No description available.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-31T11:46:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Françoli Yago.pdf: 4532120 bytes, checksum: bbf6172e1fcaff3d65e6b07ea244f616 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-31T11:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Françoli Yago.pdf: 4532120 bytes, checksum: bbf6172e1fcaff3d65e6b07ea244f616 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This dissertation aims to make a genealogy of the process of conversion of prodigious and wonderful figures of the past in monstrous and aberrative figures in the West. In order to do so, we accomplished three stages of our itinerary: the paradigm of the Greco-Roman and medieval world of wonders, the birth of the grotesque aesthetic in the light of the modern civilizational process and the disciplinary era of the bodies, moment of therapy and hospitalization of the so-called monsters. In a second moment of our research, we aimed to comprehend the look that women literature concedes to these prodigies in an attempt to synthesize their uses in a critical relation to the patriarchy. The process of disenchantment of the stranger as a facet of this genealogy intersects with aspects of the advent of modern patriarchy, especially in what it refers to the ways of treating its alteritary figures. Recently, such intersection made monsters, freaks, prodigies and marvels described in the women's literature occupy more potent and positive places, often metaphorical, to expose and re-signify various aspects of the female condition. We focused on Angela Carter and, more specifically, her oeuvre from 1984, Nights on the Circus, because her characters demonstrate dynamics of an inverse process to the abjection of the stranger: instead of being disenchanted, they were figures that re-enchanted the world by means of a reappropriation of its prodigiousness / Esta dissertação objetivou fazer uma genealogia do processo de conversão das figuras prodigiosas e maravilhosas do passado em figuras monstruosas e aberrativas no Ocidente. Para tanto, cumpriu três etapas em seu itinerário: o paradigma do mundo de maravilhas greco-romano e medieval, o nascimento da estética do grotesco à luz do processo civilizatório moderno e a era disciplinar dos corpos, momento auge da teratologia e da hospitalização dos chamados monstros. Em um segundo momento de nossa pesquisa, também objetivamos compreender o olhar da literatura de mulheres para essas figuras prodigiosas em uma tentativa de sintetizar seus usos em relação a uma crítica do ideário patriarcal. O processo de desencantamento do estranho como faceta desta genealogia intersecciona com aspectos de surgimento do patriarcado moderno, em especial no que se refere a uma forma de tratamento de suas figuras alteritárias. Tal cruzamento fez com que mais recentemente monstros, freaks, prodígios e maravilhas descritos na literatura de mulheres ocupassem funções potentes e positivas, e frequentemente metafóricas, para a exposição e ressignificação de diversos aspectos da condição feminina. Por fim, nos focamos na autora Angela Carter e, mais especificamente, em sua obra Noites no Circo, de 1984, por compreendermos que suas personagens demonstram dinâmicas de um processo inverso à pejoração do estranho: ao invés de desencantadas, são figuras que reencantam o mundo por meio de uma reapropriação de sua prodigiosidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper has two integrated objectives: the first one concerns the presentation and dissemination of the academic work of Alina Paim, particularly her first novel The Freedom Road (1944), and the second one refers to analysis of the imagery of female education through the Bildungsroman theory in the work of the writer in question. The work is addressed in two dimensions: the formation of the image of woman / teacher and its social context, which brings us to the theme of struggle of gender and proletarian class exposed by Paim in her work. This analysis, that goes from the history of female education to the construction of the ideals of the teacher in society, seeks to draw a perspective of how women have achieved their independence in social and personal contexts, moving from private to public areas, without losing the essence. A second dimension of the study is the analysis of traces of female education and transformation (the Bildung), through education, within the literary work. In the novel The Freedom Road, the trajectory of Marina is a fine example of how education and female instruction, even with the strong social stereotypes present at the time, change the position of women to others and to herself. In order to accomplish these goals, The material used was the theoretical support from the studies of history and women's education by Mary Del Priore, Guaraci Lopes Louro, Jane Adams, Elodia Xavier, among others, regarding the history of the process of educational and professional formation of women in Brazil; Cristina Ferreira Pinto, Wilma Patricia Maas, Eduardo Assis Duarte, among others, regarding the Bildungsroman theory, or novel of formation and learning, which fits our work perfectly. This research aims to lead to a reflection that focuses on women's position in society which was already discussed by Paim in the 40's, being inserted into the literary tradition, and