The aim of the work is to compare with the help of appropriately chosen procedural parameters the work efficiency of work groups, which are managed in a different way under the conditions of a change, and at the same time to establish possible connection between the management style and work efficiency. The research was made in Rohde & Schwarz Company, branch Vimperk Ltd.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Nenhuma / O mercado, nas últimas décadas, vem impondo às empresas níveis crescentes de complexidade e interdependência, tanto interorganizacionais como intra-organizacionais. Neste contexto, percebe-se a importância da construção de uma lógica coletiva para o desenvolvimento das competências, uma vez que as tendências organizacionais não são uniformes. A excelência desses processos coletivos pode desencadear competências coletivas, que são apresentadas das formas mais variadas, contribuindo para competitividade organizacional. Sendo assim, essa dissertação tem como propósito contribuir para a compreensão das competências coletivas que ocorrem a partir de um processo estratégico que envolve a mobilização de diferentes grupos de trabalho para a realização da Parada Geral de Manutenção (PGM), em uma empresa do setor petroquímico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, desenvolvida através do método de estudo de caso, na Copesul. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-est / The market, in the last decades, is imposing to the enterprises crescent levels of complexity and interdependence not only inter-organizations but also intra-organizational. In that context, it is noticed the importance of the construction of a collective logic for the development of the competences, once the organizational tendencies are not uniform. The excellence of those collective processes can unchain collective competences, which are presented in the most varied ways, contributing to the organizational competitiveness. Thus, this dissertation has as purpose to contribute to the understanding of the collective competences that occurs starting from a strategic process that involves the mobilization of different work groups for the accomplishment of the turnaround maintenance in a company of the petrochemical sector. It is a qualitative research, of descriptive and exploratory nature, developed through the case study method in Copesul. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus grou

La investigación se propuso identificar las posibilidades que ofrece el marco universitario actual para la práctica de la orientación y la tutoría en Cuba y asesorar el diseño e implementación de un programa de orientación a ser aplicado en el Centro Universitario de Sancti Spíritus. El abordaje de la problemática desde una perspectiva interpretativa, con un marco metodológico cualitativo, basado en la investigación - acción como estrategia de intervención y el asesoramiento colaborativo como modelo de interrelación de las partes implicadas, nos posibilitó conocer que las modificaciones en las concepciones y políticas educativas cubanas están creando un espacio en el que la tutoría se convierte en un instrumento capaz de facilitar el autoaprendizaje desarrollador, la cual desarrollada sobre la base de un asesoramiento psicopedagógico colaborativo propicia un alto grado de participación e implicación de los profesores en sus decisiones y les concede un importante nivel de autonomía en sus prácticas. / The purpose of this investigation was to identify the possibilities that offer the actual university framework to practice guidance and tutorship in Cuba and to advice the design and implementation of a guidance program to be put into practice in the University Center of Sancti Spíritus. The analysis of the problem from an interpretative perspective, with a qualitative methological framework, based on the investigation - action as an intervention strategy and on the collaborative advising as a model of intervention of the persons implicated in the process, made possible that we could know how the modifications in the concepts and in the Cuban educational politics are creating a space for the tutorship to become an instrument which facilitates the creating self learning process. Furthermore, the development of it based on a collaborative psychopedagogic advising would propitiate a high degree of participation and implication of the professors in their decisions and they also get an important level of autonomy in their practices.

