Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-27T19:55:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analise_perdas.pdf: 2121449 bytes, checksum: 1bbadbf0e2a60dc7713e8556a8208a4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T19:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analise_perdas.pdf: 2121449 bytes, checksum: 1bbadbf0e2a60dc7713e8556a8208a4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-08 / Nenhuma / O propósito deste estudo é contribuir para o debate a respeito das perdas existentes ou passíveis de ocorrência em ambientes hospitalares frente aos desafios que esse contexto apresenta. Com foco na redução de desperdícios e perdas, preconizada pela produção enxuta, diferentes setores da produção de bens e serviços têm adotado os princípios e as práticas desse sistema produtivo. Analisar perdas no contexto hospitalar remete à discussão sobre o trade-off entre perdas e atenção à saúde humana. É portanto, um aspecto relevante para essas organizações e, mais amplamente, para a sociedade e stakeholder, último deste sistema. Entende-se haver fortes oportunidades para melhoria da produtividade por meio da compreensão dos fatores geradores de perdas nos ambientes hospitalares. Sob este enfoque questiona-se: Quais as perdas existentes ou passíveis de ocorrência nos processos de um ambiente hospitalar? Este estudo teve uma unidade de Emergência Hospitalar como cenário de investigação, com o objetivo de analisar as perdas existentes ou passíveis de ocorrênca nos processos de um ambiente hospitalar, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória. A escolha deu-se pois os serviços analisados envolvem processos complexos, de alto risco e custos elevados, na qual a agilidade no encaminhamento dos pacientes que necessitam de cuidados médicos é fator crítico de sucesso para a redução de sequelas e nas chances de restabelecimento do paciente, processos que refletem simultaneamente no desempenho individual e coletivo da organização. Como resultado, a pesquisa apresenta e discute as perdas encontradas nos processos analisados e a partir das evidências empíricas encontradas a relação das mesmas com o conceito de perdas preconizadas pela Produção Enxuta. Os resultados apontam para uma tipologia de perdas encontradas nos processos analisados, que remete à discussão entre os custos e a atenção à saúde humana. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to the discussion about existing loss or most likely losses to occur in a hospital environment considering all challenges that this context present. With focus on waste and losses reduction, as recommended by a lean production, different sectors of goods and service production have chosen the lean practice in the production system. To analyse loss in the hospital context, takes us back to a discussion about trade-off between losses and attention to human health care. Therefore, it is a relevant aspect for the health organization, and more broadly to society and stakeholders, last in this system. It is understandable that there are strong evident opportunities to improve production by understanding the factors that cause losses in hospital environment. From this perspective, the question to be done is: Which are the existing losses ore most likely losses to occur in hospital environment processes? This study had a hospital emergency unit as a setting for research,with the purpose to analyse the existing loss or most likely losses to occur in the processes of a hospital environment, through an exploratory qualitative approach. The choice was made because in this unit, the services envolve high risk, high cost ,and complex processes that require agility in forewarding patients who need medical care and this is a critical factor in order to reduce the chance of sequel and to offer chances to recover, processes that reflect both individual and collective performance of the organization. As a result, this study presents and discusses the losses found in the processes analyses and through empirical evidence found the relation between them with the loss concept by the losses recommended by Lean Production. The results point to a type of loss found in the cases examined, which refers to discussion between the costs and attention to human health.

