the perspectival worldview from within which the study is created I have drawn on a range of theorists. To integrate their ideas I created three different �lenses� or ways of viewing the data. The first lens is developed from consciousness theory, the second from process philosophy and complex self-organising systems theory, and the third from individual humanistic psychology. The educational pedagogy is holistic and embraces developmental models of thinking and learning. The study uses participant reflection to argue that a program of intentionally focussed challenges, combined with the support that enables these challenges to be successfully met, can be transformational for many young people. It suggests that the complex postmodern world requires teachers to be aware of their own and their students� consciousness, and demands learning experiences that are deliberately focussed on helping the process of consciousness transformation rather than only on achieving predetermined outcomes. Transformation is understood as a shift to a different order of consciousness in which it is how one sees rather than what one sees that changes. With each shift towards a new order of consciousness the mind-forged manacles are loosed and individuals accept increasing responsibility for their lives and how they live them. Educational programs can be developed to assist this process.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2018-02-01T14:44:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 17777123 bytes, checksum: 45841e0d9c5ef16e9df243b8a978bcda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T14:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 17777123 bytes, checksum: 45841e0d9c5ef16e9df243b8a978bcda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / The coastal fishing communities present several realities which always reveal a specific knowledge about their way of living. In this sense, we have tried to show, in this particular research, a reflection about the tradition in three communities located by the banks of the Goiana and Megaó Rivers, which make part of the Marine Extractive Reserve in Acaú/PB-Goiana/PE, established in 2007 and situated on the borders of Paraíba and Pernambuco. The chosen field occurred for the predominance of the small-scale fishing sector, although the insertion of new residents, undertakings, fishers from other states, impacts generated by the disordered growth, among other factors that have got in the way on the common spaces of housing, work and community sociability. Such aspects are described by the memory and tradition. In the marine and fishing sociology and anthropology we have focused on the socio-cultural changes that the estuarine who live on the border of the Goiana and Megaó Rivers have been experiencing since its constitution, mainly, the stories about the place, the work and survival strategies, the hard daily life in the tide and in the uncertain “fishing”, the social organization, the cultural manifests and the celebrations, that is, the peculiar way of life of those who outline in the fishing practice some knowledge which is typical of the traditional populations. The methodology has occurred by the participant observation, resources of life history and registers of testimonials through oral story. Besides, our observations have also aimed to contribute for the ethnography of the fishers who have been born, raised or lived for more than 10 years in the analyzed communities. The ethnography suggests an analytical and descriptive report of a traditional way of living which has been revised by the social dynamics and may, in this way, contribute for future management actions in the Unit of Conservation (Resex Acaú-Goiana). The tradition is re-elaborated and re-invented as a way of small-scale fishing resistance because of the changes and impacts lived by the fishers from Acaú-PB, Carne de Vaca-PE, São Lourenço Village-PE, and this resistance is penetrated in the social and fishing productions and in the way of being and doing the artisanal fisher. / As comunidades pesqueiras litorâneas apresentam realidades diversas que revelam sempre um conhecimento particular sobre seu modo de viver. Nesse sentido, buscamos mostrar, no presente trabalho, uma reflexão sobre a tradição em três comunidades localizadas às margens dos estuários dos rios Goiana e Megaó, dentro da Reserva Extrativista Marinha Acaú/PB-Goiana/PE, criada em 2007 e situada na divisa dos estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. O campo escolhido deu-se pela predominância da pesca artesanal, apesar da inserção de novos moradores, empreendimentos, pescadores de outros estados, impactos gerados com o crescimento desordenado, entre outros fatores que se interpuseram aos espaços comuns de moradia, trabalho e sociabilidade comunitária. Aspectos dessa mudança são descritos tendo como fio condutor a memória e a tradição. No curso da sociologia e antropologia marítima e pesqueira, foram focadas as mudanças socioculturais que os estuarinos que vivem às margens do rio Goiana e do Megaó vêm vivenciando desde sua constituição, notadamente, as histórias sobre o lugar, as estratégias de trabalho, de sobrevivência, o cotidiano difícil na maré e na “pesca” incerta, da organização social, as manifestações culturais e festividades, ou seja, o modo peculiar de vida daqueles que esboçam na prática pesqueira um conhecimento típico das populações tradicionais. A metodologia contou com a observação participante, recursos da história de vida e registros de depoimentos por meio da história oral. Além disso, nossas observações objetivam também contribuir para uma etnografia de pescadores e pescadeiras que nasceram, cresceram ou residem há mais de 10 anos nas comunidades estudadas. A etnografia sugere uma descrição analítica e descritiva de um modo de vida tradicional reelaborado pela dinâmica social, podendo, assim, contribuir para ações futuras de gestão na Unidade de Conservação (Resex Acaú-Goiana). A tradição é reelaborada e reinventada como forma de resistência da pesca artesanal frente às mudanças e aos impactos vivenciados pelos(as) pescadores(as) e pescadeiras de Acaú-PB, Carne de Vaca- PE, Povoação de São Lourenço-PE, perpassada nas relações sociais e de produção pesqueira e no modo de ser e fazer pescador(a) artesanal.