giving proof to the changing role of education and the novel female formation. / O presente trabalho possui dois objetivos integrados: o primeiro diz respeito à apresentação e divulgação no meio acadêmico da obra de Alina Paim, em especial seu primeiro romance Estrada da Liberdade (1944); e o segundo, refere-se à análise do imaginário da educação feminina, através da teoria do Bildungsroman, na obra da escritora sergipana em questão. A obra é abordada em duas dimensões: a formação da imagem da mulher/professora e sua atuação social, que nos remete a temática proletária e de luta de classe e gênero exposta por Paim em sua obra. Essa análise, que parte da história da educação feminina até a construção do ideário da professora na sociedade, busca traçar uma perspectiva de como a mulher conquistou sua autonomia no âmbito social e pessoal, passando do espaço privado ao público, sem perder sua essência. Uma segunda dimensão do estudo é a análise dos traços de formação e transformação feminina (o Bildung), através da educação, dentro da obra literária. No romance Estrada da Liberdade, a trajetória de Marina é o exemplo de como a educação e a instrução feminina, mesmo com os fortes estereótipos sociais, mudam a posição da mulher perante os outros e diante de si mesma. Para que esses objetivos fossem alcançados, foram utilizados como suporte teórico os estudos de História e Educação feminina de Mary Del Priore, Guaracira Lopes Louro, Jane Almeida, Elódia Xavier, entre outros, no tocante à história do processo educacional e profissional femininos no Brasil; Cristina Ferreira Pinto, Wilma Patrícia Maas, Eduardo Assis Duarte, entre outros, no que diz respeito ao Bildungsroman, ou seja, romance de formação e aprendizagem, que se enquadra perfeitamente em nosso trabalho. Essa investigação pretende conduzir à reflexão que focalize a posição da mulher na sociedade, que já era discutido por Paim na década de 40, o que a insere na tradição literária, além de provar o papel transformador da educação e do romance de formação feminino.

Dans le contexte des indépendances des anciennes colonies françaises, la verve poétique d’auteurs « engagés » tels qu’Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor ou Léon-Gontran Damas est indissociable de la dénonciation de la colonisation et du combat politique pour l’émancipation. Les intellectuels, les hommes de Lettres, de culture, les artistes condamnent fermement les impérialismes européens. Pour les tenants de la « Négritude », la poésie relaie le témoignage le plus évident de l’engagement politique et littéraire. Cette écriture poétique, construite à la fois sur des pratiques liées l’oralité héritées de l’Afrique et sur des formes prosodiques relativement classiques, fonde le lieu où l’on peut faire passer des messages politiques, tout en revendiquant une culture africaine. Introduire par la suite l’écriture romanesque en Afrique subsaharienne et y reprendre les thèmes de l’esclavage, de la colonisation, de l’aliénation du colonisé, du néocolonialisme deviennent des opérations en vue de processus constructeurs ; il s’agit d’ouvrir une vision nouvelle du monde, en imprimant à la langue française la trace créative de son auteur en ses représentations. On assiste donc à une revendication des nationalisations des littératures francophones. Ainsi de la littérature camerounaise ou de la littérature congolaise — par exemple, Ahmadou Kourouma dit contribuer à une littérature malinké. Tchicaya U. Tam’si affirme que si le français le colonise, il le colonise à son tour, car, paradoxalement, la révolte du colonisé s’appuie sur la langue française du colonisateur, tout en s’efforçant de déplacer celle-ci par l’écriture. La littérature d’expression française en Afrique subsaharienne est le lieu des différences, et des « différances » car elle porte la trace des multiples trajectoires sociologiques, et devient par sa diversité un lieu de créativité, de liberté et d’hybridité. Nous voyons aussi apparaître le roman de contestation politique contre les dictatures, la corruption, les guerres civiles, à l’exemple d’Ahmadou Kourouma écrivant Allah n’est pas obligé sans plus se préoccuper du canon de la langue, mais en pratiquant une « langue pourrie » pour décrire une guerre atroce. C’est une créativité semblable à celle qui est à l’origine du créole, du français petit-nègre, du camfranglais, et que la littérature d’Afrique subsaharienne explore. C’est dans cette perspective ouverte par les pratiques subversives de l’écriture et de la lecture que s’inscrit l’émancipation des femmes en Afrique. Calixthe Beyala est en ce sens emblématique de l’évolution du statut des femmes et de leur place dans la société, dépassant le clivage sexuel masculin/féminin. Ce processus prend sa source dans le mouvement d’ensemble des indépendances et du post-colonialisme. Ainsi les femmes se sont-elles illustrées par leur écriture, véritable prise de parole dans un espace public traditionnellement réservé aux hommes. Le roman des femmes écrivains en Afrique subsaharienne s’attache à décrire les pratiques traditionnelles, la polygamie, les mariages forcés. Ayant acquis une autonomie de parole, ces écrivains se donnent le pouvoir d’intervenir dans le débat public. Cette forme d’émancipation conquiert un langage traditionnellement réservé aux hommes. La langue violente, argotique, obscène ou pornographique