Sammanfattning Att ha rätt kompetens ses som viktigt för organisationers omvärldsanpassning och konkurrenskraft. Stora summor läggs på kompetensutveckling där personalutbildning är en sätt att sprida kunskap. Men många organisationer lyckas inte med att producera ihållande och heltäckande överföring av kunskap eftersom det kan uppstå problem i att överföra lärandet från utbildningsmiljön till att faktiskt använda nya kunskaper i arbetsmiljön. Detta benämns transferproblemet. Forskningen visar att transfer påverkas av faktorer som härrör individens förmåga och motivation, utbildningens utformning och relevans, arbetsklimatet, samt stöd från ledningen och kollegor. Ledningen bör ta hänsyn till forskningen för att skapa förutsättningar för utbildningsdeltagaren att tillämpa ny kompetens, men trots detta verkar det som att organisationer har svårt att identifiera vilka faktorer som är mest kritiska för transfer. I centrum för denna studie står ledningspersoners upplevelser av hur de arbetar med att stödja och ta tillvara anställdas kompetens i samband med personalutbildning. För att få en förståelse för ledningspersonernas upplevelse av att arbeta med transfer genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra verksamhetschefer, tre arbetsledare och en HR-medarbetare i en tandvårdsorganisation som måste möta många förändringar och har ett omfattande utbildningsprogram. Det insamlade materialet har sedan tematiserats och analyserats mot tidigare forskning om transfer och med hjälp av ett organisationspedagogiskt perspektiv. Det framträdande i resultatet var att cheferna anpassade stöd och resurser för transfer både till utbildningen och till individen. Ett proaktivt arbetssätt användes främst för att anpassa insatser för transfer till utbildningen genom att det i vissa utbildningar ingick efter-utbildnings-insatser, en efter-utbildnings-aktivitet på kliniken, samt att planera för att individen ska komma igång med nya arbetsuppgifter. Ett reaktivt förhållningssätt var dock vanligare för att kunna göra de individuella anpassningarna av insatserna. Cheferna var också mer benägna att ge stöd och resurser för transfer i samband med yrkesutbildning än vid relationsinriktad utbildning. Något som också var framträdande var den kollektiva kompetensens betydelse. Det ansågs viktigt att arbetsteamet och ibland hela gruppen på arbetsplatsen behövde kunskap inom det aktuella området för att bidra till den kollektiva kompetensen att utföra en uppgift och för att kunna stötta en utbildningsdeltagare. Något som också var utmärkande var det kollegiala stödets betydelse både på arbetsplatsen och i organisationen, samt hur organisationen och cheferna aktivt arbetar med att skapa interaktionsutrymme mellan olika medlemmar i organisationen för stöd och kunskapsutbyte. / Abstract Having the right skills is considered important for organizations' adaption to changes and competitiveness. Large sums are being spent on skills development, where staff training is a way of spreading knowledge. However, many organizations fail to produce sustained and comprehensive transfer of knowledge, as problems may arise in transferring learning from the educational environment to actually using new skills in the work environment. This is called the transfer problem. Research shows that transfer is influenced by factors that derived from the individual's ability and motivation, the design and relevance of the staff training, work environment, and support from management and colleagues. Management should take into account the research to create the conditions for the training participant to apply new skills, but despite this, organizations seem to have difficulties identifying which factors are the most critical of transfer. At the heart of this study, management's experience is how they work to support and utilize employee skills in staff training. In order to gain understanding of executives' experience of working with transfer, eight semi- structured interviews were conducted with four business executives, three supervisors and a HR employee in a dental organization that has to face many changes and has a comprehensive education program. The collected material has since been thematized and analyzed against previous research on transfer, using an organizational pedagogical perspective. The prominent outcome was that the managers had adapted support and resources for transfer both to the education and to the individual. A proactive approach was used primarily to adapt efforts for transfer to education through the inclusion of post-education activities, post-training activities in the clinic, and planning for the individual to get started with new tasks. However, a reactive approach was more common in order to make individual adjustments of the efforts. The managers were also more likely to provide support and resources for transfers in vocational education than in relational education. Something that was also prominent was the importance of collective competence. It was considered important that the work team and sometimes the entire group at the workplace needed knowledge in the field in question to contribute to the collective competence to perform a task and to support a training participant. Something that was also significant was the importance of collegial support both in the workplace and in the organization, as well as how the organization and managers actively work to create interaction space between different members of the organization for support and knowledge sharing.