O trabalho tem por objeto a construção de categorias jurídicas no âmbito da violência contra a mulher, especificamente quanto às concepções de violência sexual. Para tanto, está referenciado nas práticas policiais, nos registros daí decorrentes e em um processo de estupro – etapa posterior no sistema de justiça. A análise tem por universo empírico a cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, e se realizou, basicamente, na Delegacia da Mulher, no período entre 2004 a 2006, sendo os registros de ocorrência do ano de 2003 e o processo jurídico de 1998/99. O principal enfoque é para a dinâmica de definição dos tipos penais e para as concepções sobre as vítimas e acusados legítimos. Dentro disso, o processo de estupro aborda a dimensão da desigualdade racial no sistema de justiça criminal. / This study concerns the construction of juridical categories in the sphere of violence against women, specifically concerning sexual violence. It is based on the observation of police practices, the investigation of written registers established by these same agents, and – in a later phase of the judicial process –the analysis an archive concerning rape. This study takes as its empirical universe the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), centering on the Special Delegacy for Women. The fieldwork took place between 2004 and 2006; police bulletins covered the year 2003, and the juridical dossier was composed during the years 1998 and 1999. Our study´s major purpose is to examine the dynamics defining penal types as well as the conceptions concerning legitimate victims and accused parties. The rape dossier introduces the discussion of racial inequality into our analysis of the system of criminal justice.

O trabalho tem por objeto a construção de categorias jurídicas no âmbito da violência contra a mulher, especificamente quanto às concepções de violência sexual. Para tanto, está referenciado nas práticas policiais, nos registros daí decorrentes e em um processo de estupro – etapa posterior no sistema de justiça. A análise tem por universo empírico a cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, e se realizou, basicamente, na Delegacia da Mulher, no período entre 2004 a 2006, sendo os registros de ocorrência do ano de 2003 e o processo jurídico de 1998/99. O principal enfoque é para a dinâmica de definição dos tipos penais e para as concepções sobre as vítimas e acusados legítimos. Dentro disso, o processo de estupro aborda a dimensão da desigualdade racial no sistema de justiça criminal. / This study concerns the construction of juridical categories in the sphere of violence against women, specifically concerning sexual violence. It is based on the observation of police practices, the investigation of written registers established by these same agents, and – in a later phase of the judicial process –the analysis an archive concerning rape. This study takes as its empirical universe the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), centering on the Special Delegacy for Women. The fieldwork took place between 2004 and 2006; police bulletins covered the year 2003, and the juridical dossier was composed during the years 1998 and 1999. Our study´s major purpose is to examine the dynamics defining penal types as well as the conceptions concerning legitimate victims and accused parties. The rape dossier introduces the discussion of racial inequality into our analysis of the system of criminal justice.

O trabalho tem por objeto a construção de categorias jurídicas no âmbito da violência contra a mulher, especificamente quanto às concepções de violência sexual. Para tanto, está referenciado nas práticas policiais, nos registros daí decorrentes e em um processo de estupro – etapa posterior no sistema de justiça. A análise tem por universo empírico a cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, e se realizou, basicamente, na Delegacia da Mulher, no período entre 2004 a 2006, sendo os registros de ocorrência do ano de 2003 e o processo jurídico de 1998/99. O principal enfoque é para a dinâmica de definição dos tipos penais e para as concepções sobre as vítimas e acusados legítimos. Dentro disso, o processo de estupro aborda a dimensão da desigualdade racial no sistema de justiça criminal. / This study concerns the construction of juridical categories in the sphere of violence against women, specifically concerning sexual violence. It is based on the observation of police practices, the investigation of written registers established by these same agents, and – in a later phase of the judicial process –the analysis an archive concerning rape. This study takes as its empirical universe the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), centering on the Special Delegacy for Women. The fieldwork took place between 2004 and 2006; police bulletins covered the year 2003, and the juridical dossier was composed during the years 1998 and 1999. Our study´s major purpose is to examine the dynamics defining penal types as well as the conceptions concerning legitimate victims and accused parties. The rape dossier introduces the discussion of racial inequality into our analysis of the system of criminal justice.

