La sobre educación ha sido definida en la literatura como el desajuste entre el nivel educativo del individuo y el nivel educativo requerido por su puesto de trabajo. En este trabajo de investigación se buscar explicar los factores que originan que un individuo se encuentra sobre educado; los cuales están relacionados con las características socioeconómicas del individuo, según la literatura revisada. Para esto, en el presente estudio aplica el método Probit a un conjunto de datos longitudinal, para un período de seis años. Con ello, se encuentra entre las principales conclusiones que las mujeres son menos propensas a encontrarse sobre educada que los hombres, la cual concuerda con la hipótesis de investigación de este documento de investigación y que la percepción del individuo sobre la institución donde recibió educación básica disminuye la probabilidad de que el individuo se encuentre sobre educado. Estos resultados son de validez interna debido a las limitaciones de acceso a datos. / Over-education has been defined in the literature as the mismatch between the individual's educational level and the educational level required by his job. In this research work, we seek to explain the factors that cause an individual to be over-educated; which are related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the individual, according to the reviewed literature. For this, in the present study the Probit method is applied to a longitudinal data set, for a period of six years. With this, it is among the main conclusions that women are less likely to be over-educated than men, which agrees with the research hypothesis of this research document and that the perception of the individual about the institution where he received basic education decreases the probability that the individual is over-educated. These results are internally valid due to data access limitations. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente estudio se enfoca en las características de la demanda laboral de las micro y pequeñas empresas del sector seguros en el Perú, así como en las características de la oferta laboral a su disposición. La interacción entre ambas variables se analizó mediante un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo no experimental, en la que se aplicó la entrevista semi estructurada y la encuesta cerrada para recabar la información de muestras no probabilísticas. Como resultado, se halló elementos importantes que estas empresas requieren de los candidatos que postulen a sus procesos de reclutamiento, como son el tener experiencia, un título profesional, entre otros. Estas a su vez, fueron sintetizadas en competencias laborales especificas y generales. Además, se halló que en los últimos años la entrada y salida de personal de estas empresas ha sido limitada, posiblemente debido a un limitado crecimiento del sector, lo que ha evitado que estas evalúen adecuadamente sus procesos de reclutamiento y selección de personal. / The present study is focused on the characteristics of the labor demand of micro and small enterprises of the insurance sector in Peru, including the labor supply available for them. The interaction between both variables was analyzed using a qualitative approach, with a non-experimental descriptive reach. A semi structured interview and a closed survey were applied to obtain the data from a non-probabilistic sample. As a result, important elements that these enterprises require from candidates that apply to their recruitment processes were found, such as having experience, a bachelor’s degree, among others. At the same time, these were synthetized in specific and general occupational competencies. Further, it was found that in the last years there has been a limited entry and departure of employees from these enterprises, possibly due to the limited growth of the sector, putting on hold an appropriate assessment of recruitment and selection of personnel processes. / Trabajo de investigación

Education and work are interrelated rights that the Brazilian citizen acquired along the history of the country and, regarding the current social context, immersed in the globalization and technology, these rights assume an even bigger interdependence. The current study aims at verifying the working market placement of the graduates from the Initial and Continuing Education courses (FIC) carried out by the articulation between Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and the Military Organizations from Santa Maria in the National Program of Access to Technical Education and Employment (PRONATEC) sphere. This research was developed as a study of case in order to diagnose the situation of the graduates considering the working market and the influence of taking the course to reach such objective. The data collection was done through the consultation of documents and records and through questionnaires given to the FIC graduates at Industrial Technical School. The FIC graduates from the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014 were the subjects of this research. The results present a diagnosis of the current situation of FIC courses in terms of effectiveness identifying limitations and suggesting measures that can improve the contribution of these Professional Education courses to place the youth in the working market and encourage them to keep studying. / Educação e trabalho são direitos inter-relacionados que o cidadão brasileiro adquiriu ao longo da história do país e que, no atual contexto social, imerso na globalização e na tecnologia, assumem uma interdependência ainda maior entre si. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a inserção no mercado de trabalho dos egressos dos cursos de Formação Inicial e Continuada (FIC), realizados mediante articulação entre a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) e as Organizações Militares de Santa Maria, no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (PRONATEC). