Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A utilização de sistemas de informações geográficas via Web (Sigweb) tem crescido nos últimos anos pela facilidade na manipulação e visualização de informações de diferentes lugares através da Internet. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar testes de sistemas de informações geográficas na Internet com ênfase na técnica funcional para avaliar a funcionalidade, usabilidade, a navegabilidade dos programas conhecidos como Sigweb prontos para usar. Para tanto, foi necessária a identificação dos casos de uso dos programas propostos para o estudo. Como resultado se pode conferir o comportamento dos sistemas durante os testes, além de distinguir as características de cada SigWeb e as dificuldades encontradas. / The use of Geographic Information System by Web (SIGWeb) has grown in the last years by the facility in manipulation and visualization of informations of different places through of Internet. The purpose of this work is accomplish test methods with emphasis in the functional technique where is valuated the functionality, usability, navigability among other types of test programs that are known as Ready Sigweb to use. Therefore, it was necessary to identify cases of use of each proposed for the study. As a result it can check the behavior of systems during the tests, and distinguish the characteristics of each Sigweb and the difficulties.

Webbaserade karttjänster är ett mycket användbart verktyg som används av hela världen. En karta kan hjälpa till med navigering och geografisk datavisualisering. Att skapa en karttjänst går att göra på flertal olika sätt med flera olika verktyg som utnyttjar diverse tekniker. På grund av sin detaljerade utritning och sina animationer så klassas karttjänster som CPU-intensiva och bör därför vara ett bra användningsområde för hårdvaruaccelerering. När man interagerar med en karta så sker mycket utritningar och beräkningar som tros kunna dra nytta av möjligheten till hårdvaruaccelerering. Studien kommer att undersöka hur hårdvaruaccelerering påverkar laddningstid, utritningstid vid zoom och FPS vid interaktion och avgöra om det är värt att använda. Resultatet som erhölls påvisade negativ påverkan vid laddningstid och utritningstid men positiv påverkan på FPS vid interaktion i ett inzoomat läge men negativ påverkan på zoomnivån som är standard. En slutsats kan då dras att hårdvaruaccelerering inte är värt det i denna form av kartapplikation.

長久以來，台灣原住民族的土地及領域權利始終受到忽視和剝削，原住民族的傳統領域與其知識逐漸式微。為了重新爭取原住民族的土地權利及保存珍貴的傳統生態智慧，恢復傳統領域和傳統領域知識即為首要任務。 近一、二十年來，隨著國際上主張生物多樣性和多元文化的思維潮流，我國也開始提倡對原住民文化及其自然關係的尊重，從早期的部落地圖運動到傳統領域土地調查計畫，透過調查與部落地圖的繪製可將隱藏在生活中的歌唱、舞蹈、傳說故事…等傳統領域知識記錄、保存下來；而這些田野調查工作有許多不同的方式，如參與觀察、個案研究、深度訪談、工作坊…等，並常搭配不同的參與式製圖為其工具，如：心智圖、參與式立體模型（Participatory 3D Modelling, P3DM）、地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System, GIS）…等。 本研究參與觀察並分析比較各項參與式製圖法，將觀察到的成果結合文獻整理之設計準則，納入至原住民族傳統領域WebGIS地圖平台與其他網頁之設計規劃。建置一以原住民族傳統領域為主題，蒐集劃設傳統領域知識和範圍並傳遞資訊的參與式平台，達到參與式製圖之目的。並至平台啟用後使用網頁分析工具和使用者深度訪談，追蹤分析其後續之公眾參與成效，藉此改善平台功效並提出方案以促進公眾參與及使用率。

