En la actualidad, se hace más frecuente la aparición de enfermedades que años atrás no eran comunes o que se presentaban en personas de avanzada edad, lo grabe de este hecho radica en que año tras año se diagnostican en personas de temprana edad. Una de estas enfermedades es la hipertensión arterial, enfermedad relacionada con el aumento desmesurado de la fuerza ejercida por el corazón para transportar la sangre a todos los órganos del cuerpo humano. Padecer esta enfermedad a temprana edad es considerado peligroso debido a qué se pueden encubar enfermedades crónicas como el cáncer y la diabetes. Por otra parte, el Estado invierte cantidades exorbitantes de dinero para poder tratar esta enfermedad, lo cual, en el caso de prevenirse, se podrían destinar estas sumas de dinero a otros proyectos de igual importancia para la sociedad peruana. El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo brindar un apoyo a la sociedad en la concientización y autocontrol de la presión arterial a través de una solución tecnológica que permita realizar un análisis de factores de riesgo de variables relacionadas a enfermedades cardiovasculares, para poder estimar y poder brindar un diagnóstico presuntivo que permita que las personas puedan conocer si están propensos a ser hipertensos y tengan una alternativa de cambios de hábitos conductuales para poder reducir esa probabilidad. Este documento contiene información relativa a los factores que influyen en la adquisición de la hipertensión arterial, así como la información referente a los procedimientos médicos para el despistaje en primera instancia de hipertensión arterial y el uso emergente de tecnologías wearables para la toma de datos fisiológicos de un usuario. / In this paper, we propose a Technological Solution integrated to a wearable device that allows measuring some physiological variables such as body mass index (BMI), steps taken, burned calories, blood pressure and others risk factors associated with the Framingham´s score. The objective of this article is to identify the evolutionary pattern of the Framingham´s score each day in order to determine a presumptive diagnosis of high blood pressure. This propose is due to rising rate of people diagnosed as hypertensive in Perú that affects 13% of the population every year and it´s the beginning of chronic diseases such as Cancer or Diabetes. This Technological Solution is composed of 4 phases: 1. The user´s data collection from the wearable device; 2. The data reception to the mobile application through Bluetooth communication protocol; 3. The sending data from the mobile application to the SQL Azure database engine hosted in the cloud platform; 4. The process of generating educational health reports based in Framingham´s score. The Technological Solution was validated in a social insurance of a public hospital in Lima, Perú. The preliminary results obtained in a diagnostic test shows a sensitivity level of 83.33% in the proposed Technological Solution, a level of precision better than a traditional Framingham´s score for presumptive diagnosis of high blood pressure. This proposed contributes to the patient´s awareness about the bad routine habits related to lifestyle and promotes the empowerment of data in order to make some changes that influence on the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. / Tesis

Personal Informatics (PI) are information systems that allow people to process activities with the usage of information technology, aiming to produce informational products (data) either for themselves or for others. Technologies that enable PI are becoming increasingly popular, assisting people in collecting personally relevant information about their body and their behaviour. In sports industry nowadays, a great variety of PI wearable tools offer support to athletes and training staff to improve their performance. An example of such tool is the Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems (EPTS), which are a combination of hardware and software that facilitates the collection, storage, analysis and management of professional athletes’ fitness and health data. Although significant and broadly used, EPTS have not yet received much attention from researchers and, thus, understudied. Therefore, the master’s thesis explores the perceptions of professional football athletes and training staff regarding the use of EPTS in their everyday training and work. Furthermore, the master’s thesis research explores the benefits and challenges that professional football athletes and training staff experience when using EPTS in their everyday training and work. The master’s thesis study adopts the interpretive paradigm and qualitative ethnographic approach. The research data was collectedthrough direct observations in the field and semi-structured interviews from Greek professional football athletes and Greek training staff that use wearable EPTS in their everyday training and work and was analysed thematically. A theoretical framework, which is built upon relevant literature from the informatics field and along with the theory of sensemaking, is used to understand, interpret and discuss the research findings. The research outcome of the master’s thesis shows that communication is at the core of EPTS enabling football players and training staff to improve individual and team performance. Organizing of every day starts and ends with EPTS analysis and evaluation and better organized and daily evaluated football methodology appears as key benefit for the club. Coaches and trainers are now more data driven and accurate and analysts and trainers that conduct analysisof the data provided by EPTS are new members of the training staff. Evidence provided by EPTS build trust between staff and players and in the training staff. Visualization tools for presenting insights need to be further improved with the addition of in-field monitors and 3D presentations. Furthermore, it is important for training staff members to have ethical and consistent strategy on how data derived from EPTS are used on how data are communicated.  The research complements previous research on personal informatics and adjusts them to elite team sport context and adds to the theory of sensemaking regarding how users make sense of PI tools that are related with their everyday routines at work. In addition, it offers football training staff members a model for efficient use of EPTS technology into the everyday football practices and a model of sustainable use aiming the overall improvement of team performance.