n’est plus un monopole masculin. Elle est investie autrement par les écrivains femmes qui peuvent dès lors se dire elles-mêmes. / In the context of the independences of former French colonies, the poetic impetus of militant authors such as Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor or Léon-Gontran Damas is adamantly linked to the rebuttal of colonialism and to political activism. Intellectuals, writers, and artists strongly condemn European imperialisms. For the “Négritude” poets, poetry stands as the most obvious testimony of political and literary commitment. Their poetic works, relying both on oral practices inherited from Africa and on relatively classic prosodic styles, is the vehicle for political messages and reclaiming of African culture. Subsequently, novel writing in sub-Saharian Africa tackles more and more themes of slavery, colonization, colonial alienation, neo-colonialism, all of this becoming empowering processes. The question is to open on a renewed vision of the world, giving the French language a new creative trace, through the authors’ representation. Therefore, Francophone literature reclaims its singularity. This is especially true with Cameroon and Congo: for instance, Ahmadou Kourouma posits that his literature is malinké. Tchicaya U. Tam’si declares that if the French language is colonizing him, then he colonizes it in turn. The colonized rebellion paradoxically leans on the French colonizer language, while trying to displace and advance it through writing. Francophone literature in sub-Saharian Africa is the place of differences and of “différances”, for it bears the traces of many sociological reflexions, and becomes, through its diversity, a place for creativity, liberty and hybridity. We also witness the rise of political protest novel against dictatures, corruption, civil wars ; for example Ahmadou Kourouma, writing Allah n’est pas obligé, does not bother anymore with the rules of literature but excels in the practice of a “rotten language” to describe an atrocious war. This is a form of creativity similar to the one that give birth to creole, “français petit-nègre”, “camfranglais” and one that African sub-Saharian literature explore. It is in this perspective opened by subversive writing and reading practices that women emancipation in Africa takes place. The case of Calixthe Beyala, among others, illustrates this evolution of the status of women in society, beyond the sexual male/female divide. This process stems from post-colonialism and independentist movements gaining power and focus in the XXth century. Women distinguish themselves thanks to their writing and speech in a public sphere reserved to men. Novels written by sub-Saharian African women carefully describe traditional practices, polygamy, forced marriages. These writers, through their acquired freedom speech, have gained the power to participate in the public debate. This form of emancipation takes hold of a language and an art formerly reserved to men because of traditions. Violence, slang words, obscene or pornographic language are no longer part of a male monopoly on poetic language. This poetic creation is vested differently by women writers, who are therefore able to express themselves.

Throughout history, women have played an important role in literature. Nevertheless, since Sappho's poetry until now, feminine voices have had to struggle for recognition of their works. Before the nineteenth century, women were almost ignored in Spanish literature. Society kept them as "ángeles de la familia," taking care of their homes, husbands, and children. Some of them, such as María de Zayas y Sotomayor in Spain and Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz in Mexico, complained about their situation in their writings. However, they expressed their fight not as a generation but as individuals. In the nineteenth century, the ideas and ideals of Romanticism, were brought to Latin America from Europe. Cuba was among those countries where the new movement took roots. Initiated by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, a group of women began to participate in literary reunions, and to found newspapers and magazines where works authored by women, dedicated to feminist ideas, were published. They indeed through literature started to live out womanhood in order to intellectually leave the ideological prisons where society had been keeping them. This study scans the literary works of all Romantic women writers in Cuba. It specifically analyzes poetry and short stories, and investigates how these authors expressed themselves in their works against the patriarchal society, where they lived and wrote their books. An eclectic critical method has been used. Findings were very revealing. Only three of the fourteen writers studied in my dissertation had been previously mentioned by major critics. Most of them had been ignored. However, the greatest discovery was that they prompted something new: For the first time they projected themselves as a group, as a collective consciousness, and this fact established a difference with former women writers in Cuban literature before Romanticism. In other words, they produced a "Renaissance" in Cuba's literature. In spite of how they lived between 1820 and 1900, their struggles for women's rights have linked them to our current times.