台灣因地理位置、氣候與地形等因素，孕育了豐富的森林資源。林務局廣設永久樣區以瞭解森林資源之分布與蓄積情形，永久樣區每隔五年進行全面性調查，調查所得資料繁多，惟永久樣區之植物資源調查資料僅記錄樣區之坐標位置與樣區內植物之分布情形，並未建立相關圖面資料，以至於無法與其他圖籍資料進行套疊分析。 本研究以MapServer、Zope等自由軟體與自行開發之軟體工具，處理圖形與相關屬性資料，以建構符合OGC（Open Geospatial Consortium）提出之網路地圖服務（Web Map Service，WMS）與網路圖徵服務（Web Feature Service，WFS）規格的WebGIS伺服端系統，並且整合各項森林資源表簿調查資料與圖籍資料，建構一包含森林永久樣區與樣木之空間與屬性資料的森林資源調查管理系統，以提供管理者經營管理與規劃之良好工具。 / There are plentiful forest resources in Taiwan because of the unique geographic location, climate and terrain. In order to acquire the information of distribution and storage of forest resources, the Forest Bureau sets up a lot of sample plots, and these sample plots will be fully surveyed every five years. Numerous data were collected, however only the coordinates of sample plots and the distribution of vegetation within those sample plots were recorded. It is not possible to perform map overlay analysis with the other map data because of lacking spatial data of sample plots. In this research, a WebGIS (web-based GIS) system was developed entirely from free software including MapServer, Zope, Apache and PostgreSQL/PostGIS. This WebGIS system is based on the OGC OpenGIS architecture (WMS and WFS), therefore it is easy to share geospatial data with the other GIS systems for various applications. Furthermore, a forest resources management system was established, which integrates the attribute data from field investigation and generates spatial data of sample plots and sample trees automatically.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22125号 / 工博第4655号 / 新制||工||1726(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 渦岡 良介, 教授 角 哲也, 准教授 佐山 敬洋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3740949 bytes, checksum: 4b4bb1e725e28d0a9a489835e70b4e60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Find emergency public services falls into one of the classic optimization problems where points are available for candidates who are chosen, among them, those that optimize the efficiency criteria established, to find a limited number of facilities. The set of candidate sites have great influence on the final solution generated by a model location . In the research, three strategies were used to elect local candidates to position the cars of police : decision of the Security Manager , p-median model and method of clustering k-means. With the support of Geographical Information Systems (GIS ) it was possible to georeference the occurrences of crimes , to visualize the distribution of selected local candidates and identify the presence of hotspots of crime. Aiming to solve the problem of allocating vehicles adopted two approaches : exact and heuristic . Therefore, two hybrid meta - heuristics were implemented - GRASP combined with VND and GRASP with exact model. They obtained same or very approximate solutions of the optimal solution . It was developed a system of spatial decision support based on the solution of the formulation of the problem of locating facilities with restricted coverage and backup coverage. It is a Web tool built with by WebGIS technology / Localizar serviços públicos emergenciais se enquadra em um dos problemas clássicos de otimização onde pontos candidatos são disponibilizados para que sejam escolhidos, dentre eles, aqueles que otimizem o critério de eficiência estabelecido, visando localizar um número limitado de facilidades. O conjunto de locais candidatos tem grande influência sobre a solução final gerada por um modelo de localização. Na pesquisa, foram definidas três estratégias para eleger os locais candidatos ao posicionamento de viaturas policiais: decisão do gestor de segurança, modelo de Pmedianas e método de clusterização k-means. Com apoio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) foi possível georreferenciar as ocorrências de crimes, visualizar a distribuição dos locais candidatos selecionados e identificar a presença de hotspots de crimes. Visando resolver o problema de alocação de viaturas adotou-se duas abordagens: exata e heurística. Para tanto, duas meta-heurísticas híbridas foram implementadas - GRASP combinado com VND e GRASP com modelo exato, as quais obtiveram soluções iguais ou muito aproximadas da solução ótima. Foi desenvolvido um sistema de apoio a decisão espacial baseado na solução da formulação do problema de localização de facilidades com restrições de cobertura e cobertura backup. Trata-se de uma ferramenta WEB construída com base os padrões usados pela tecnologia WebGIS

Software as a service (SaaS) is a primary working pattern and a significant application model for next generation Internet application. Web GIS services are the new generation of the Software as a service that can provide the hosted spatial data and GIS functionalities to the practical customized applications. This study focused on developing a webGIS based application, Soil Moisture-Based Irrigation Scheduling Tool (SMIST), for predicting soil moisture in the next seven days using the soil moisture diagnostic equation (SMDE) and the upcoming seven precipitation forecasts made by the National Weather Service (NWS), and ultimately producing an accurate irrigation schedule based on the predicted soil moisture. The SMIST is expected to be capable of improving the irrigation efficiency to protect groundwater resources in the Texas High Plains and reducing the cost of energy for pumping groundwater for irrigation, as an essential public concern in this area. The SMIST comprised an integration of web-based programs, a Hydrometeorological model, GIS, and geodatabase. It integrates two main web systems, the soil moisture estimating web application for irrigation scheduling based on the soil moisture diagnostic equation (SMDE), and an agricultural field delineation webGIS application to prepare input data and the model parameters. The SMIST takes advantage of the latest historical and forecasted precipitation data to predict soil moisture in the user-specified agricultural field(s). In this regard, the next seven days soil moisture versus the soil moisture threshold for normal growth would be presented in the result page of the SMIST to help users to adjust irrigation rate and sequence.