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la façon dont différentes organisations sont impliquées dans des relations inter-organisationnelles (RIO), en nous centrant sur le secteur culturel. Dans le cadre de méta-organisations cette recherche a pour but de mieux comprendre le déroulement des processus internes des groupes inter-organisationnels par l’analyse des relations entre les individus au sein de ces GIO. Nous souhaitons améliorer leurs chances de succès. Pour analyser les relations entre les individus au sein de ces GIO, nous introduisons le concept d’identification inter-organisationnelle et celui de la compétence collective. Nous considérons que ces deux concepts nous permettent de comprendre la réussite, la stagnation ou l’échec des méta-organisations. Nous allons montrer à travers cette recherche doctorale qu’il est nécessaire de développer une compétence collective, autrement dit, la compétence du collectif de travail inter-organisationnel sur le long terme, pour assurer le succès de la RIO, et que l’identification inter-organisationnelle joue un rôle déterminant dans ce processus. Ainsi, grâce à une étude de cas comparative à visée explicative, dans le secteur culturel, cette thèse propose un modèle qui permet de comprendre le lien entre l’émergence d’une identification et une compétence collective et de mettre en évidence des moyens de management qui permettent d’améliorer les relations inter-organisationnelles. / This thesis looks at the way different organizations are involved in inter-organizational relations (IOR), with a focus on the cultural sector. In the context of meta-organizations, the aim of this research is to better understand how the internal processes in inter-organizational groups take place by analysing the relationships between individuals within those groups. In so doing, we hope to improve their chances of success. To analyse these relationships, we introduce the concept of inter-organizational identification and that of collective competence. We believe that these two concepts can provide us with a better understanding of the success, stagnation or failure of meta-organizations. This doctoral research will demonstrate that it is necessary to develop collective competence, i.e. competence at the level of the inter-organizational working group in the long term, in order to ensure the success of IOR. It will also reveal that inter-organizational identification plays a crucial role in this process. Based on an explanatory comparative case study in the cultural sector, a model is proposed with which to understand the link between the emergence of identification and collective competence and to highlight the management approaches that can be used to improve inter-organizational relations.

This research investigates organisational capabilities and cultures of both partners as potential explanatory factors of co-operative R&D projects outcomes. Contributions to theory are (1) a justification for the existence of organisational capabilities and 'world views', (2) a parsimonious typology of 'world views' and (3) a method to measure organisational capabilities. The survey covers 514 projects in the electronics industry, in Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Finland. It obtains 120 full answers, each of which coupling responses from a matched pair of project managers having co-operated on the same R&D project. The survey refers to the organisation's capabilities, to those of the partner, to its 'world view', and to project outcomes. None of the traditional explanatory factors (geographic distance, difference in nationality, size or legal status, strategic compatibility) has any significant influence on any of the outcomes being studied (save one). The explanatory factors introduced by the research (organisational capabilities and 'world views') have a significant influence on almost all outcomes being considered of the co-operative R&D projects: attainment of concrete results, compliance with budget and schedule, creation and transfer of knowledge, learning (modification of capabilities). Cultural diversity, 'absorptive capacity', and teaching effects, selective according to the capability in question, are evidenced. Commonalities between partners are shown to be more important than distance. These results validate empirically organisational capabilities and 'world views' as descriptors of inter-organisational capabilities, and their operationalisation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 