Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410343.pdf: 13919293 bytes, checksum: 29996060345afba52ef3791ff51dfb58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-02 / Objetivos: verificar se crises convulsivas induzidas por hip?xia (CH) s?o capaz de gerar estresse oxidativo no hipocampo de ratos neonatos, e, havendo esta constata??o, analisar se o neuropept?deo NAP exerce atividade antioxidante frente ao dano gerado neste modelo. M?todos: utilizando um modelo animal de CH, investigou-se a forma??o temporal de dano oxidativo em hipocampo imaturo nos diferentes momentos de an?lise (0, 1, 3, 6, 24, 72 e 168 h ap?s aplica??o do respectivo modelo). Somente ratos Wistar com 10 dias de vida, e que apresentaram atividade epileptiforme no EEG caracterizada por pontas de alta frequ?ncia e/ou descargas de polipontas seguidas de atenua??o do ritmo de base (padr?o tipo surto-supress?o) e diminui??o da satura??o de oxig?nio cerebral (StO2 < 20%) durante a hip?xia (5-7% de O2 por 12 min), foram inclu?dos no estudo. Ap?s processamento do tecido hipocampal, ensaio cometa alcalino juntamente com endonucleases (Endo III e Fpg) foi utilizado para detec??o de dano ao DNA e de bases oxidadas. Adicionalmente, n?veis de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e de subst?ncias reativas ao ?cido tiobarbit?rico (TBARS) tamb?m foram verificados. Ap?s ter-se constatado estresse oxidativo hipocampal induzido por CH, ratos neonatos foram administrados via intraperitoneal em dose ?nica de solu??o contendo NAP (0,03, 0,3 ou 3 &#956;g/g) ap?s terem sido submetidos ao respectivo modelo. Para os animais tratados com NAP, somente os momentos de 3, 6 e 24 h foram analisados. Resultados: verificou-se dano ao DNA hipocampal imediatamente ap?s CH (0 h) e at? 72 h, ao passo que oxida??o de purinas e pirimidinas foi detectada apenas entre 3 e 24 h. Verificaram-se n?veis aumentados de TBARS entre 1 e 24 h ap?s aplica??o do modelo de CH, coincidindo com redu??o significativa de GSH durante 3 e 72 h. Neuropept?deo NAP apresentou efeito dose-resposta no restabelecimento da integridade estrutural do DNA hipocampal e membranas lip?dicas, em correla??o ao incremento do sistema glutationa. Conclus?es: a compreens?o dos mecanismos envolvidos no estresse oxidativo associado ?s CH ? etapa fundamental no desenvolvimento de estrat?gias terap?uticas com base na suplementa??o antioxidativa. Desta forma, o neuropept?deo NAP pode se tornar uma terapia vi?vel na preven??o de dano oxidativo cerebral em situa??es de CH.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 423495.pdf: 730049 bytes, checksum: 4639035476798082e647607d7fc5174d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-15 / A asfixia neonatal ? a principal causa de les?o cerebral no per?odo perinatal, tendo como conseq??ncias alta mortalidade e grande n?mero de seq?elas neurol?gicas. Atualmente, v?rias estrat?gias neuroprotetoras est?o sendo avaliadas em modelos animais na tentativa de reduzir a morte celular e melhorar os desfechos neurocomportamentais dos rec?m nascidos, mas os resultados s?o pouco expressivos. Estudos sugerem que o transplante de c?lulas-tronco limitaria a expans?o de les?es e facilitaria o reparo de tecidos lesados, podendo se constituir numa op??o terap?utica em casos de asfixia. Os pesquisadores optaram pelo uso de um modelo em su?nos rec?m-nascidos devido ao f?cil manejo, baixo custo e similaridade de peso e tamanho em rela??o aos beb?s. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo ? analisar de que forma c?lulas-tronco de cord?o umbilical humano, infundidas via intra-arterial entram no c?rebro, sobrevivem neste micro ambiente, e promovem a recupera??o da fun??o neurol?gica ap?s insulto hip?xico-isqu?mico, usando dois tipos diferentes de acessos arteriais. Materiais e m?todos: Foram utilizados 36 su?nos com at? dois dias de vida divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo I (Sham), Grupo II de controle, Grupo III tratado com c?lulas-tronco via art?ria umbilical, e Grupo IV com c?lulas-tronco injetadas pela art?ria car?tida comum. Para a indu??o da asfixia utilizou-se a associa??o simult?nea de procedimentos que causavam