The goal of this master's thesis is to analyze the situation of wearable devices with the Android Wear operating system and recognition capabilities of various movement activities using neural networks. The primary focus is therefore on identifying and describing the most appropriate tool for recognizing dynamic movements using machine learning methods based on data obtained from this type of devices. The practical part of the thesis then comments on the implementation of a stand-alone Android Wear application capable of recording and formatting data from sensors, training the neural network in a designed external desktop tool, and then reusing trained neural network for motion recognition directly on the device.

Heutzutage erfüllen nur 35 % der Deutschen das empfohlene Maß an körperlicher Bewegung (Robert Koch Institute, 2015). Ein möglicher Grund für diese Inaktivität ist, dass die körperliche Betätigung am Arbeitsplatz sich in den letzten Jahren um insgesamt 28% verringert hat (Wilke, Ashton, Elis, Biallas, & Froböse, 2015). Um dieser Entwicklung entgegenzuwirken, evaluiert die vorliegende Dissertation eine mHealth Intervention bestehend aus Fitnessarmbändern und einem Online Coach, welche die Bewegung von inaktiven Beschäftigten mit Gesundheitsrisiko fördern soll. Zusätzlich wird das Occupational Health Behavior Change (OHBC) Modell als theoretische Grundlage für Veränderungen von Gesundheitsverhalten im betrieblichen Kontext entwickelt. Das OHBC Modell verbindet ein gesundheitspsychologisches Modell mit einem Modell aus dem Bereich der Arbeits-& Organisationspsychologie und stellt die Grundlage für die beiden veröffentlichten Studien der Dissertation dar. Studie I bewertet den Effekt der Intervention auf körperliche Gesundheit und arbeitsbezogenem Wohlbefinden anhand eines randomisiert kontrollierten Studiendesigns und unter Berücksichtigung von Langzeiteffekten. Beschäftigte in der Interventionsgruppe zeigten eine Verbesserung ihrer physischen Gesundheit bis zu einem Jahr nach der Intervention, jedoch wurde kein Effekt auf arbeitsbezogenes Wohlbefinden gefunden. Studie II zeigt, dass die Schrittanzahl und die Beeinträchtigung des Wohlbefindens während der Intervention verbessert werden und beantwortet weiterführende Fragen über die Effektivität der Intervention anhand von modernen statistischen Methoden. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der beiden Studien diskutiert und dabei die Struktur des neu kreierten OHBC Modells überprüft. Insgesamt zeigt die vorliegende Dissertation, dass Fitnessarmbändern kombiniert mit einem Online Coach eine effektive Intervention darstellen, um körperliche Aktivität, physische Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Beschäftigten zu fördern. / Nowadays only 35% of the German population performs the recommended amount of physical activity (Robert Koch Institute, 2015). A reason for this inactivity might be that the amount of moderate to vigorous physical activities at work (e.g., brisk walking or moving heavy loads) has diminished by about 28% within the last decades (Wilke et al., 2015). To counteract this alarming development, this dissertation evaluates an mHealth intervention that aims to promote physical activity in the working environment. In particular, this intervention combines activity trackers with an online coach to promote physical activity among inactive employees at risk. Furthermore, this dissertation creates the Occupational Health Behavior Change (OHBC) model as a theoretical framework for changing health behavior within a work setting by combining a model of the health psychology with a model of the industrial and organizational psychology. The model functions as the basis for the two published studies of the dissertation. Study 1 evaluated the intervention by using a randomized controlled trial design and assessed long-term effects on employees’ physical health and work-related well-being. The results show that employees in the intervention group improved their physical health up to one year after the intervention whereas no effect was found for work-related well-being. Study 2 shows that the number of steps and impaired well-being were improved during the intervention and clarified several additional questions about the intervention’s efficacy by applying modern statistical methods. Finally, the findings of the studies were discussed and the theoretical structure of the newly created OHBC model was reviewed based on the studies’ results. Taken together, the overall findings show that combining activity trackers with an online coach constitutes an effective intervention for occupational health promotion with the aim of promoting physical activity, health and well-being among employees.