In this thesis, I challenge assumptions underlying my discipline of enterprise architecture that led to two choices facing practitioners: either to work with tools and techniques which predict and control changes towards predetermined ends or to accept informal processes that are unpredictable and wasteful. Orthodox enterprise architecture defines an enterprise as an organisation, which is a system, and prescribes methods that seek to provide control over the transformation of an organisation into a desired state of affairs by achieving complete knowledge of the system before initiating the desired transformation. Drawing on complexity sciences, I offer a different perspective on organisation and claim that organising what we do is an aspect of doing what we do. Organising is process. I furthermore claim that the people who are organising what we do can act spontaneously and surprise both themselves and others, but often they act habitually. Habitual ways of acting allow us to anticipate to some extent how others are likely to respond to us and, as we grow up, we learn how to behave ourselves, that is, how to adjust our behaviour to what we judge socially acceptable to increase the likelihood of being able to garner support and collaboration. I posit that social control is exercised in this way as mutual self-adjustment that forms what is normal and valued conduct. In other words, our shared social norms and values thus paradoxically and simultaneously form individuals and their conduct and are formed by individuals and their conduct. I claim that in this way we have partial, but never full, knowledge of how others generally respond to certain behaviour of ours. We can ever have only partial knowledge of that which is - in the words of Mannheim - in the process of becoming. I therefore reject the central assumptions upon which orthodox enterprise architecture is based. In organisations, we engineer and exploit mechanical mechanisms that can conduct certain action more effectively and efficiently than people can. Materiality, objects in the world, can resist attempts to shape them to suit our needs but do so without intentionality or spontaneity. Accommodating material resistance is thus repeatable. Enterprise architecture as a discipline grew out of engineering of physical mechanisms and assumes a similar repeatability and predictability when working with the social, which I find to be an unwarranted assumption. I argue against the claim of orthodox enterprise architecture that we can bring about a pre-determined state in a controlled fashion and against the claim that without such control we have informal processes that are inevitably unpredictable and wasteful. I posit that what emerges is paradoxically stable instabilities of socially enabled and constrained recognisable patterns of behaviour. When devising a mechanism in a physical object, such as a software programme, a repertoire of scripted action is transcribed into it which remains constant until transcription is renewed. Transcription has a tendency to render action less fluid. Some members of an organisation may judge particular scripted action to be awkward or detrimental while others may judge the same scripted action to be efficient and beneficial. Thus, determining which scripted action to transcribe into mechanisms is a highly political decision which attracts the attention of skilful political players. Enterprise architects can have a valuable role to play, since we have a better than average partial knowledge about technology, and since technology is increasingly important for many enterprises. I posit that becoming more aware of power and power plays, developing a feel for the game, and becoming more detached about our involvement will allow us to play into what is emerging socially with more political awareness and expertise.