hip?xia e isquemia. As c?lulas-tronco foram obtidas a partir de sangue umbilical humano. Com 2, 7, 14 e 21 dias de vida os animais eram examinados e era aplicado um escore neurol?gico. O tecido cerebral de animais tratados com c?lulas tronco que morreram antes de completar 21 dias foi utilizado para pesquisa de PCR para DNA humano. Aos 21 dias os animais sobreviventes eram novamente levados a sala cir?rgica, anestesiados profundamente a fim de serem sacrificados e realizar-se uma perfus?o trans-card?aca com paraformalde?do para a extra??o dos enc?falos. Logo ap?s, era aplicada a t?cnica histol?gica de Nissl e realizada a estimativa de volume encef?lico para avalia??o do grau de les?o cerebral. Resultados:. Aos 21 dias houve diferen?a entre a m?dia dos escores do grupo que recebeu c?lulas pela car?tida quando comparada as dos grupos controle e o que recebeu c?lulas pela art?ria umbilical. Na pesquisa atrav?s de PCR em animais do grupo das c?lulas-tronco pela art?ria car?tida comum foi poss?vel a visualiza??o da banda correspondente ao gene &#946;-globina humano em dois dos quatro animais em diversos pontos de tecido cerebral em amostras obtidas 15 e 24 horas ap?s o procedimento de asfixia. N?o se identificou PCR positivo nas coletas realizadas 7 dias e 15 dias deste mesmo grupo bem como em nenhuma das amostras dos animais do outro grupo pesquisado. N?o houve diferen?a entre as m?dias dos volumes encef?licos nos quatro grupos. O volume cerebral e o peso final dos animais apresentaram uma correla??o positiva moderada. Conclus?o: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a administra??o de c?lulas-tronco de cord?o umbilical humano via art?ria car?tida comum em modelo de hip?xia-isquemia em su?nos est? associada a presen?a de PCR positivo para o gene da &#946;-grobina humana e a uma melhora na fun??o neurol?gica com 3 semanas embora sem evid?ncia de diminui??o da ?rea de les?o.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 433015.pdf: 17216538 bytes, checksum: e8444c6061514da24d7de97d9e76a1ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / Introdu??o: A les?o cerebral hip?xico-isqu?mica neonatal (HI) ? uma das maiores causas de mortalidade e morbidade neurol?gica em crian?as. O sangue do cord?o umbilical humano, rico em c?lulas-tronco adultas, ? uma fonte potencial para a terapia celular em perinatologia. No entanto, apesar do efeito ben?fico mostrado na maioria dos estudos, ainda n?o h? consenso em rela??o ? dose adequada de c?lulas-tronco de cord?o umbilical humano (CTCUH) no tratamento da HI. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos comportamentais e morfol?gicos da administra??o intravenosa de tr?s diferentes doses de CTCUH 8 semanas ap?s a indu??o da HI em ratos rec?m-nascidos. Al?m disso, objetivou-se verificar a presen?a das c?lulas no c?rebro dos animais em estudo 7 dias ap?s o transplante. M?todos: Ratos Wistar de 7 dias de vida foram submetidos ? oclus?o da art?ria car?tida direita seguida por exposi??o a ambiente hip?xico (8% O2) por 2 h. Ap?s 24 h, os ratos foram randomizados em 5 grupos experimentais: ratos cirurgia-simulada; ratos HI que receberam ve?culo (HI + ve?culo); e ratos HI que receberam 1 x 106 (HI + dose baixa), 1 x 107 (HI + dose m?dia); or 1 x 108 (HI + dose alta) CTCUH na veia jugular. A mem?ria de orienta??o espacial foi avaliada atrav?s do labirinto aqu?tico de Morris e, posteriormente, os ratos foram sacrificados para as avalia??es morfol?gicas quantitativas. Adicionalmente, a presen?a das CTCUH no c?rebro dos animais tratados foi verificada atrav?s de t?cnicas de imunofluoresc?ncia e da an?lise de PCR. Resultados: Oito semanas ap?s o transplante, o teste do labirinto aqu?tico de Morris mostrou uma significativa recupera??o da mem?ria de orienta??o espacial nos ratos do grupo HI + dose alta quando comparados aos animais n?o tratados (P < 0,05). Al?m disso, a atrofia cerebral foi significativamente menor nos grupos HI + dose m?dia e alta quando comparados aos animais HI + ve?culo (P < 0,01; 0,001, respectivamente). CTCUH foram localizadas no c?rebro dos ratos que receberam o transplante celular 7 dias ap?s a administra??o intravenosa. Conclus?o: Os resultados mostrados neste estudo revelaram que o transplante intravenoso de CTCUH tem potencial dose-dependente para promover o reparo neuro-tecidual e a est?vel recupera??o cognitiva ap?s les?es hip?xico-isqu?micas.