Nicht wenige peripher gelegene Dörfer sind geprägt durch eine wechselseitige Verstärkung von wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und demographischen Herausforderungen. Da viele dieser Herausforderungen nur unter Einbindung der Menschen vor Ort bewältigt werden können, erlangen starke Partner aus der Dorfgemeinschaft eine zunehmende Bedeutung. Mit dem Modell Dorfkümmerer förderten das Land Brandenburg aus Mitteln des Europäischen Sozialfonds (ESF) und des Landes Brandenburg sowie der Generali Zukunftsfonds diejenigen Akteure, die Veränderungsprozesse in ihren jeweiligen Heimatgemeinden initiieren wollten. Als so genannte Potenzialentwickler hatten die Dorfkümmerer die Aufgabe, sozial innovative und sozialunternehmerische Lösungsansätze voranzutreiben und das Leistungsvermögen der Dorfbewohner systematisch zu fördern.

[ES] La puesta en valor y disfrute del patrimonio arquitectónico a menudo son obstaculizados por limitaciones físicas del entorno, burocráticas, legales, etcétera. En esta "era figital" (phygital) la tecnología digital puede fácilmente complementar a la realidad física para solventar estas limitaciones y además mejorar las experiencias de acercamiento que el usuario valora como inolvidables. La accesibilidad, en sus diferentes acepciones, y el adjetivo "inteligente" (smart) son conceptos muy presentes en esta investigación porque en la era tecnológica en la cual nos encontramos la sociedad así lo demanda y así lo recogen todos los sectores económicos y culturales. Los rápidos avances tecnológicos y el abaratamiento de los dispositivos han fomentado en los últimos años un afán de investigación y creación de experiencias digitales sin precedentes, a veces sin un rumbo preciso, a veces con gran confusión en uso de términos, conceptos y resultados. Para ello, esta investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar una metodología que ayude a los gestores y conservadores del patrimonio arquitectónico temáticamente interconectado en la realización de unas rutas integradas, reales y virtuales, que pueda disfrutar un usuario no experto. El campo de experimentación de la metodología será la línea de Torres de Telegrafía Óptica de Madrid a Valencia. Se trata de un conjunto de treinta torres declaradas Bienes de Interés Cultural pertenecientes al siglo XIX que representan un hito físico en el territorio así como un hito tecnológico en la historia y arquitectura industrial y militar españolas. Se ha elegido este caso de estudio por ser una red sistémica, por la amplia casuística de estados de conservación y contextos que permiten diseñar una metodología lo suficientemente flexible y extrapolable a diferentes situaciones del patrimonio arquitectónico. A esto, cabe añadir, la experiencia profesional y de investigación que el investigador ha ido desarrollando en los últimos años en este tipo de patrimonio. De la revisión bibliográfica a la identificación de tendencias metodológicas, del esclarecimiento de conceptos a la elección de las tecnologías más adecuadas, se llega a definir estrategias y generar resultados teóricos y prácticos testados sobre el objeto de experimentación, con el fin de evaluar su viabilidad técnica y su calidad cultural. Un punto de partida para la experimentación e investigaciones futuras. / [CA] La posada en valor i fruïció del patrimoni arquitectònic sovint són obstaculitzats per limitacions físiques de l'entorn, burocràtiques, legals, etcètera. En aquesta "era figital" (phygital) la tecnologia digital pot fàcilment complementar a la realitat física per a solucionar aquestes limitacions i a més millorar les experiències d'acostament que l'usuari valora com a inoblidables. L'accessibilitat, en les seues diferents accepcions, i l'adjectiu "intel·ligent" (smart) són conceptes molt presents en esta investigació perquè en l'era tecnològica en la qual ens trobem la societat així ho demana i així ho arrepleguen tots els sectors econòmics i culturals. Els ràpids avanços tecnològics i l'abaratiment dels dispositius han fomentat en els últims anys un afany d'investigació i creació d'experiències digitals sense precedents, a vegades sense un rumb precís, a vegades amb gran confusió fent ús de termes, conceptes i resultats. Per a això, esta investigació té com a objectiu dissenyar una metodologia que ajude als gestors i conservadors del patrimoni arquitectònic temàticament interconnectat en la realització d'unes rutes integrades, reals i virtuals, que puga gaudir un usuari no expert. El camp d'experimentació de la metodologia serà la línia de Torres de Telegrafia Òptica de Madrid a València. Es tracta d'un conjunt de trenta torres declarades Béns d'Interés Cultural pertanyents al segle XIX que representen una fita física en el territori així com una fita tecnològica en la història i arquitectura industrial i militar espanyoles. S'ha triat aquest cas d'estudi per ser una xarxa sistèmica, per l'àmplia casuística d'estats de conservació i contextos que permeten dissenyar una metodologia prou flexible i extrapolable a diferents situacions del patrimoni arquitectònic. A això, cal afegir, l'experiència professional i d'investigació que l'investigador ha anat desenvolupant en els últims anys en aquesta mena de patrimoni. De la revisió bibliogràfica a la identificació de tendències metodològiques, de l'esclariment de conceptes a l'elecció de les tecnologies més adequades, s'arriba a definir estratègies i generar resultats teòrics i pràctics testats sobre l'objecte d'experimentació, amb la finalitat d'avaluar la seua viabilitat tècnica i la seua qualitat cultural. Un punt de partida per a l'experimentació i investigacions futures. / [EN] The enhancement and enjoyment of architectural heritage are often hindered by certain physical constraints of the environment, bureaucratic constraints, legal constraints, etc. In this "Phygital Era", digital technology can easily complement physical reality to overcome these limitations and improve the experiences of approach that the user values as unforgettable. Accessibility, in its different meanings, and the adjective "smart" are very present in this research because in the technological era in which we find ourselves, society demands it, a fact which is reflected in all economic and cultural sectors. Rapid technological advances and the cheapening of devices have fostered in recent years an unprecedented eagerness for research and the creation of digital experiences, sometimes without a precise direction, sometimes with great confusion in the use of terms, concepts and results. To this end, this research aims to design a methodology that helps managers and curators of thematically interconnected architectural heritage realise integrated, real and virtual routes that a non-expert user can enjoy. The field of methodology experimentation will be the line of Optical Telegraphy Towers from Madrid to Valencia. It is a set of thirty towers declared Assets of Cultural Interest belonging to the nineteenth century that represent a physical landmark in the territory and a technological milestone in Spain's history and industrial and military architecture. This case study has been chosen because it is a systemic network, because of the wide casuistry of conservation states and contexts that allow the design of a methodology that is sufficiently flexible and extrapolated to different situations of architectural heritage. It is worth mentioning the professional and research experience the researcher has developed in recent years into this type of heritage. From the literature review to the identification of methodological trends, from the clarification of concepts to the choice of the most appropriate technologies, strategies are defined and theoretical and practical results are generated on the object of experimentation to evaluate its technical feasibility and cultural quality. A starting point for future experimentation and research. / De Dato, P. (2024). Conservación y puesta en valor del patrimonio en la era Phygital: Metodología para rutas reales y virtuales mediante RA-RV [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/204144