MAAS / M. E. R. Mathivha Centre for Languages, Arts and Culture

L’hypothèse qui soutient cette thèse est que les écritures au féminin, au Québec, des années soixante-dix à quatre-vingt-dix, livrent une expérience singulière du temps. Les œuvres étudiées présentent une réflexion sur les possibilités de la littérature à mettre en œuvre une transformation, voire une liquidation du temps patriarcal. Cette thèse montre comment les écritures au féminin, tout en voulant instaurer un changement de paradigme dans le temps, héritent tout de même de paramètres, de formes, d’histoires dont elles désirent se détacher. C’est à cette mise en tension entre rupture et récupération que je m’intéresse en étudiant différentes thématiques et pratiques formelles dans un corpus composé de textes publiés en revues, de livres et de films. Le premier chapitre analyse des textes philosophiques et littéraires qui questionnent le genre sexuel et ses relations au politique, et montre comment les écritures au féminin sont indissociables d’un discours sur la littérature elle-même. Dans le deuxième chapitre, à partir des œuvres de Nicole Brossard et de Louky Bersianik, je vois comment la mémoire est posée comme le lieu de renouvellement des connaissances. Le troisième chapitre se consacre au motif de la cassure face au temps patriarcal dans Cyprine (1978) de Denise Boucher et dans Dieu, de Carole Massé (1979). La construction d’une histoire littéraire au féminin dans la revue littéraire La Barre du jour/La Nouvelle Barre du jour (1965 1990) est le sujet du quatrième chapitre. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre s’intéresse aux manières de construire une temporalité au féminin dans des textes rédigés à plusieurs mains : Retailles, (1977) de Madeleine Gagnon et Denise Boucher et La théorie, un dimanche (1988), de Louky Bersianik, Nicole Brossard, Louise Cotnoir, Louise Dupré, Gail Scott et France Théoret. Insufflant du féminin dans le récit androcentré de l’histoire, les œuvres du corpus travaillent une pratique littéraire consciente d’elle-même et de ses procédés, valorisant l’exploration formelle comme pratique politique. / This thesis posits that the movement called writing in the feminine in Quebec, active from the seventies to the nineties, reflects a singular experience of time. I study works that examine on how literature articulate, if not implement, a transformation or even potential evacuation of patriarchal time. In establishing a paradigm shift in time, this thesis shows, nevertheless, how writing in the feminine inherits parameters, that is to say, particular histories and forms from which the authors wish to detach. Thus, as I examine different themes and formal practices in texts published in journals, books and in films, I am invested in this tension between rupture and recuperation. The first chapter focuses on philosophical and literary texts that interrogate the relationship between gender and politics. It shows how writing in the feminine is inextricably linked to a discourse on literature itself and the realities it engenders. The second chapter studies the works of Nicole Brossard and Louky Bersianik, in which I analyze memory as a place for the renewal of knowledge. The third chapter is devoted to Denise Boucher's Cyprine (1978) and Carole Massé's Dieu (1979), more precisely, to the motif of the rupture of the face to patriarchal time. The construction of a literary history for women in the literary journal La Barre du jour/La Nouvelle barre du jour (1965-1990) is the subject of the fourth chapter. Finally, the fifth chapter looks at ways of constructing a feminine temporality in texts signed by several authors: Retailles (1977), by Madeleine Gagnon and Denise Boucher and La théorie, un dimanche (1988), by Louky Bersianik, Nicole Brossard, Louise Cotnoir, Louise Dupré, Gail Scott and France Théoret. Instilling the feminine into the androcentric narrative of history, this thesis showcases a literary practice that is conscious of itself and its processes, ultimately valuing formal exploration as a political practice.

No description available.

This thesis deals with the course of literary career and with the forms of work of Lenka Procházková, an author, whose literary career started in the turn of late seventies and early eighties in the unofficial literature. As a signee of Charta 77 and a daughter of Jan Procházka - highly acclaimed, yet unpopular for the regime after 1968 - she became a banned author, whose work could not be published within an official structure of Czech literature in the seventies and eighties. Her literary career continues until these days. In the Introduction part the reasons why our interest is aimed at Lenka Procházková in the first place are being described. The basis goals of our work are also stipulated within the Introduction section. In section Fundaments of Research hypotheses for the approach to the following analyses are introduced. In Sources of Information part all used sources are being introduced - already published literary works as well as sources unpublished or materials which have not been compiled yet (archive materials, letters, reminiscences of observers, family and friend eyewitnesses etc.) In the chapter called Life Circumstances accompanying and determining the literary career of Lenka Procházková we present a comprehensive and detailed biography of the author which cannot be found...