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [584]-599).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGV_TESE.pdf: 4128129 bytes, checksum: ebce1d2816c557119bfc6ec3a006f620 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-18 / The tumor hypoxia modulates a series of genetic changes related to adaptive development, invasion and metastasis of various human cancers, among which squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCT). The objective of this study was to analyze clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical expression by HIF-1&#945;, GLUT-1 and CA-IX in 57 cases of CEL and correlated this expression to clinical parameters and morphological. After a descriptive analysis of data on gender, age, race, and habits of patients, it was found that the results were consistent with the literature. The clinical and morphological parameters analyzed and the expression of these markers of hypoxia were subjected to statistical analysis (Qui2 test), verifying that they can be used as indicators of the biological behavior of CEL. Among the results of this study, we observed that the intensity of expression for HIF-1&#945;, in most cases located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, statistically correlated with clinical staging (p = 0.011) and histological grading (p = 0.002). As for the relationship between the distribution of labeling for HIF-1&#945; and metastasis, the chi-square (Qui2) showed that there was statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.040). 75.8% of the sample who had metastases, there was the predominance of diffuse marking. The immunoexpression cytoplasmic/membrane GLUT-1 showed a statistically significant correlation with the clinical stage (p = 0.002) and histological grading (p = 0.000). Concerning the location of markings for GLUT-1 tumor on the island, there was a predominance of peripheral marking specimens in most low-grade (78.6%). In the sample of high-grade, prevailed the location center/periphery (55.8%). According to the chi-square (Qui2), the location on the island of the tumor (p = 0.025) showed statistically significant difference in histological grading. The immunoreactivity of CA-IX, in most cases located in the membrane and cytoplasm, exhibited a statistically significant correlation with histological grading (p = 0.005). Based on these results, we can conclude a broad participation of these markers of hypoxia in oral carcinogenesis and its possible use as markers of biological behavior and tumor progression in CEL / A hip?xia tumoral modula uma s?rie de mudan?as gen?ticas adaptativas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento, invas?o e met?stase de diversos c?nceres humanos, dentre os quais o carcinoma epiderm?ide de l?ngua (CEL). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma an?lise cl?nica, morfol?gica e imuno-histoqu?mica atrav?s da express?o do HIF-1&#945;, GLUT-1 e da CA-IX em 57 casos de CEL, correlacionando essa express?o ? par?metros cl?nicos e morfol?gicos. Ap?s uma an?lise descritiva dos dados referentes ao sexo, faixa et?ria, ra?a e h?bitos dos pacientes, constatou-se que os resultados encontrados foram condizentes com a literatura. Os par?metros cl?nicos e morfol?gicos analisados e a express?o desses marcadores de hip?xia foram submetidos ? an?lise estat?stica (teste do Qui2), verificando-se que os mesmos podem ser utilizados como indicadores do comportamento biol?gico do CEL. Dentre os resultados da presente pesquisa, observou-se que a intensidade de express?o para o HIF-1&#945;, localizada na maioria dos casos no citoplasma e n?cleo, correlacionou-se estatisticamente com o estadiamento cl?nico (p = 0,011) e grada??o histol?gica (p = 0,002). Quanto ? rela??o entre a distribui??o de marca??o para o HIF-1&#945; e met?stase, o teste qui-quadrado (Qui2) demonstrou haver diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos analisados (p = 