台灣擁有豐富而多樣的自然生態資源，而物種調查將有助於維護物種之多樣性與生態平衡。然而，台灣生物多樣性高且分布廣闊，調查工作往往需耗費龐大的人力、物力、經費與時間成本。故本研究採用自願性地理資訊 (volunteered geographic information, VGI) 的方式，鼓勵社區民眾參與社區之物種調查工作。藉由社區民眾對社區當地的瞭解與使命感，有效且快速地蒐集物種調查資料。望社區民眾可經由親身參與物種調查之工作，更加瞭解及關注社區生態環境之現況，體認生態保育及生物多樣性的重要性，提升環境保育意識。 而近年來隨著行動科技的快速發展，智慧型手機與平板電腦等行動裝置日益普及。為使物種調查之工作更加快速且便利，本研究利用多數智慧型行動裝置所擁有的即時定位、無線網路及照相等功能，建置社區物種調查系統App。該App可作為物種調查之工具，並提供適時適地之物種資訊查詢服務。此外，本研究亦透過物種空間資料庫與網際網路地理資訊系統 (WebGIS) 平台之建置，提供社區物種資料分享、管理與分析等服務。 / Taiwan is abundant in ecological resources, and species investigation will contribute to preserve species diversity and ecological balance. However, due to high biodiversity and wide distribution of species in Taiwan, the traditional investigation works cost a lot of money, time, human and material resources. Therefore, this study uses the concept of volunteered geographic information (VGI) to encourage the public to collect field data and to participate in species investigation for local communities. With local knowledge and enthusiasm about the community, residents are capable of collecting species data more effectively and efficiently. On the other hand, through volunteered participation in species investigation, residents will have better understanding about the current status of ecological environment in the community. Thereby the residents can realize the importance of ecological conservation and biodiversity, and promote their awareness of environmental conservation. With the rapid development of mobile technology in recent years, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers are gaining popularity. In order to make the investigation of species for communities more quickly and conveniently, this study makes use of the functions of most smart mobile devices such as real-time positioning, wireless networking, and digital camera to build a mobile App system for community-based species investigation. The mobile App system can serve as a tool for species investigation, and it also provides with location-based inquiry services timely and efficiently. In addition, Geographic Information System (GIS) is applied to manage the geodatabase, and a WebGIS platform is built to facilitate data sharing and analysis.