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This research focuses on the role that International Human Rights Law, policy and legislation should play in the protection of the rights of internally displaced children against child marriage. This thesis examines international treaties and domestic laws that purport to prohibit the practice of child marriage with particular attention to laws relating to the protection of internally displaced children (IDPs). / Mini Dissertation (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law of the University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Lana Baydas at the Department of Law, American University in Cairo, Egypt. 29 October 2007 / www.chr.up.ac.za / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cecilia.pdf: 870811 bytes, checksum: 38d7f8256f08e6b82e91cf333a08ed36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-12 / The objectives of this dissertation are to present the legal development of women s rights and discuss its effectiveness within the Family Law. The juridical effectiveness becomes the core of this study, after describing the period in which there were women claims and the women s rights assertion, both in the international and national/regional levels. It must be emphasized that women s participation in society is indispensable for the social development, for human rights accomplishment and for the establishment of the democracy. Therefore, this theme has been chosen after reflecting about the Women s legal situation in Brazil, where, so far, women have occupied a secondary role, both in the public and private spaces. Is there efficacy of women s rights in the Brazilian society? Is the growing effectiveness of the female rights barely an apparent process or is it real? How can equality be provided in an uneven society without passing from discriminated to biased subject? These questions constitute the object of the present inquiry. The analysis of the jurisprudence, especially of the twenty sentences collected in the Revista dos Tribunais (Magazine of the Courts), from 1989 until 2006, is guided by the principle of the equality. Its content is based on three principles: the equality, proposed by Celso Antonio Bandeira de Mello; the inequality compensation, according to Gomes Canotilho, and the battle against the discriminations that generate inequalities, in accordance with Boaventura de Souza Santos. The criteria for the comprehension of the principle here presented are: the constitutional examples, the concepts predicted in International Treated of Human Rights and the interpretation and application of the Law proposed by Eros Roberto Grau, which is presented in the conclusions. The method used in this dissertation is the analytic inductive one. Through these instruments, it can be concluded that the legal effectiveness of the women s rights, in the Right of Family, is a real process and it is being expanded in the Brazilian Courts, although, as a rule, they do not mention as their foundations the constitutional principles nor the treatises of human rights. As minority tendency implicit and in decline it can be noticed the maintenance of the social functions attributed to the men and to the women in the family, in other words, the stereotypes of father supplier and affectionate mother are still present in the decisions, although in a smaller scale. The legal effectiveness of the women s rights does not impair men, on the contrary, the equality diminishes the family burden for the male sex and represents a social advancement without precedents, because it recognizes the dignity of the human being as a person and enables a greater social improvement. Therefore, nowadays, the claims and conquests of the women s rights are transformed in a continuous challenge for the legal effectiveness, which is related to human rights and development / Os objetivos desta dissertação consistem em apresentar o desenvolvimento jurídico dos direitos da mulher e discutir sua efetividade no direito de família. Após descrever o período de reivindicações e a afirmação dos direitos femininos nos planos internacional, regional e nacional, a análise da efetividade jurídica torna-se o cerne deste estudo. O tema foi escolhido após reflexão sobre a situação jurídica da mulher no Brasil. Nos espaços público e privado a mulher ocupou como ainda hoje em muitos momentos posição relegada a segundo plano. Ressalte-se que a participação feminina na sociedade é imprescindível para o desenvolvimento social, para a efetivação dos direitos humanos e da democracia. Existe eficácia dos direitos da mulher na sociedade brasileira? A crescente efetividade dos direitos femininos é um processo real ou apenas aparente? Como proporcionar a igualdade numa sociedade desigual sem passar de sujeito discriminado a discriminador? Essas questões constituem o objeto da presente investigação. A análise da jurisprudência, especialmente dos vinte acórdãos coletados na Revista dos Tribunais, de 1989 até 2006, é guiada pelo princípio da igualdade. Seu conteúdo é recortado em três vertentes: a isonomia, proposta por Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello; a compensação de desigualdades, segundo Gomes Canotilho, e o combate às discriminações que geram desigualdades, conforme Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Ressaltem-se como critérios para a compreensão do presente princípio: os exemplos constitucionais, os conceitos previstos nos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos e a interpretação e aplicação do direito proposta por Eros Roberto Grau e apresentada nas conclusões. O método utilizado nesta dissertação é o analítico indutivo. Com base nesses instrumentos, conclui- se que a efetividade jurídica dos direitos da mulher, no direito de família, é um processo real e em expansão nos Tribunais brasileiros, embora estes não mencionem, em regra, como fundamento os princípios constitucionais e os tratados de direitos humanos. Como tendência minoritária implícita e em declínio , constata-se a manutenção das funções sociais atribuídas aos homens e às mulheres na família, ou seja, permanecem presentes os estereótipos de pai provedor e mãe afetiva nas decisões, embora em menor escala. A efetividade jurídica dos direitos da mulher não prejudica os homens; ao contrário, a igualdade diminui os ônus familiares para o sexo masculino e representa um avanço social sem precedentes, por reconhecer a dignidade da pessoa humana e possibilitar maior crescimento social. Portanto, as reivindicações e conquistas dos direitos da mulher transformam-se, nos dias atuais, no contínuo desafio da efetividade jurídica, que se relaciona com os direitos humanos e o desenvolvimento