0,040). Dos 75,8% da amostra que tinham met?stase, constatou-se a o predom?nio da marca??o difusa. A imunoexpress?o citoplasm?tica/membranar do GLUT-1 exibiu uma correla??o estatisticamente significativa com o estadiamento cl?nico (p = 0,002) e grada??o histol?gica (p = 0,000). Em rela??o ? localiza??o de marca??o para o GLUT-1 na ilha tumoral, evidenciou-se predom?nio da marca??o perif?rica na maioria dos esp?cimes de baixo grau (78,6%). Na amostra de alto grau, prevaleceu a localiza??o centro/periferia (55,8%). De acordo com o teste qui-quadrado (Qui2), a localiza??o na ilha tumoral (p = 0,025) demonstrou haver diferen?as estatisticamente significativas com a grada??o histol?gica. A imunoexpress?o da CA-IX, localizada na maioria dos casos na membrana e citoplasma, exibiu uma correla??o estatisticamente significativa com a grada??o histol?gica (p = 0,005). Com base nestes resultados, pode-se concluir uma ampla participa??o desses marcadores de hip?xia na carcinog?nese oral, bem como a sua poss?vel utiliza??o como marcadores do comportamento biol?gico e da progress?o tumoral em CEL

《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》是三部以公案與俠義題材融合而成的同類型小說，它們保留了公案小說與俠義小說既有的元素，題材融合的原因是時代背景的反映、章回化的演變、理想人物的期待與讀者的欣賞需求。 小說原著以公案為主、俠義為輔。在公案情節上，大多數是延續公案小說的 人命案與賊盜案，以數案相連或案中有案的形式呈現；由於俠義題材的加入，謀叛的政治案件、盜印信、盜內府財物、謀殺朝廷命官與採花大盜犯姦殺人案件逐漸增多。綠林與清官的結合，是俠義情節的中心，主要表現在豪傑投靠、豪傑護主、豪傑破案三方面。小說中官吏，清官特徵漸少，忠臣形象漸多；綠林人物無論是水寇、土匪、紳匪均呈現集團化特性；官俠性格趨向「忠義」，認同當代法律秩序；游俠強調隨機應變、譎詐多端，「從遊戲中生出俠義來」的俠義特徵。小說語言除了訟詞、判詞的沿用，因俠義題材的加入，江湖隱語的使用，加添了小說綠林犯罪情節的真實感。小說原著主題思想除了表現出清官意識、俠義思想，更強調勸善懲惡的傳統思維。小說內容思想表現出非主流社會義的道德觀、任官朝廷的價值觀、建立聲譽的價值觀、追逐眼前利益的價值觀。也反映出當代紳衿階層與皇糧莊頭危害百姓的社會現象以及政治衝突事件。 小說續書呈現俠義興起，公案隱退的局面。《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》三部小說續作的目的，主要有商業、政治、心理三類因素。情節著重在破獲政治叛亂案件、異姓結義、破奇樓奇陣、打擂臺與黑店犯罪，並加入特殊武功、武器、暗器的描寫。小說人物強調英雄與超人的塑造，並製造出魔怪邪惡人物與奇特的綠林女子。江湖隱語繼續沿用，訟詞、判詞僅存於《施公案》中。小說內容由於俠義漸多，官俠重名爭功、嚮往武將官職，綠林犯法露名的觀念成為表現的重點。 《施公案》、《三俠五義》、《彭公案》三部小說中公案隱退，但未絕跡；俠義抬頭，綠林的集團運作，與統治階級聯合打擊綠林同道的小說傳承，由姚民哀的「會黨小說」接班。「會黨小說」小說產生於清末民初綠林的蓬勃、新小說後期的通俗化、武俠與偵探小說獨立的時代，姚民哀以彈評藝人身份，運用評書技巧，從事會黨小說的創作。情節內容以揭露江湖秘聞與會黨秘密為主，小說人物著重描寫習武者與幫會人物，小說語言大量使用江湖隱語與幫會切口，小說內容主要反映出下層社會爭面子的價值觀，與軍閥時期兵匪不分家的社會現象。 / Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An are three similar types of fictions plotted with a fusion of ‘Gong-An’ and chivalry which retain the existing elements of ‘Gong-An’ fictions and chivalry fictions. The fusion of plots is the results from the reflection of time, the transition of contextualization, the expectations for ideal characters and the readers’ need. The originality of the fictions is primarily based on ‘Gong-An’ aided with chivalrous tales. The ‘Gong-An’ plot is mainly a continuation of ‘Gong-An’ fictions’ homicides and thefts presented by means of serial cases or cases within cases. With the addition of chivalrous plots, there are more and more cases of political rebellions, theft of official seals or government property, murder of imperial court officials and raping. The union of bandits and incorruptible officials, presented in the forms of heroes’ defections, protection of masters and breaking of cases, is the center of chivalrous plots. Features of these fictions include that there are more royal court officials than incorruptible officials; that bandits, whether pirates, brigands or evil gentry, demonstrate syndicate characteristics; that knight-errant-turned-court-officials, tending to be loyal, identify themselves with law and and order of that time; that knight-errants, borne ‘chivalry out of wandering in life’, characterize themselves with improvisation and treachery. The diction of these fictions, in addition to using litigators’ phrases, jargons of the underworld and chivalrous plots boosts the virtual reality of fictional crime scenes. Except for demonstrating the incorruptibility of the officials chivalrous ideas, the main themes of these fictions also stresses the traditional ‘do no evil’ teaching. The contents of these fictions reveal not only values of a non-mainstream social moral judgment, of being imperial court officials, of building of good names and of pursuing immediate profits but political clashes and social incidents of common people being