30 / Nenhuma / O mercado, nas últimas décadas, vem impondo às empresas níveis crescentes de complexidade e interdependência, tanto interorganizacionais como intra-organizacionais. Neste contexto, percebe-se a importância da construção de uma lógica coletiva para o desenvolvimento das competências, uma vez que as tendências organizacionais não são uniformes. A excelência desses processos coletivos pode desencadear competências coletivas, que são apresentadas das formas mais variadas, contribuindo para competitividade organizacional. Sendo assim, essa dissertação tem como propósito contribuir para a compreensão das competências coletivas que ocorrem a partir de um processo estratégico que envolve a mobilização de diferentes grupos de trabalho para a realização da Parada Geral de Manutenção (PGM), em uma empresa do setor petroquímico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, desenvolvida através do método de estudo de caso, na Copesul. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-est / The market, in the last decades, is imposing to the enterprises crescent levels of complexity and interdependence not only inter-organizations but also intra-organizational. In that context, it is noticed the importance of the construction of a collective logic for the development of the competences, once the organizational tendencies are not uniform. The excellence of those collective processes can unchain collective competences, which are presented in the most varied ways, contributing to the organizational competitiveness. Thus, this dissertation has as purpose to contribute to the understanding of the collective competences that occurs starting from a strategic process that involves the mobilization of different work groups for the accomplishment of the turnaround maintenance in a company of the petrochemical sector. It is a qualitative research, of descriptive and exploratory nature, developed through the case study method in Copesul. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus grou

This research investigates organisational capabilities and cultures of both partners as potential explanatory factors of co-operative R&D projects outcomes. Contributions to theory are (1) a justification for the existence of organisational capabilities and 'world views', (2) a parsimonious typology of 'world views' and (3) a method to measure organisational capabilities. The survey covers 514 projects in the electronics industry, in Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Finland. It obtains 120 full answers, each of which coupling responses from a matched pair of project managers having co-operated on the same R&D project. The survey refers to the organisation's capabilities, to those of the partner, to its 'world view', and to project outcomes. None of the traditional explanatory factors (geographic distance, difference in nationality, size or legal status, strategic compatibility) has any significant influence on any of the outcomes being studied (save one). The explanatory factors introduced by the research (organisational capabilities and 'world views') have a significant influence on almost all outcomes being considered of the co-operative R&D projects: attainment of concrete results, compliance with budget and schedule, creation and transfer of knowledge, learning (modification of capabilities). Cultural diversity, 'absorptive capacity', and teaching effects, selective according to the capability in question, are evidenced. Commonalities between partners are shown to be more important than distance. These results validate empirically organisational capabilities and 'world views' as descriptors of inter-organisational capabilities, and their operationalisation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA CINTRA BORTOLETTO GIANSANTE.pdf: 1492274 bytes, checksum: 8626b4358fe51210e37b1de7c70d42f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-13 / Technological innovations and changes in the form of work have become fundamental parts in performance teams of organizations and individual improvement. Theoretical research identifies that the knowledge of the characteristics of the team and its members provides performance, organizational development, social interactions and how they will be performed the tasks. The study by investigative question analyse the relations of characteristics of the members of the teams that include socio-demographic characteristics, individual skills, psychological types, with the collective skills and collective performance. The search context is a technology course in gastronomy at a private University, a sample of 131 students, ten teams of fourth semester and eleven of the second semester in practical activities in the laboratory of food. It is a descriptive research that employs the correlation method for quantitative data, as individual and collective skills and academic performance collective notes, besides qualitative interpretations by observation