Ce mémoire a pour objet l’influence du groupe informel sur la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel. Dans un premier temps, nous examinerons la théorie sur le leadership transformationnel. Le lien entre ce style de leadership et le climat organisationnel est à l’étude, car il semble que ces deux variables sont liés aux perceptions qu’ont les employés de leur vécu en organisation. Les résultats de notre étude confirment effectivement cette première hypothèse. L’objectif central de notre recherche consiste à voir comment le groupe informel agit sur la relation entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel. D’abord, nous nous intéresserons sur l’appartenance à un groupe informel comme variable modératrice de la relation entre nos deux autres variables. Par contre, les résultats des analyses présentés n’ont pas réussi à confirmer ce modèle. Ensuite, nous étudierons le groupe informel en tant que variable médiatrice, où le chemin entre le leadership transformationnel et le climat organisationnel serait plutôt indirecte. Nos analyses démontrent que nos trois variables sont corrélées entre-elles, mais qu’en contrôlant pour l’effet du leadership transformationnel, le groupe informel n’est plus lié au climat organisationnel. Nous sommes amenés à proposer que le leadership transformationnel contribue à un contexte organisationnel qui satisfait aux besoins des employés, de sorte que le soutien social fourni par le groupe informel ne comble pas un manque. Ceci viendrait nuancer la dynamique à l’intérieur d’un groupe informel par rapport à ce qu’il apporte à ses membres. / The purpose of this study is to examine how informal work groups influence the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational climate. First, transformational leadership theory will be presented in order to highlight its growing importance in today’s workplace. This particular leadership style and its relationship with organizational climate will be examined, as it would appear that both these concepts play a role in how employees perceive their experiences in the work environment. The results of our study confirm this hypothesis. The central objective of this study is to explore how informal work groups affect the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational climate. We are interested in whether simply belonging to an informal work group can moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational climate. Our results did not succeed in confirming this model. In addition to this, we explore a more indirect pathway, where informal work groups mediate the relationship between our two other variables. We were able to establish correlations between our three variables. Interestingly, when controlling for the effect of transformational leadership, organizational climate and informal work groups are no longer linked. We thus conclude that an organizational situation where transformational leadership is present is better suited to respond to employees’ needs, and that such a situation reduces the necessity of having one’s needs met by informal work group members. If this is the case, the way that informal work groups function may need to be reexamined in regard to the extent that they benefit their members.

Bibliography: leaves [282]-290 / vii, 290 leaves ; 20 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1988

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Davi Traverso Nodari.pdf: 3735371 bytes, checksum: 807243a0c298436562449cb7191f2e1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-25 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The objective of this study is to present and analyze the processes of individual and group learning that occur in everyday work situations taking place at the reception area of hotels. This research highlights the learning skills in work groups, not forgetting, however, that it depends on the individual learning for effective organizational learning. The research was accomplished using the qualitative case study applied in the reception area of a medium size hotel in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. As research strategies, interviews were used with semi structured itineraries, the participant observation and the analysis of documents. Data collected were analyzed through the interpretative process of textual analysis, aided by the development of templates. The employees' group researched presents, in general, low education level. They learned the activities in the establishment and got so used to that reality in such a way that they get comfortable with the situations and activities that they have to accomplish. The learning of the activities performed by the employees of the reception area happens, predominantly, by the informal learning. Few changes are identified in the industry, and individual mental models prevail in the resolution of problems. Decisions are centralized by the management, and the employees did not seek or receive information to enable the creation of new meanings. As a result of this context, we find that group learning in the researched environment presents more barriers than facilitators aspects to its development. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar os processos de aprendizagem individual e grupal que ocorrem nas situações cotidianas de trabalho no espaço da recepção de hotéis. Esta pesquisa evidencia a aprendizagem nos grupos de trabalho, não esquecendo, todavia, que ela depende da aprendizagem individual para produzir efeito na aprendizagem organizacional. A investigação foi realizada por meio do estudo de caso qualitativo aplicado no espaço da recepção de um hotel de médio porte da cidade de Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul. Como estratégias de pesquisa, foram utilizadas entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados, a observação participante e a análise de documentos. Os dados coletados foram analisados por intermédio do processo de análise textual interpretativa, auxiliados pela elaboração de templates. O grupo de funcionários pesquisado, composto por sete recepcionistas e três auxiliares de recepção, apresenta, no geral, baixo nível de escolaridade. Foram aprendendo as atividades no estabelecimento e se acostumando a essa realidade de tal forma que se acomodaram com as situações e com as atividades que realizam. O aprendizado das atividades desempenhadas pelos funcionários do espaço da recepção acontece, predominantemente, pela aprendizagem informal. São identificadas poucas mudanças no setor, e os modelos mentais individuais prevalecem na resolução dos problemas. As decisões são centralizadas pela direção, e os funcionários não buscam nem recebem informações que permitam a criação de novos significados. Como resultado desse contexto, percebe-se que a aprendizagem em grupo no ambiente pesquisado apresenta mais barreiras do que aspectos facilitadores para seu desenvolvimento.