intimidated by gentry and imperial agents. The sequels of Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An, showing the rise of chivalry and the fall of ‘Gong-An’, are created for commercial, political and psychological reasons. The plots emphasize heavily on breaking political rebellions, unifying of brethren for justice, cracking booby trapped buildings, winning the fights and striking clip joint with the description of special martial arts, tactics and weaponry. The characters contain not just super heroes and unique females of the underworld, monsters and evil figures are also introduced. The jargons of the underworld continue to be used. However, the litigators’ phrases are only used in Shi Gong-An. More plots features chivalry, knight-errant-turned-court-officials craving for promotion in the military, the underworld’s attempt to challenge the law to be known. ‘Gong-An’ in Shi Gong-An, San Xia Wu Yi and Peng Gong-An gradually diminishes but is never extinct. ‘Syndicate fiction’, created by Yao Ming-ai, who, as a minstrel, using his skills of reviewing books, engages himself in writing that contains a tradition of the rise of chivalry, the functioning of the underworld and the joint operation with ruling class to nail down fellow gang members of the underworld. Syndicate fiction focuses its plots on discovering the secrets of the underworld and the syndicate with an emphasis on illustrating martial arts students and syndicate principals, using numbers of underworld jargons as dialogues, reflecting the underworld’s keen face-saving sense of value and the social phenomena in the warlord period when soldiers and bandits are sometimes hard to differentiate.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaRLAM_TESE.pdf: 3774507 bytes, checksum: 2b9028dcadafe1a4c66e01ba9daab791 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is among the most common malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region, with good prognosis in more than 90% of patients with 5-year survival. In these carcinomas, the development of lymph node metastasis decreases the prognosis and it has been associated with the formation of new lymphatic vessels. It has been suggested the important role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), the receptor type 3 VEGF (VEGFR-3) and hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF-1) in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 and HIF-1? and correlate with intra and peritumoral lymphatic density in squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip metastatic and non-metastatic. The sample consisted of 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of lower lip, of which 25 had regional lymph node metastasis and 25, absence of metastasis. The percentages of cells immunostained for VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 and HIF-1? in front of tumor invasion and in the center of tumor were evaluated. Microvessel density lymphatic (MDL) was determined by the counting of lymph microvessels immunostained by the anti-D2-40 in five fields (200?), in an area of evaluation with 0.7386 mm2. The invasion of the lymph vessels by malignant cells was also evaluated. Immunostaining was correlated with the presence and absence of metastasis, TNM clinical stage, local recurrence, disease outcome (remission of injury or patient death) and histological grading. The analysis of intra and peritumoral lymphatic density showed no significant association with clinicopathological parameters and immunoexpressions of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 and HIF-1? (p > 0,05). There was a weak positive correlation, significant, between intra and peritumoral lymphatic density (r = 0,405; p = 0,004). VEGF-C showed no significant association with clinicopathological and prognosis parameters (p > 0,05). For VEGFR-3, there was scarce membrane staining and intense and homogenous cytoplasmic staining in neoplastic cells. Percentage of positive cytoplasmic VEGFR-3 in center of tumor, exhibited a statistically significant association with metastasis (p = 0,009), patient death (p = 0,008) and histological grades of malignancy