in twelve meetings of the teams for collective work and a quality-quantitative analysis of data. The study highlights the absence of correlation between the variables in the teams of 2nd semester justified for being quite young teams and in initial academic and professional development phase. On the team of 4th semester, the Pearson coefficient indicates significant correlation and proves that the characteristics of a positive influence on the collective skills and result in better performances collectives. Qualitatively, the best teams are managed by a lead female adult who coordinates the tasks and the members are contributors and employees, while the leader is communicator and challenger. Develop a dynamic work pace with strong presence of communication, quick and creative decision-making and reach differentiated targets in gastronomy. Although the results cannot be generalized because the research has been carried out in only one University and involving 21 teams, the theoretical concepts are and can be tested in other realities. / As inovações tecnológicas e as mudanças na forma de trabalho tornaram as equipes peças fundamentais no desempenho das organizações e no aprimoramento individual. A pesquisa teórica identifica que o conhecimento das características das equipes e de seus membros proporciona desempenho, desenvolvimento organizacional, determina as interações sociais e a maneira como serão realizadas as tarefas. O estudo tem por questão investigativa analisar as relações entre características dos integrantes de equipes que incluem as características sociodemográficas, competências individuais, tipos psicológicos, com as competências coletivas e o desempenho coletivo. O contexto da pesquisa é um curso de tecnologia em gastronomia de uma universidade privada, uma amostra de 131 alunos, dez equipes do quarto e onze do segundo semestres em atividades práticas no Laboratório de Alimentos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva que emprega o método de correlação para os dados quantitativos, como competências individuais e coletivas e notas acadêmicas de desempenho coletivo, além de interpretações qualitativas por observação em doze encontros das equipes para trabalhos coletivos e uma análise quali-quantitativa dos dados. O estudo evidencia ausência de correlação entre as variáveis nas equipes de 2º semestre justificada por serem equipes bastante jovens e em fase de desenvolvimento acadêmico e profissional. Na turma do 4º semestre, o coeficiente de Pearson indica correlação significativa e comprova que as características dos integrantes influenciam positivamente nas competências coletivas e resultam em melhores desempenhos coletivos. Qualitativamente, as melhores equipes são gerenciadas por uma liderança feminina adulta que coordena as tarefas e os membros são contribuintes e colaboradores enquanto o líder é comunicador e desafiador. Desenvolvem um ritmo de trabalho dinâmico com forte presença da comunicação, tomada de decisões rápidas e criativas e atingem metas diferenciadas em gastronomia. Apesar dos resultados não poderem ser generalizados pelo fato da pesquisa ter sido realizada em apenas uma universidade e envolvendo 21 equipes, os conceitos teóricos o são e podem ser testados em outras realidades.

La question principale de la recherche est la suivante : en quoi une politique d’intégration des nouveaux embauchés a-t-elle un rôle de transformation d’une compétence collective ? Le cadre théorique mobilisé s’articule autour de la GRH mais recouvre d’autres champs disciplinaires tels que le management stratégique. Notre méthodologie de recherche a consisté à mener une étude de cas approfondie au sein de SNCF Infra dans un contexte spécifique : l’ouverture prochaine à la concurrence du marché ferroviaire pour les voyageurs. Il ressort de l’analyse des données qu’à l’instar de la formation, le processus d’intégration contribue au renouvellement des compétences des salariés en mettant plus spécifiquement à l’épreuve les compétences collectives existantes. Cette recherche tend à mettre en exergue deux pistes de réflexion : assimiler la capacité d’absorption à une compétence organisationnelle et promouvoir le savoir coopérer comme une nouvelle méta-compétence. / The main research question is : how does a new integration policy hired a transformative role of collective competence ? The mobilized theoretical framework is based on HRM but covers other disciplines such as strategic management. Our research methodology was to conduct a thorough case study within SNCF Infra in a specific context : the next opening to competition of the railway market for travelers. It appears from the data analysis that, like training, the integration process contributes to the renewal of employee skills and more specifically by testing existing collective skills. This research tends to highlight two lines of thought : assimilate the absorption capacity to an organizational competence and promote knowledge cooperate as a new meta-competence.