Det har idag blivit alltmer populärt att spåra sin aktivitet i syfte att förbättra och förenkla sin vardag och sitt liv. Genom att använda olika verktyg kan människor idag ge produkter och tjänster tillgång till deras data för att spåra deras aktivitet. Ett sådant verktyg är aktivitetsarmbandet och smartklockan. Med dessa kan användare bland annat mäta puls, antal steg och få sms- och samtalsnotifikationer. Armbanden och klockorna samlar därmed in data kring användarnas hälsa och aktivitet och på så sätt kan de visa statistik för användarna för att ge dem information om hur mycket - eller hur lite - de till exempel rör sig under en dag. Denna studie har fokuserat på hur användare upplever användningen av dessa armband och klockor och hur dessa verktyg påverkar deras motivation. Tillvägagångssättet för studien har varit en dagboksstudie kombinerat med kompletterande intervjuer. Genom denna metod har olika teman kunnat identifieras utifrån svaren som dagböckerna och intervjuerna har gett. Dessa teman är: aktivitetsspårning, funktionalitet, personlig utveckling, feedback och uppkoppling. Resultatet har visat att deltagarna i studien upplever i stort sett en motivation av att använda armbanden och klockorna, på så sätt att de uppmuntras att ta fler steg när de ser svart på vitt hur många steg de hittills har tagit. Resultatet pekar även på ett större engagemang hos deltagarna att hålla en koll på deras motion och hälsa, vilket armbanden och klockorna möjliggör. / It has become popular today to track one’s activity in order to improve and simplify one’s everyday life and well being. By using different tools you can today give products and services access to your data for them to track your activity, be it your movement or your phone activity logs. By giving them access to such you can in turn get information for example about how much - or how little - you exercise during a day. This study has focused on how users experience wearables and smart watches and how these tools influence their motivation. Through a diary study and interviews we have identified five themes: activity tracking, functionality, personal development, feedback and connection. The result of this study has shown that most of the participants of the study experience motivation to use the wearables and watches, partly because they can clearly see how many steps they have taken and how many steps they have left to reach their goal. The result also shows a higher commitment among the participants to track their activity and their health, which the wearables and smart watches enable them to do.

Deep touch pressure is used to treat sensory processing difficulties by applying a firm touch to the body to stimulate the nervous system and soothe anxiety. I conducted a long-term exploration of deep touch pressure from a first-person perspective, using shape-changing pneumatic actuators, breathing and ECG sensors to investigate whether deep touch pressure can guide users to engage in semi-autonomous interactions with their breathing and encourage greater introspection and body awareness. Based on an initial collaborative material exploration, I designed the breathing garment- a wearable vest used to guide the wearer through deep breathing techniques. The breathing garment presents a new use case of deep touch pressure as a modality for hapticbreathing feedback, which showed potential in supporting interoceptive awareness and relaxation. It allowed me to engage in a dialogue with my body, serving as a constant reminder to turn inwards and attend to my somatic experience. By pushing my torso forward, the actuators were able to engage my entire body while responding to my breath, creating a sense of intimacy, of being safe and taken care of. This work addresses a gap in HCI research around deep touch pressure and biosensing technology concerning the subjective experience of their emotional and cognitive impact. The longterm, felt engagement with different breathing techniques opened up a rich design space around pressure-based actuation in the context of breathing. This rendered a number of experiential qualities and affordances of the shape-changing pneumatic actuators, such as: applying subtle, slowly changing pressure to draw attention to specific body parts, but also disrupting the habitual way of breathing with asynchronous and asymmetric actuation patterns; taking on a leading or following role in the interaction, at times both simultaneously; and acting as a comforting companion or as a communication channel between two people as well as between one person and their soma. / Djuptrycksterapi (Deep Touch Pressure, DTP) används för att behandla personer som har problem med att processa sensoriska upplevelser. Detta genom att applicera ett fast tryck på kroppen för att aktivera nervsystemet och lindra ångest. Jag genomförde en långtidsutforskning av DTP ur ett