proposed by Bryne et al. (1992) (p = 0,002) and World Health Organization (p = 0,003). A low positive correlation was statistically significant between the immunoreactivity of VEGFC and VEGFR-3 cytoplasmic (r = 0,358; p = 0,011) and between the percentage of positive cytoplasmic VEGFR-3 in front of tumor invasion and in the center of the tumor (r = 0,387; p = 0,005) was also demonstrated. There was no association between HIF-1?, clinicopathological and prognosis parameters, and VEGF-C and VEGFR-3. The percentage of nuclear positivity for HIF-1? was significantly higher in cases without invasion of peritumoral lymphatic (p = 0,040). Based on the results we can conclude that most cytoplasmic expression of VEGFR-3 in center of tumor in metastatic cases, high degree of malignancy and poorly differentiated, contributes to poor outcome of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip, including patient death. Intra and peritumoral lymphatic density seems to be not associated with lymph node metastasis in these carcinomas / O carcinoma epiderm?ide de l?bio inferior est? entre as les?es malignas mais comuns da regi?o oral e maxilofacial, com progn?stico bom, em mais de 90% dos pacientes com sobrevida de 5 anos. Nestas les?es, o desenvolvimento de met?stase linfonodal diminui sobremaneira o progn?stico e tem sido associado ? forma??o de novos vasos linf?ticos. Tem sido sugerido o importante papel do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular-C (VEGF-C), do receptor tipo 3 do VEGF (VEGFR-3) e do fator 1 induzido por hip?xia (HIF-1) neste processo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as imunoexpress?es de VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, HIF-1? e a densidade linf?tica intra e peritumoral em carcinomas epiderm?ides de l?bio inferior metast?ticos e n?o-metast?ticos, correlacionando-as com par?metros clinicopatol?gicos e progn?sticos. A amostra foi constitu?da por 50 casos de carcinoma epiderm?ide de l?bio inferior, 25 com met?stase linfonodal regional e 25 sem met?stase. Foram avaliados os percentuais de c?lulas imunomarcadas para os anticorpos anti-VEGF-C, anti-VEGFR-3 e anti-HIF-1?, no front de invas?o e no centro tumoral. A densidade microvascular linf?tica (LMVD) foi estabelecida por meio da soma da contagem de microvasos linf?ticos imunomarcados pelo anticorpo anti-D2-40, em cinco campos (200?), em uma ?rea de avalia??o com 0,7386 mm2. A invas?o dos vasos linf?ticos por c?lulas neopl?sicas tamb?m foi avaliada. A imunomarca??o foi relacionada com a presen?a e aus?ncia de met?stase, estadiamento cl?nico TNM, recidiva local, desfecho da doen?a (remiss?o da les?o ou ?bito dos pacientes) e grada??o histol?gica. A an?lise das densidades linf?ticas intra e peritumorais n?o demonstrou associa??o significativa com os par?metros clinicopatol?gicos, progn?sticos e imunoexpress?es de VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 e HIF-1? (p > 0,05). Houve fraca correla??o positiva, significativa, entre as densidades linf?ticas intra e peritumorais (r = 0,405; p = 0,004). O VEGF-C n?o exibiu associa??o significativa entre os par?metros clinicopatol?gicos e progn?sticos avaliados (p > 0,05). Para o VEGFR-3, houve escassa marca??o membranar e intensa e homog?nea marca??o citoplasm?tica nas c?lulas neopl?sicas. O percentual de positividade citoplasm?tica do VEGFR-3, no centro tumoral, exibiu associa??o estatisticamente significativa com a presen?a de met?stase (p = 0,009), ?bito dos pacientes (p = 0,008) e grada??es histol?gicas de malignidade proposta por Bryne et al. (1992) (p = 0,002) e pela Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de (p = 0,003). Uma fraca correla??o, estatisticamente significativa, entre a imunoexpress?o de VEGF-C e VEGFR-3 citoplasm?tica (r = 0,358; p = 0,011) e entre os percentuais de positividade citoplasm?tica de VEGFR-3 no front de invas?o e no centro tumoral (r = 0,387; p = 0,005) tamb?m foi demonstrada. N?o foi observada associa??o entre o HIF-1? os par?metros clinicopatol?gicos, progn?sticos e o VEGF-C e VEGFR-3. O percentual de positividade nuclear para HIF-1? foi significativamente maior nos casos sem invas?o dos linf?ticos peritumorais (p = 0,040). Com base nos resultados pode-se concluir que a maior express?o citoplasm?tica de VEGFR-3, no centro tumoral, nos casos metast?ticos, de alto grau de malignidade e pobremente diferenciados, contribui para pior evolu??o dos carcinomas epiderm?ides de l?bio inferior, incluindo o ?bito dos pacientes. As densidades linf?ticas intra e peritumorais parecem n?o estar associadas ao densenvolvimento de met?stase linfonodal nestes carcinomas