The use of continuous improvement programs is a widespread practice present in many organizations throughout the world. CI-programs are mostly associated with Lean production and substantial focus in literature and research are on the applicable tools and methods. This focus has led to the lack of attention to the softer areas of CI such as implementation. The reason explaining this might be due to the difficulties of measuring success in these areas. In order to investigate production deviations within a company that uses CI a study was performed at the bus chassis assembly at Scania. The deviation handling process and all activities related to it is highly influenced by Scania’s Production System. The studies were conducted at an assembly area with observations and interviews taking place as well as an internal benchmarking performed at the engine assembly. The conclusion is that the area studied at Scania has the tools and methods needed (although with the need of adjustments) but the implementation part is lacking. This area will come to play a big part in taking SPS one step further. As a recommendation to the area studied in Scania a group of suggestions has been presented in this paper in order to improve the implementation of SPS. The managerial contribution of this paper is a group of important suggestions. The theoretical contribution of this paper can be seen as a case study that could create an increase insight in the complexity of this topic but also to increase the attention to the importance of it. / Ständiga förbättringar är ett världsomfattande fenomen som används inom flera organisationer. Oftast associerar man ständiga förbättringar med Lean och litteraturen kring ämnet beskriver för det mesta bara verktygen och metoderna som tillämpas. Detta focus har lett till att väldigt lite uppmärksamhet har riktats mot de mjukare delarna så som implementering. En orsak till detta kan vara svårigheten att mäta framgång inom området. För att undersöka avvikelser inom ett företag som arbetar med ständiga förbättringar så gjordes en studie på Scanias buss chassi montering. Avvikelsehanteringsprocessen påverkas väldigt mycket utav Scanias produktions system. Studier utfördes på ett monteringområde där man bland annat observerade, intervjuade samt utförde en benchmark på motormonteringen. Slutsatsen är att monteringsområdet där studien ägde rum på Scania har verktygen och metoderna som behövs (med behovet av mindre justeringar) men implementeringen har brister. Just implementeringen kommer spela en stor roll i att ta SPS ett steg längre. Som en rekommendation till monteringsområdet som undersöktes så har ett flertal förslag som kan förbättra SPS presenterats i denna rapport. Bidraget till lokala ledningen är ett antal viktiga förslag. Det teoretiska bidraget i denna rapport kan ses som en case studie som kan förbättra förståelsen för det komplexa ämnet samt att belysa det ytterligare och konstatera dess betydelse.