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em forma de estudo de caso, com vistas a diagnosticar a situação dos egressos em relação ao mercado de trabalho e a influência da realização do curso para essa circunstância. A coleta de dados ocorreu por consulta a documentos e registros e por aplicação de questionários aos egressos dos cursos FIC realizados no Colégio Técnico Industrial. Os egressos dos cursos FIC nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014 foram os sujeitos da pesquisa. Os resultados apresentam um diagnóstico da atual situação dos cursos FIC em termos de efetividade, identificando suas limitações e propondo-se medidas que possam aumentar a contribuição desses cursos de Educação Profissional para a inserção do jovem no mercado de trabalho e para incentivar a continuidade dos estudos.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gilnei Saurin.pdf: 459381 bytes, checksum: 85d75afca8184edc6843b9c038b96c3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-30 / This master's degree research paper analyses objective conditions of graduated-student insertion of the management course in the working market as well as verify the movement present in the working market at grad-student absorption moment of higher education of the management course at Unioeste. This study is directly related to personal necessity in understand and analyze working market movement through the management grad-student category. Through this research paper existing relation between working market and Unioeste`s (Cascavel Campus) administration course graduated students. Appropriation of these relations, founded in theoretical/methodological procedures of critic content, allow us to discuss, now and in the future, the working market from the point of view of higher education. The use of bibliography, reports, statistic data, and field research though instrumental questionnaire allowed the approach to the working market movement as well as verify alteration in higher education as far as the management course is concerned. Apprehensions through analisys evidenced changing tendency aspects in the working market in the city of Cascavel as far as management grad-student absorption and its remuneration. These changes in the working sphere have changed management grad-student occupations as well as altered their social project. As the main aspect, we verify that lack of job openings for those who are graduated in the management course, where job function and salary level are not harmonized with higher education level. / Este trabalho/pesquisa de mestrado analisa as condições objetivas da inserção do egresso do curso de administração no mercado de trabalho, bem como verifica o movimento presente no mercado de trabalho no momento de absorver o egresso da educação superior, do curso de administração da Unioeste. A realização desse estudo tem relação direta com a necessidade pessoal em compreender e analisar o movimento do mercado de trabalho e suas determinações, possibilitando contribuir para o debate acerca do mercado de trabalho por meio da categoria egressos de administração. Por meio do trabalho/pesquisa foram explicitadas relações existentes entre o mercado de trabalho e os egressos do curso de administração da unioeste Campus de Cascavel-PR. A apropriação dessas relações, fundamentada em procedimentos teóricos/metodológicos de conteúdos críticos, permite-nos discutir, no presente e no futuro, o mercado de trabalho sob a ótica da educação superior. A utilização de bibliografia, relatórios, dados estatísticos e a pesquisa de campo por meio do instrumental questionário, permitiu abordar o movimento do mercado de trabalho, bem como verificar alterações na educação superior, no que tange ao curso de administração. As apreensões por meio da análise evidenciaram aspectos tendenciais de mudanças no mercado de trabalho em Cascavel no que tange à absorção do egresso de administração e à sua remuneração. Estas mudanças na esfera do trabalho têm modificado as ocupações do egresso de administração, bem como alterado o seu projeto social. Como principal aspecto, verificamos a precariedade do trabalho para quem é egresso do curso de administração, em que a função exercida e o nível salarial não são condizentes com o nível de formação superior.

En la mayoría de países de América Latina, en los últimos años, se ha incrementado la preocupación por la situación de los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan (Generación “NINI”). Por ello en esta investigación nos enfocaremos en la población juvenil peruana que forma parte de este grupo NINI y se analizarán los determinantes que influyen en la decisión de no estudiar, ni trabajar por parte de esta población. Con esto se pretende ahondar en los motivos de la inactividad juvenil, que se asocia en gran medida con los hogares de bajos ingresos, características personales y el nivel educativo. La relevancia de la investigación radica en el hecho de que conocer los factores determinantes de los NINI y de esta manera tratar de reducir su porcentaje mediante la educación y mayores oportunidades laborales, contribuirá a la acumulación de capital humano, y con ello, al crecimiento económico. Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, para estudiar los determinantes de los jóvenes que no estudian, ni trabajan, dentro del rango de edades de 15 a 29 años; resultando que, la mayor parte de los NINI son mujeres, de lo cual se deduce la existencia de factores asociados al género, tales como la fertilidad, el rol dentro de la economía del hogar o razones educativas para formar parte de este grupo. / In recent years, in most Latin American countries, a concern has been growing about the situation of young people who are neither in the education system nor integrated into the labour market (the "NEETS" generation). Therefore, in this research we focus on the Peruvian youth population that is part of this NEET group and we analyze the determinants that influence the decision of this population not to study or work. With this we intend to delve into the reasons for youth inactivity, which is largely associated with low-income households, personal characteristics and educational level. The National Household Survey was used to study the determinants of young people who neither study nor work, within the age range of 15 to 29 years; as a result, most of the NEET are women, from which the existence of factors associated with gender, fertility, the role within the household economy or educational reasons for being part of this group. / Tesis