La science-fiction chinoise contemporaine gagne une attention considérable de la part du milieu académique et du public ces dernières années. Ce mémoire se concentre sur deux écrivains de science-fiction chinoise représentatifs, Han Song 韩松 (1965–) et Xia Jia 夏笳 (1984–), et examine comment leurs œuvres reflètent de manière critique la société moderne (chinoise) à travers trois sujets : l’identité, le genre et la nation. Les textes analysés sont : « The Passengers and The Creator 乘客与创造者 » et « Beauty Hunting Guide 美女狩猎指南 » de Han Song, « Goodnight, Melancholy 晚安忧郁 » et « A Hundred Ghosts Parade Tonight 百鬼夜行街 » de Xia Jia. En s’appuyant sur les théories en matière de la subjectivité et du langage ainsi que sur les critiques posthumanistes, le premier chapitre montre que les écrits de Han Song et Xia Jia réfutent le point de vue métaphysique de la possession de soi et produisent une vision critique de la subjectivité humaniste (anthropocentrique). Basé sur la discussion de la politique d’identité dans le premier chapitre, la deuxième partie du mémoire porte sur les représentations de genre dans « Goodnight, Melancholy » et « Beauty Hunting Guide ». Ces deux textes révèlent la construction sociale du genre à travers une narration hautement spéculative. « Goodnight, Melancholy » intègre subtilement la critique de l’hétéronormativité dans l’histoire, et « Beauty Hunting Guide » critique la violence et la consommation interhumaine dans la société moderne (chinoise) d’une manière similaire au « A Madman’s Diary 狂人日記 » de Lu Xun. En discutant les discours sur l’État- nation et le sinofuturisme, nous démontrons au troisième chapitre que les nouvelles de Han Song et Xia Jia illustrent pleinement l’ambivalence du concept de « Chineseness ». En un mot, ce mémoire aborde le pouvoir épistémologique des œuvres de Han Song et Xia Jia qui nous permet de reconceptualiser ce que nous comprenons comme « réalité ». / Contemporary Chinese science fiction has gained considerable attention from academics and the public in recent years. This thesis focuses on two representative Chinese science fiction writers, Han Song 韩松 (1965–) and Xia Jia 夏笳 (1984–), and examines how their works critically reflect on modern (Chinese) society through three topics: identity, gender, and nation. The texts analyzed are: Han Song’s “The Passengers and The Creator 乘客与创造者” and “Beauty Hunting Guide 美 女狩猎指南,” Xia Jia’s “Goodnight, Melancholy 晚安忧郁” and “A Hundred Ghosts Parade Tonight 百鬼夜行街.” Relying on theories about subjectivity and language as well as posthumanist critics, I argue in the first chapter that Han Song and Xia Jia’s writings refute the metaphysical view of self-possession and produce a critical vision of humanistic (anthropocentric) subjectivity. Based on the discussion of identity politics in Chapter One, the second chapter focuses on gender representations in “Goodnight, Melancholy” and “Beauty Hunting Guide.” I contend that these two texts reveal the social construction of gender through highly speculative storytelling. “Goodnight, Melancholy” subtly integrates the criticism of heteronormativity into the story, while “Beauty Hunting Guide” critiques the violence and inter-human consumption in modern (Chinese) society in a way similar to Lu Xun’s “A Madman’s Diary 狂人日記.” By discussing discourses about nation-state and Sinofuturism, I demonstrate in Chapter Three that Han Song and Xia Jia’s novels fully reveal the ambivalence of the concept of “Chineseness.” In a word, this thesis addresses the epistemological power of Han Song and Xia Jia’s works that allows us to reconceptualize what we understand as “reality.”

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