La collaboration constitue une stratégie efficace pour aider les organisations et les individus à évoluer dans des environnements dynamiques et complexes, et génère de nombreux avantages cognitifs, affectifs et pécuniaires. De plus en plus, les équipes de travail sont impliquées dans des collaborations complexes, lesquelles requièrent de transiger à travers les frontières nationales, organisationnelles et disciplinaires. Bien que les collaborations complexes soient de plus en plus courantes en milieux organisationnels et étudiées par les scientifiques, peu d’études empiriques ont été réalisées sur le sujet et la documentation inhérente est disséminée dans divers silos parallèles de connaissances, donnant lieu à des modèles conceptuels divergents et incomplets. L’importance croissante de ces formes de collaboration crée l’impératif scientifique et pratique d’en acquérir une meilleure compréhension ainsi que d’identifier et d’évaluer les conditions et les facteurs qui favorisent leur succès et leur efficacité. Cette thèse vise à combler les lacunes susmentionnées et permettre un avancement des connaissances sur le sujet par l’entremise de deux articles répondant à divers objectifs de recherche. Le premier article avance une définition claire des collaborations complexes, en vue de réduire la confusion entourant ce construit. Il présente également la première revue de documentation sur les facteurs favorisant le succès des collaborations complexes, unifiant les résultats issus de divers contextes et disciplines scientifiques. Cette démarche a permis d’identifier 14 variables clés provenant de 26 études empiriques. À partir de ces données, un modèle conceptuel fondé sur des assises théoriques solides et reconnues en psychologie du travail et des organisations est proposé, offrant ainsi un canevas systémique et dynamique du phénomène ainsi qu’une orientation détaillée des pistes de recherches pertinentes. Le deuxième article part des résultats obtenus dans le premier article afin d’évaluer empiriquement les relations entre certains facteurs clés ayant un impact sur des extrants importants de collaborations complexes. L’étude multiphasique est réalisée auprès de 16 équipes de projets (N=93) interdisciplinaires et interorganisationnelles prenant part à des sessions de travail intensives visant la production de concepts novateurs en design intégré lié au développement durable. Les analyses corrélationnelles montrent des liens positifs entre l’ouverture à la diversité, les processus collaboratifs, la viabilité, la performance d’équipe et la performance de projet, ainsi que des liens négatifs entre les conflits et ces mêmes extrants. De plus, les analyses de médiation multiple révèlent qu’une plus grande ouverture à la diversité influence positivement la viabilité, la performance d’équipe et la performance de projet en favorisant les processus collaboratifs efficaces et en réduisant les conflits. Les implications théoriques et pratiques découlant de ces résultats sont discutées. / Collaboration is an effective strategy to help organizations and individuals evolve in turbulent and complex environments, yielding numerous cognitive, affective, financial benefits. Increasingly, work teams are involved in complex collaborations, which require working across national, organizational and disciplinary boundaries. Although complex collaborations are increasingly prevalent and studied, there are few empirical studies on the subject and related literature is scattered in parallel knowledge silos, and poorly integrated conceptually. The growing ubiquity and reliance on these forms of collaboration creates a scientific and practical imperative to improve their understanding, as well as to identify and assess conditions and factors that promote their success and effectiveness. This thesis aims to address abovementioned gaps and knowledge advances through two articles, each targeting several objectives. The first paper provides a clear definition of complex collaborations, meant to decipher some of the confusion surrounding this construct. It also presents the first review of literature on factors fostering success of complex collaborations, unifying findings across research disciplines and contexts, which allowed to uncover 14 key variables from 26 empirical studies. Based on these findings, a theoretically grounded framework capturing functional and dynamic relationships among identified factors is introduced and developed, providing comprehensive and systemic view of the phenomenon and orienting pertinent research paths. The second article capitalizes on findings from the first paper to empirically investigate relationships between key factors affecting important outcomes of complex collaborations. The multi-wave survey is conducted with 16 interdisciplinary and inter-organizational projects teams (N=93) participating in intense work sessions aimed at producing innovative integrated design concepts. Correlational analyses show positive relationships between openness to diversity, collaborative processes, viability, team performance, and project performance, as well as negative relations between conflicts and the latter constructs. Further, multiple mediation analyses reveal that greater openness to diversity affects viability, team performance, and project performance by way of promoting efficient collaborative processes and inhibiting conflicts. Theoretical and practical implications from these findings are discussed.