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Goncalves.pdf: 8456004 bytes, checksum: 1226d667e42dd2e7822a64bac9de46ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The study examines the written material made public by Ernestina Lesina, an Italian socialist immigrant whose political action consisted chiefly in the defence of the working women s cause through an indefatigable participation in the debate of ideas supported by Anima e Vita, the weekly newspaper she published. The examination brings to life the tensions all too real in which the town of São Paulo was awash with early in the 20th century a time of fast urbanization and structuring of the industrial system and closely follows the spreading of political ideas and the outset of clashes between unions and employers. After depicting a general view of feminine, feminist and working class woman press, the study concentrated on the analysis of Anima e Vita and attested to the consistency of subjects covered and themes chosen, such as women s awareness of their role in society, anticlericalism, free love, marriage, education, work, and maternity/family. Ernestina Lesina s articles draw a clear profile of the socialist ideology to the indoctrination of which she devoted her efforts, emphasizing women s self-esteem and awareness, along with the vital importance of the fight to conquer their rights / A dissertação analisa os escritos propagados por Ernestina Lesina, imigrante socialista italiana, cuja atuação política consistiu precipuamente em defender a causa das mulheres operárias mediante a participação no debate de ideias, estimulado pelo Anima e Vita, jornal que dirigia. A investigação restaura o universo de tensões vivido na cidade de São Paulo no início do século XX, momento de urbanização intensa e estruturação do sistema fabril, acompanhado pela disseminação das ideias políticas e a gênese das lutas operárias. Recompondo o cenário da imprensa feminina, feminista e operária, privilegiou-se a análise do semanário Anima e Vita, observando a circularidade de seus discursos e a valorização de temas como compreensão das mulheres de seu papel histórico, anticlericalismo, amor livre, casamento, educação, trabalho e maternidade/família. Os artigos de Ernestina Lesina delineiam um perfil do ideário socialista a cuja propagação ela se dedicou, enfatizando a conscientização das mulheres e a importância fundamental de lutarem pelos seus direitos

In 2017, the Me Too campaign, founded ten years earlier to help women of color from low-income communities who were survivors of sexual violence, became a viral social media movement following allegations on Twitter by actress Alyssa Milano of sexual harassment and violence against the powerful Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein. Using the hashtag #MeToo, Milano unwittingly mobilized millions of women to share their stories via social media, and the #Metoo movement subsequently helped to illuminate both the structural and individual aspects of sexual harassment and abuse by men against women within virtually all aspects of society. As the #MeToo movement swept the globe, millions of women shared stories of sexual harassment and abuse through social media platforms, and indictments of the “inappropriate behavior” against women gained center stage. To understand this movement today and how media made it possible, this study analyses the discussion about online media and social movements surrounding the 2019 World Economic Forum held in Davos, Switzerland. In doing so, this research sheds light on the achievement and impact of the movement. Employing a mixed-method approach providing a feminist epistemological perspective on elements drawn from discourse analysis, comparative discourse analysis, content analysis, and critical discourse analysis, this thesis analyses a sample of ten online reports on how online mass media, and particularly social media, shapes movements for social change. It shows that online media is of great significance in constructing movements for social change because it facilitates the construction and dissemination of a social change discourse and influences how we determine which situations and actions constitute “sexual harassment.” This analysis further shows that feminist principles of gender equality, women’s sexual self-determination, and empowerment no longer define the politics of sexual harassment in the digital age.