första-persons-perspektiv, med hjälp av formförändrande tryckluftsaktuatorer, andnings sensorer och EKG-elektroder. Dess syfte var att undersöka ifall DTP kan guida användare till att engageras i semiautonoma interaktioner med sin andning och främja en större introspektion och kroppsmedvetenhet. Baserat på ett initialt samarbete kring undersökning av olika material, designade jag “the breathing garment” - en bärbar väst som guidar användaren genom djupandningstekniker. Andningsvästen visar på en ny användning av DTP som en modalitet av haptisk andningsfeedback, och den möjliggör ett stödjande av interoceptisk medvetenhet och avslappning. Andningsvästen tillät mig att delta i en dialog med min egen kropp, och fungerade som en ständig påminnelse att vända mig inåt och uppmärksamma mina somatiska upplevelser. Genom att trycka min bröstkorg framåt kunde aktuatorerna engagera hela min kropp när de svarade mot min andning, vilket skapade en känsla av intimitet, trygghet och att vara omhändertagen. Detta examensarbete uppmärksammar ett område som tidigare varit outforskat inom HCI av djuptrycksterapi och biosensorteknik kring den subjektiva upplevelsen av dess emotionella och kognitiva påverkan. Det långvariga engagemanget med aktivt upplevande av olika andningstekniker öppnade upp en stor designrymd kring tryckbaserade aktuatorer i en kontext av andning. Det visar på ett flertal experimentella kvaliteter och affordances av de formförändrande tryckluftsaktuatorerna, såsom: att applicera ett gradvis ökande och markant tryck för att dra uppmärksamheten till specifika kroppsdelar, men också för att bryta det vanliga andningsmönstret genom asynkron och asymmetrisk mönsterpåverkan; att ta en ledande eller följande roll i interaktionen, ibland båda samtidigt; och att agera som en tröstande följeslagare, eller som en kommunikationskanal mellan två människor, likväl som mellan en person och hennes soma.

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Esta pesquisa busca contribuir para o desenvolvimento de relações entre corpo e tecnologia, ao compreender esse dialogo como um sistema alterador de percepção. Ao partir da experiência do corpo junto a dispositivos que permitem a transgressão do organismo natural, inicio com essa dissertação a formulação do conceito de \"acoplamento\", espécie de extensão que não invalida o corpo natural, mas que trabalham em conjunto para formar um novo corpo propositor de distintas perspectivas. Compreendo que \"acoplamento\" seja em consonância ao que chamo \"poética do risco\", onde encaro a berlinda não como um abismo, mas como um desconhecido que me permite sair da zona de conforto para alcançar a potência do sistema em que me encontro. Ao apresentar alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos nos últimos anos, pretendo tatear noções de corpo, tecnologia, presença, órtese e prótese que possam apontar caminhos para a formulação do que venho até então chamando de \"acoplamento\". Serão apontados os trabalhos: \"adaMachine Experimento #1 Máquina de Criar Presenças\", performance telemática que investiga possibilidades de presença, tecnologias e afetos através de formas de comunicação mediadas, ruidosas e suscetíveis as limitações dessa mediação; \"La Grand Pelea\" investiga sensores biofísicos buscando ultrapassar a fronteira da pele através da criação de wearables, com capacidade para potencializar as relações entre a tecnologia e o corpo que a veste, propondo interfaces assistivas e para performance; e \"Monomito\", objeto performático vestível, no qual as dimensões da tecnologia e do corpo ocupam o mesmo lugar de importância, trata da jornada humana modificada pelas relações que cria com o outro, ainda que em tempos distintos. Encerro esta dissertação com um relato sobre o Projeto Híbrida, que promoveu de forma técnica, teórica e sensível, conexões que nos mostram as potências do atuar coletivamente na contemporaneidade. O projeto revela implicações que extrapolaram os conceitos de arte e o laboratório acadêmico ao vivenciar a cultura do compartilhamento e da prototipagem para apresentar questões estéticas que emergiram de proposições sensíveis, oferecerendo ferramentas de empoderamento social. / This research aims to contribute to the development of relations between body and technology, as understanding this dialogue as perception changing system. From the physical experience of connection with devices that allow the transgression of the natural organism, I discuss, with this dissertation, what I\'ve been calling the \"coupling\" concept. A sort of body extension that does not invalidate the natural body, but instead works mutually to form a new body that proposes different perspectives. In my understanding, \"coupling\" is in consonance to what I call \"poetics of risk,\" in which I see the line before the void, the exit point; not as an abyss, but as an unknown space that allows me