La collaboration constitue une stratégie efficace pour aider les organisations et les individus à évoluer dans des environnements dynamiques et complexes, et génère de nombreux avantages cognitifs, affectifs et pécuniaires. De plus en plus, les équipes de travail sont impliquées dans des collaborations complexes, lesquelles requièrent de transiger à travers les frontières nationales, organisationnelles et disciplinaires. Bien que les collaborations complexes soient de plus en plus courantes en milieux organisationnels et étudiées par les scientifiques, peu d’études empiriques ont été réalisées sur le sujet et la documentation inhérente est disséminée dans divers silos parallèles de connaissances, donnant lieu à des modèles conceptuels divergents et incomplets. L’importance croissante de ces formes de collaboration crée l’impératif scientifique et pratique d’en acquérir une meilleure compréhension ainsi que d’identifier et d’évaluer les conditions et les facteurs qui favorisent leur succès et leur efficacité. Cette thèse vise à combler les lacunes susmentionnées et permettre un avancement des connaissances sur le sujet par l’entremise de deux articles répondant à divers objectifs de recherche. Le premier article avance une définition claire des collaborations complexes, en vue de réduire la confusion entourant ce construit. Il présente également la première revue de documentation sur les facteurs favorisant le succès des collaborations complexes, unifiant les résultats issus de divers contextes et disciplines scientifiques. Cette démarche a permis d’identifier 14 variables clés provenant de 26 études empiriques. À partir de ces données, un modèle conceptuel fondé sur des assises théoriques solides et reconnues en psychologie du travail et des organisations est proposé, offrant ainsi un canevas systémique et dynamique du phénomène ainsi qu’une orientation détaillée des pistes de recherches pertinentes. Le deuxième article part des résultats obtenus dans le premier article afin d’évaluer empiriquement les relations entre certains facteurs clés ayant un impact sur des extrants importants de collaborations complexes. L’étude multiphasique est réalisée auprès de 16 équipes de projets (N=93) interdisciplinaires et interorganisationnelles prenant part à des sessions de travail intensives visant la production de concepts novateurs en design intégré lié au développement durable. Les analyses corrélationnelles montrent des liens positifs entre l’ouverture à la diversité, les processus collaboratifs, la viabilité, la performance d’équipe et la performance de projet, ainsi que des liens négatifs entre les conflits et ces mêmes extrants. De plus, les analyses de médiation multiple révèlent qu’une plus grande ouverture à la diversité influence positivement la viabilité, la performance d’équipe et la performance de projet en favorisant les processus collaboratifs efficaces et en réduisant les conflits. Les implications théoriques et pratiques découlant de ces résultats sont discutées. / Collaboration is an effective strategy to help organizations and individuals evolve in turbulent and complex environments, yielding numerous cognitive, affective, financial benefits. Increasingly, work teams are involved in complex collaborations, which require working across national, organizational and disciplinary boundaries. Although complex collaborations are increasingly prevalent and studied, there are few empirical studies on the subject and related literature is scattered in parallel knowledge silos, and poorly integrated conceptually. The growing ubiquity and reliance on these forms of collaboration creates a scientific and practical imperative to improve their understanding, as well as to identify and assess conditions and factors that promote their success and effectiveness. This thesis aims to address abovementioned gaps and knowledge advances through two articles, each targeting several objectives. The first paper provides a clear definition of complex collaborations, meant to decipher some of the confusion surrounding this construct. It also presents the first review of literature on factors fostering success of complex collaborations, unifying findings across research disciplines and contexts, which allowed to uncover 14 key variables from 26 empirical studies. Based on these findings, a theoretically grounded framework capturing functional and dynamic relationships among identified factors is introduced and developed, providing comprehensive and systemic view of the phenomenon and orienting pertinent research paths. The second article capitalizes on findings from the first paper to empirically investigate relationships between key factors affecting important outcomes of complex collaborations. The multi-wave survey is conducted with 16 interdisciplinary and inter-organizational projects teams (N=93) participating in intense work sessions aimed at producing innovative integrated design concepts. Correlational analyses show positive relationships between openness to diversity, collaborative processes, viability, team performance, and project performance, as well as negative relations between conflicts and the latter constructs. Further, multiple mediation analyses reveal that greater openness to diversity affects viability, team performance, and project performance by way of promoting efficient collaborative processes and inhibiting conflicts. Theoretical and practical implications from these findings are discussed.