This thesis examines the issue of femicides in Germany and Spain, contextualized within the broader European Union (EU) framework. It employs feminist and postcolonial theoretical frameworks to analyze policy mobilization and the framing of gender-based violence in these two countries. Feminist theory challenges patriarchal structures and advocates for gender equality, focusing on the centrality of women's experiences and voices in research. Postcolonial theory explores the legacies of colonialism and imperialism, shedding light on historical power imbalances and their contemporary implications. Intersectionality, a core aspect of both theories, provides a nuanced understanding of how overlapping forms of oppression affect women, particularly in the context of gender-based violence. The study uses Critical Frame Analysis (CFA) to dissect how femicides are perceived and addressed in public discourse and policies in Germany and Spain. Despite similar femicide rates, these countries have distinct legal frameworks and cultural attitudes towards gender violence. The research highlights the EU's Eurocentric tendencies and the marginalization of intersectional perspectives on inequality policies. By integrating feminist and postcolonial theories, this thesis aims to uncover the complex dynamics of femicides, offering insights into the structural changes necessary to promote gender equality in the EU. The Analysis revealed that while Spain has a more gendered approach to legislation and a more intersectional approach to policies as a whole than Germany does, both countries struggle with explicitly addressing femicides and implementing effective interventions.

Denna studie undersöker hur våld i nära relation i sju fall av grov kvinnofridskränkning kan förstås utifrån Messerschmidts teori om konstruktionen av maskulinitet och brott. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur orsakerna till våldet beskrivs i fallen samt hur gärningsmännen beskriver offrens roll i våldet. Frågeställningarna som ställs i studien är 1) Hur ser arbetssituationen ut för kvinnan och mannen i de fall som analyseras? 2) Hur beskrivs orsaken till våldet i fallen och hur representerar gärningsmännen kvinnornas roll i våldet? samt 3) Hur kan dessa framställningar förstås utifrån teorin om maskulinitet och brott? Metoden som har använts är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar på att arbetslösheten hos gärningsmannen har en påverkan men inte en kausal relation till orsaken till våldet. Tre teman framkom i analysen som visade på att kontroll, svartsjuka och bestämmanderätt var centrala vid förklaringarna av våldet. Det framkom även att gärningsmännen försöker lägga över skulden på offren genom att beskriva hur hon har provocerat honom till våldet. Slutsatserna i studien är att de beskrivningar som har analyserats kan förstås och förklaras utifrån konstruktionen av maskulinitet och våldet uppstod främst när den maskulina identiteten uppfattades som ifrågasatt av offret. / This study examines how violence in close relationship in seven cases of gross violation of women's rights can be understood from Messerschmidt's theory on construction of masculinity and criminality. The purpose of this study is to examine the explanations for the violence in the cases as well as how the perpetrators describes the victim’s role in the violence. The problem statements in this study are 1) What does the working situation look like for the woman and man in the analysed cases? 2) How are the violence explained in the cases and how does the perpetrators describe the women's part in the violence? and 3) How can these explanations be understood from Messerschmidt's theory on masculinity and crime? The used method is a qualitative content analysis. The results show that the perpetrators unemployment has an effect, though not a causal relationship, on the occurring of the violence. Three themes emerged from the analysis that showed that control, jealousy and authority are central when describing the violence. It also emerged that the perpetrators tried to place the blame on the victim by describing how she provoked him to violence. Conclusions of this study are that the analysed descriptions can be understood and explained through the construction of masculinity and the violence mainly occurred when the masculine identity was perceived as being questioned by the victim.