to get out of the comfort zone to achieve the power of the system in which I find myself in. By presenting some work done in recent years, I want to grope for notions of body, technology, presence, orthotics and prosthesis that indicate the principles for what I\'ve been calling so far as \"coupling\". The works that will be discussed are: \"adaMachine Experiment # 1 Presence Creator Machine\", a telematic performance that investigates the possibilities of presence, technologies and affections through mediated, noisy and limited communication; \"La Grand Pelea\" investigates biophysical sensors seeking to cross the border of the skin by creating wearables, able to enhance the relationship between technology and the body that wears it, proposing interfaces for assistive purposes and performative art experiments; and \"Monomyth\", wearable performative object, in which the dimensions of technology and body occupy the same place of importance, deals with the human journey that is modified by establishing peculiar relations provoked by the apparatus and the performer. I conclude this dissertation with a report about Hibrida Project, which promoted technical, theoretical and sensitive connections that show us the power of acting collectively in contemporary times. The implications of this project revealed that it went beyond the concepts of art and the academic laboratory, as its participants experienced the culture of sharing and prototyping, and were able to present aesthetic issues that emerge from these sensitive propositions, offering social empowerment tools.

Esta pesquisa busca contribuir para o desenvolvimento de relações entre corpo e tecnologia, ao compreender esse dialogo como um sistema alterador de percepção. Ao partir da experiência do corpo junto a dispositivos que permitem a transgressão do organismo natural, inicio com essa dissertação a formulação do conceito de \"acoplamento\", espécie de extensão que não invalida o corpo natural, mas que trabalham em conjunto para formar um novo corpo propositor de distintas perspectivas. Compreendo que \"acoplamento\" seja em consonância ao que chamo \"poética do risco\", onde encaro a berlinda não como um abismo, mas como um desconhecido que me permite sair da zona de conforto para alcançar a potência do sistema em que me encontro. Ao apresentar alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos nos últimos anos, pretendo tatear noções de corpo, tecnologia, presença, órtese e prótese que possam apontar caminhos para a formulação do que venho até então chamando de \"acoplamento\". Serão apontados os trabalhos: \"adaMachine Experimento #1 Máquina de Criar Presenças\", performance telemática que investiga possibilidades de presença, tecnologias e afetos através de formas de comunicação mediadas, ruidosas e suscetíveis as limitações dessa mediação; \"La Grand Pelea\" investiga sensores biofísicos buscando ultrapassar a fronteira da pele através da criação de wearables, com capacidade para potencializar as relações entre a tecnologia e o corpo que a veste, propondo interfaces assistivas e para performance; e \"Monomito\", objeto performático vestível, no qual as dimensões da tecnologia e do corpo ocupam o mesmo lugar de importância, trata da jornada humana modificada pelas relações que cria com o outro, ainda que em tempos distintos. Encerro esta dissertação com um relato sobre o Projeto Híbrida, que promoveu de forma técnica, teórica e sensível, conexões que nos mostram as potências do atuar coletivamente na contemporaneidade. O projeto revela implicações que extrapolaram os conceitos de arte e o laboratório acadêmico ao vivenciar a cultura do compartilhamento e da prototipagem para apresentar questões estéticas que emergiram de proposições sensíveis, oferecerendo ferramentas de empoderamento social. / This research aims to contribute to the development of relations between body and technology, as understanding this dialogue as perception changing system. From the physical experience of connection with devices that allow the transgression of the natural organism, I discuss, with this dissertation, what I\'ve been calling the \"coupling\" concept. A sort of body extension that does not invalidate the natural body, but instead works mutually to form a new body that proposes different perspectives. In my understanding, \"coupling\" is in consonance to what I call \"poetics of risk,\" in which I see the line before the void, the exit point; not as an abyss, but as an unknown space that allows me to get out of the comfort zone to achieve the power of the system in which I find myself in. By presenting some work done in recent years, I want to grope for notions of body, technology, presence, orthotics and prosthesis that indicate the principles for what I\'ve been calling so far as \"coupling\". The works that will be discussed are: \"adaMachine Experiment # 1 Presence