Managers of software development projects increasingly need to deal with factors such as competition, demand for quality, shorter product life cycles and constant technological changes in the market. Thus, it was realized that flexibility is a critical issue for software development projects, since it is necessary to improve the ability of responses to market changes, so that there are few reworks, minimized costs, responsiveness and capacity innovation. Aiming to contribute to this discussion, this study sought to investigate how the characteristics of flexibility are perceived by project managers in software development. The theoretical framework of the processes of software development Cockburn (2001), Abrahamsson et al. (2003), Vinekar (2006) and Laudon and Laudon (2010) were the basis for this study. The methodology has a descriptive and qualitative and adopted the search strategy multiple case study in which the cases are characterized by the processes of software development, and as a source of evidence, chose to project managers who work in Aracaju, considering that these professionals have a broader view of the development process. As results, in treating of flexibility with respect to the customer, all respondents stated that customer participation in the development process is important for the proper performance of the project as possible to anticipate potential changes. Regarding flexibility in the working group, four of the five managers interviewed said that team members do not react well to changes in the project, and that there is an effort in most projects to negotiate with the client possible changes in cost and time. Regarding the process flexibility, the five respondents agree on the advantages of a good definition of the processes within the organization. However, all processes are capable of adapting to achieve the required results. The findings in this study therefore demonstrate that the project managers, while focusing on the technical aspects of the software development process, associate to the level of success of the project to other factors, such as flexibility in the process, working groups and with respect to the customer. / Os gerentes de projetos de desenvolvimento de software precisam cada vez mais lidar com fatores como a competição, demanda por qualidade, menores ciclos de vida de produtos e mudanças tecnológicas constantes no mercado. Dessa forma, percebeu-se que a flexibilidade é uma questão crítica para projetos de desenvolvimento de software, uma vez que é necessário aprimorar a capacidade de respostas às mudanças de mercado, de forma que haja poucos retrabalhos, custos minimizados, agilidade de resposta e capacidade de inovação. Com o propósito de contribuir para tal discussão, esta dissertação investiga como as características de flexibilidade são percebidas por gerentes de projetos no desenvolvimento de software. O arcabouço teórico sobre os processos de desenvolvimento de software, tais como os fundamentados em Cockburn (2001), Abrahamsson et al. (2003), Vinekar (2006) e Laudon e Laudon (2010) serviram como base para este estudo. A metodologia teve caráter descritivo e qualitativo e adotou-se a estratégia de pesquisa estudo de casos múltiplos, na qual os casos foram caracterizados pelos processos de desenvolvimento de software e, como fonte de evidências, escolheram-se os gestores de projetos de software que atuam em Aracaju, por considerar que estes profissionais possuem uma visão mais abrangente do processo de desenvolvimento de tais sistemas. Como resultados obtidos, ao tratar de flexibilidade com relação ao cliente, todos os entrevistados declararam que a participação do cliente no processo de desenvolvimento é importante para o bom desempenho do projeto, pois possibilita antecipar possíveis mudanças. No tocante à flexibilidade no grupo de trabalho, quatro dos cinco gerentes entrevistados ressaltaram que os membros da equipe não reagem bem às mudanças no projeto, e que existe um esforço na maioria dos projetos em negociar com o cliente possíveis alterações de custos e prazos. No que concerne à flexibilidade dos processos de desenvolvimento, os cinco entrevistados concordaram sobre as vantagens de uma boa definição dos processos dentro da organização. Contudo, todos os processos são passíveis de adaptação para atingir os resultados necessários. Os resultados encontrados nessa pesquisa demonstram, portanto, que os gerentes de projetos, apesar de focarem nos aspectos técnicos do processo de desenvolvimento de software, associam o nível de sucesso do projeto a outros fatores, tais como a flexibilidade com relação ao cliente, nos grupos de trabalho e no processo de desenvolvimento.