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2016-10-04T14:20:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Weires.pdf: 2318038 bytes, checksum: 86c60b3567495a90c846bcb8040acec6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-10-10T18:18:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Weires.pdf: 2318038 bytes, checksum: 86c60b3567495a90c846bcb8040acec6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T18:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Weires.pdf: 2318038 bytes, checksum: 86c60b3567495a90c846bcb8040acec6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho propõe-se a ampliar as discussões atuais sobre a Gestão por Competências, especialmente no que se refere à noção de Competências Coletivas, usualmente marginalizadas no contexto da Gestão de Pessoas. Este trabalho procura problematizar a gestão das competências coletivas e os possíveis benefícios correlatos. Embora a literatura ressalte o diferencial estratégico que a gestão deste “fenômeno” e suas implicações poderiam ocasionar para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais, observa-se razoável descompasso entre este e as práticas de gestão de pessoas. Dessa forma, este estudo apresenta o resultado da investigação de como organizações sob o Modelo de Gestão por Competências identificam e utilizam as competências coletivas em suas práticas de gestão, através de estudos de caso considerando a realidade de três instituições públicas federais. Os casos foram constituídos a partir da análise documental e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com servidores da área de Gestão de Pessoas, permitindo a constatação de que as instituições sob estudo não demonstraram em suas práticas a identificação e gestão de competências coletivas, embora empreendam ações que poderiam contribuir para a sua futura formação. / The proposal of this work is to extend the current discussions on the competence-based management, especially with regard to the notion of Collective Competence, usually marginalized in the context of People Management. This work aims to discuss the management of collective competence and possible related benefits. Although the literature highlight the strategic advantage that the management of this "phenomenon" and its implications could lead to the achievement of organizational objectives, there is reasonable gap between this and people management practices. Thus, this study presents the results of research on how organizations under the competence-based management model identify and utilize the collective competence of its management practices through case studies considering the reality of three federal public institutions. The cases were recorded from the documental analysis and semi-structured interviews with servers from the area of Human Resources Management, allowing the realization that the institutions under study did not demonstrate in their practices the identification and management of collective competence, although undertake actions that could contribute to their future development.

Pour de nombreuses organisations aujourd’hui, les gains concurrentiels reposent sur des approches transversales de type projet. Par ailleurs, à mesure que les projets se multiplient et s’ouvrent sur leurs environnements interne et externe, le succès se conçoit de plus en plus en termes de valeur pour un nombre croissant d’acteurs ou parties prenantes impliqués directement ou indirectement dans ces projets.Dans cette perspective, l’objectif de notre recherche est de contribuer à mieux comprendre comment les gestionnaires créent les conditions favorables au bon déroulement et au succès de projets impliquant de nombreuses parties prenantes. Plus spécifiquement, le rapprochement de la littérature portant sur la politique dans les organisations, la gestion de projet et les compétences nous a conduits à nous interroger sur l’éventualité d’une compétence collective au service de la gestion politique des parties prenantes dans un projet. Appuyés sur un dispositif méthodologique de nature qualitative comprenant une vague d’entrevues préliminaires et deux études longitudinales de cas enchâssés, nous confirmons l’existence d’une véritable compétence politique et nous en décrivons pour la première fois les contours et le fonctionnement aux niveaux individuel, collectif, organisationnel et interorganisationnel. Ceci nous conduits à supporter une conceptualisation plus partagée du leadership et une approche plus authentique de la gestion des parties prenantes dans les projets comme source de performance. Nous proposons finalement quelques voies d’approfondissement pour mettre en œuvre une véritable gestion des compétences collectives politiques. / For numerous organizations today, competitive gains rely on a cross-disciplinary approach of project type. Furthermore, as projects multiply and open on their internal and external environments, success is increasingly measured in terms of value for the growing number of actors or stakeholders directly or indirectly involved in the projects.In light of this, the aim of our research is to contribute to a better understanding of how managers can create favorable conditions for good progress and the success of projects involving numerous stakeholders. More specifically, a comparison of the literature on organizational politics, project management and competence led us to question the possibility of a collective competence for the political management of project stakeholders.Based on a qualitative methodological plan, including a series of preliminary interviews and two longitudinal embedded case studies, we confirm the existence of a true political competence and, for the first time, we describe how it is shaped and how it operates at an individual, collective, organizational and inter-organizational level. This leads us to support a conceptualization of shared leadership and a more authentic approach of project stakeholder management as a source of performance. Finally, we have proposed several avenues of further research to implement real collective political competence management.