Creator Machine\", a telematic performance that investigates the possibilities of presence, technologies and affections through mediated, noisy and limited communication; \"La Grand Pelea\" investigates biophysical sensors seeking to cross the border of the skin by creating wearables, able to enhance the relationship between technology and the body that wears it, proposing interfaces for assistive purposes and performative art experiments; and \"Monomyth\", wearable performative object, in which the dimensions of technology and body occupy the same place of importance, deals with the human journey that is modified by establishing peculiar relations provoked by the apparatus and the performer. I conclude this dissertation with a report about Hibrida Project, which promoted technical, theoretical and sensitive connections that show us the power of acting collectively in contemporary times. The implications of this project revealed that it went beyond the concepts of art and the academic laboratory, as its participants experienced the culture of sharing and prototyping, and were able to present aesthetic issues that emerge from these sensitive propositions, offering social empowerment tools.

<p>Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to monitor muscle activity and predict fatigue in the workplaces. However, objectively measuring fatigue is challenging in complex work with unpredictable work cycles, where sEMG may be influenced by the dynamically changing posture demands. The sEMG is affected by various variables and substantial change in mean power frequencies (MPF), and a decline over 8-9% is primarily considered musculoskeletal fatigue. These MPF thresholds have been frequently used, and there were limited efforts to test their appropriateness in determining musculoskeletal fatigue in live workplaces (which predominantly consist of complex tasks). In addition, the techniques that consider both muscular and postural measurements that incorporate dynamic posture changes observed in complex work have not yet been explored. The overall objective of this work is to leverage both postural and muscular cues to identify musculoskeletal fatigue in complex tasks/jobs (i.e., tasks involving different levels of exertions, durations, and postures). The work was completed in two studies.</p> The first study aimed to (1) predict subjective fatigue using objective measurements in non-repetitive tasks, (2) determine whether the musculoskeletal fatigue thresholds in non-repetitive tasks differed from the previously reported threshold, and (3) utilize the empirically calculated thresholds to test their appropriateness in determining musculoskeletal fatigue in live surgical workplaces. The findings showed that the multi-modal measurements indicate better sensitivity than single-modality (sEMG) measurements in detecting decreases in MPF, a predictor of fatigue. In addition, the results showed that the thresholds in dynamic non-repetitive tasks, like surgery, are different than the previously reported 8% threshold. Additionally, implementing muscle-specific thresholds increased the likelihood of more accurately reporting subjective fatigue. The second study aimed to develop a multi-modal fatigue index to detect musculoskeletal fatigue. A controlled laboratory study was performed to simulate the non-repetitive physical demands at different postures. A series of experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of various metrics/models to identify subjective fatigue in complex tasks. Next, the composite fatigue index (CFI) function was developed using the time-synced integration of both muscular signals (measured with sEMG sensors) and postural signals (measured with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors). The variables from sEMG (amplitude, frequency, and the number of muscles showing signs of fatigue) and IMU (the prevalence of static and demanding postures and the number of shoulders in static/demanding posture) sensors were integrated to generate the CFI function. The prevalence of static/demanding postures was developed using the cumulative exposures to static/demanding postures based on the material fatigue failure theory. The single value fatigue index was obtained using the resultant CFI function, which incorporates both muscular and postural variables, to quantify the muscular fatigue in dynamic non-repetitive tasks. The findings suggested that the propagation of musculoskeletal fatigue can be detected using the multi-modal composite fatigue index in complex tasks. The resultant CFI function was then applied to surgery tasks to differentiate the fatigued and non-fatigued groups. The findings showed that the multi-modal fatigue assessment techniques could be utilized to incorporate the muscular and postural measurements to identify fatigue in complex tasks beyond single-modality assessment approaches.