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar qué variables impactan en la determinación del salario de los profesionales. Se han considerado como explicativas a las características por parte de la oferta laboral, es decir, del profesional, que son años de educación, género y zona de ubicación; también se incluye en la estimación a una variable que indica a qué familia de carrera pertenece el profesional. Además, se tiene en cuenta a una característica por parte de la demanda laboral, que es la actividad económica en la que trabaja el profesional, esto con el propósito de tener un modelo ampliado que analice tanto la perspectiva de oferta como de demanda laboral. Por ello, para la estimación de salarios se ha empleado la metodología en dos etapas de Heckman, ya que esta da solución al problema de sesgo de selección que está presente cuando se quieren estimar los ingresos laborales. De la sección econométrica se obtuvo que un individuo que cuente con más años de educación, que sea hombre y que trabaje en Lima Metropolitana, obtendrá mayores salarios. Por otro lado, tanto las variables de familia de carrera como de actividad económica resultaron fundamentales para la explicación de salarios de los profesionales. / The objective of this research is to evaluate which variables impact on the determination of the salary of professionals. The characteristics by part of the labor offer, that is, of the professional, have been considered as explanatory, which are years of education, gender, and area of location; a variable that indicates to which career family the professional belongs is also included in the estimation. In addition, a characteristic by part of the labor demand is taken into account, which is the economic activity in which the professional works, this with the purpose of having an expanded model that analyzes both the labor offer and demand perspectives. For this reason, for the estimation of salaries, Heckman’s two-stage methodology has been used, since it addresses the selection bias problem that is present when estimating labor income. From the econometric section, it was obtained that an individual who has more years of education, who is a man, and who works in Metropolitan Lima, has higher salaries. On the other hand, both the variables of career family and economic activity were fundamental for explaining the salaries of professionals. / Trabajo de investigación

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar si la variación salarial es un factor que induce a los trabajadores del mercado laboral peruano a movilizarse de una ocupación a otra. Para ello, se ha realizado el análisis de la movilidad ocupacional a nivel agregado y específico, utilizando la base de datos ENAHO Panel concerniente al periodo 2014–2018. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación se centra en los modelos de elección discreta, Logit y Probit. Los resultados obtenidos bajo esta metodología muestran que, a nivel agregado, si un trabajador determina que, al cambiar de ocupación, puede obtener un incremento en su salario, entonces la probabilidad de movilizarse se incrementa. Sin embargo, esta relación no se mantiene cuando se analiza transiciones específicas, como es el caso de la movilización de la ocupación empleador a trabajador independiente. / The objective of this work is to identify if the salary variation is a factor that induces workers in the Peruvian labor market to move from one occupation to another. For this, an analysis of occupational mobility has been carried out at an aggregate and specific level, using the database of the ENAHO Panel for the period 2014-2018. The methodology used in this research focuses on discrete choice models, Logit and Probit. The results obtained under this methodology show that, at the aggregate level, if a worker determines that, by changing occupation, he can obtain an increase in his salary, then the probability of mobilizing increases. However, this relationship does not hold when analyzing specific transitions, such as the mobilization of the occupation from employer to self-employed worker. / Trabajo de investigación

Este trabajo de investigación ahonda en uno de los temas más complejos del mercado laboral. Sobre como el tipo de contrataciones laborales impacta en la economía de un país, sobre todo en la productividad de las empresas. Se analiza la dualidad contractual que existe en el mercado laboral, por un lado, contratos temporales y por otro los permanentes, y como estos tienen un efecto significativo en el desarrollo de una economía. Sobre todo, los contratos temporales, por las características que posee, suelen tener más efectos negativos en la productividad de los trabajadores en las empresas o los contratos permanentes que suelen incentivar a una mayor productividad en los trabajadores. Tomando en cuenta datos estadísticos y modelos econométricos, tenemos que el contrato temporal en el sector manufacturero no necesariamente implica una relación negativa con el aumento de la productividad, es mas en ciertos contextos y en determinadas empresas el resultado es completamente opuesto. A base de estudios y modelos internacionales podemos cimentar una base que pueda ayudarnos a entender esta relación de estas dos variables en el mercado laboral. / This research work delves into one of the most complex issues in the labor market. On how the type of labor hires impacts a country's economy, especially productivity of companies. In this paper, the contractual duality that exists in the labor market is analyzed, on the one hand, temporary contracts and on the other hand, permanent contracts, and how these have a significant effect on the development of an economy. Especially, temporary contracts, because of the characteristics they have, tend to have more negative effects on the productivity of large business workers or vice versa in small businesses. Considering statistical data and econometric models, we have that the temporary contract in the manufacturing sector does not necessarily imply a negative relationship with the increase in productivity, it is more in certain contexts and in certain companies the result is completely opposite. Based on international studies and models we can cement a basis that can help us understand this relationship of these two variables in the labor market. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto se basa en una bolsa de empleo enfocada en estudiantes que buscan sus primeras prácticas preprofesionales en base a una investigación que se realizó a universitarios de los sectores A,B y C y reclutadores en el mercado laboral.  Se pudo encontrar la necesidad de los estudiantes en capacitarse en cuanto habilidades de empleabilidad y postular a ofertas de empleo sin la necesidad de llenar un formulario nuevamente, por otro lado, los reclutadores expresaron su deseo de agilizar los procesos de reclutamiento y selección de practicantes mediante filtros avanzados y un mayor alcance a ellos. Para poner en marcha el proyecto se realizaron experimentos de entrevistas a expertos, usuarios, validaciones de intención de compra, un plan financiero y un plan de marketing. Todo ello nos derivó en la validación total del proyecto y los requerimientos para su posterior puesta en marcha a fin de ser una marca referente en el campo de la empleabilidad. / This project is based on a job bank focused on students seeking their first pre-professional internships based on research carried out on university students from sectors A, B and C and recruiters in the labor market. It was possible to find the need for students to train in employability skills and apply for job offers without the need to fill out a form again, on the other hand, recruiters expressed their desire to streamline the recruitment and selection processes of interns through advanced filters and a greater scope to them. To start the project, experiments were carried out with interviews with experts, users, purchase intention validations, a financial plan and a marketing plan. All this led to the total validation of the project and the requirements for its subsequent implementation in order to be a benchmark brand in the field of employability. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia M Marques.pdf: 1193275 bytes, checksum: e6acfc66b07b39c6e0e369d40be17aa9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research investigates the importance that freshmen students of the Administration course from PUC University/Sao Paulo allocates to their professional future projects, as well as the elements and multiple determinants that compose these projects. The transformations our society has gone through the last decades, as the technological advancement, flexibilization processes, precarization of work and the economy globalization have brought changes, which are constituents of the subjectivity of these students. We consider, equally, the ideological speech of continuous qualification and the appeal of economical success as important elements in the constitution of these young students at contemporarity and their future projects. The theoretical methodology reference on which this research is based is that of the Sociohistorical Psychology, represented by the thought of Vigotski. For that, one focal group and two researches were performed. The analysis done consisted on the agglutination of the pre-indicators, that were systematized in indicators, and when articulated and systematized, were confirmed to us by four core meanings. On these we observed young people with an immense difficulty of self-projecting in the future, presenting dreams which are fluid and have a fragile delimitation. They couple their needs to the material benefits they aim, the earning a living , however they do not visualize concrete ways of reaching such desires. They live on the short term, on the present, on the constant desire to enjoy life, and as a consequence these young people end up having poor dreams, lacking motivation, and are saddened, apathetic and incredulous about the future. But paradoxically, they also present some illusion regarding their diploma from PUC, betting on the qualification of a recognized university as a guarantee to the future / Esta pesquisa investiga os sentidos que os jovens estudantes do primeiro ano de graduação de Administração da PUC-SP atribuem aos seus projetos de futuro profissional, bem como os elementos que os compõem e seus múltiplos determinantes. As transformações que nossa sociedade tem sofrido nas últimas décadas, como o avanço tecnológico, os processos de flexibilização e precarização do trabalho e a globalização da economia têm trazido mudanças, que são constitutivas de suas subjetividades. Consideramos, igualmente, o discurso ideológico da qualificação permanente e o apelo ao sucesso econômico elementos importantes na constituição dos jovens na contemporaneidade e em seus projetos de futuro. O referencial teórico metodológico que embasa essa pesquisa é o da Psicologia Sócio Histórica, representada pelo pensamento de Vigotski. Para tanto, foi realizado um grupo focal e duas entrevistas. A análise empreendida consistiu na aglutinação de pré-indicadores, que foram sistematizados em indicadores, os quais, articulados e sistematizados, nos evidenciaram quatro núcleos de significação. Nestes, atentou-se para jovens com imensa dificuldade em projetar-se no futuro, apresentando sonhos fragilmente delineados e fluidos. Atrelam suas necessidades às condições materiais que almejam, o ganhar dinheiro , porém, não visualizam os meios concretos para realizar tais desejos. Vivem no imediatismo, no presente, no desejo constante de aproveitar a vida, trazendo como conseqüência sonhos empobrecidos e jovens desprovidos de motivação, entristecidos, apáticos e descrentes quanto ao futuro. Mas, paradoxalmente, também apresentam uma ilusão quanto ao diploma da PUC, apostando na qualificação em uma universidade reconhecida, como garantia para o futuro