L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier l’intégration, la didactisation et la modification de la théorie ramiste, de son statut et de sa finalité dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle en France, à travers les ouvrages didactiques sur l’écriture musicale. Elle vise à comprendre et à expliquer, d’une part, le remplacement des ouvrages théoriques de Rameau par des ouvrages de ses interprètes et, d’autre part, le rejet de la théorie de la basse fondamentale au début du XIXe siècle. La première partie de la thèse présente l’œuvre théorique de Rameau, la réception, l’interprétation et la propagation de son système par ses contemporains. Dans une deuxième partie, la pratique des partisans ramistes est située dans son contexte (scientifique, socio culturel, éducatif, philosophique et didactique), pour examiner la démarche de ces auteurs, esquisser une typologie de leurs ouvrages et déterminer la place qu’ils occupent dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Enfin, la troisième partie, consacrée à l’analyse des ouvrages didactiques, cherche à faire émerger le rôle de ces médiateurs dans le devenir paradoxal de la théorie ramiste et à dégager les transformations théoriques et didactiques de cette théorie ainsi que les facteurs influençant positivement ou négativement son interprétation et sa diffusion. / This work is concerned with the analysis of the integration, didactisation and modification of Rameau’s theory, as well as of its status and definiteness in the second half of the XVIIIth century in France, via the study of the didactic treatises on music. This thesis aims in understanding and explaining, first, the substitution of the theoretical works of Rameau by the studies of its interpreters, and second, the rejection of the fundamental bass theory in the beginning of the XIXth century. More specifically, the first part of the thesis presents the theoretical work of Rameau, in particular, the reception, interpretation and transmission of his system by his contemporaries. In the second part of the thesis, the practice of Rameau’s supporters is put into context (scientific, socio-cultural, educational, philosophical and didactic), in order to investigate the reasoning of these authors, to outline the typology of their treatises and to determine the significance of their work in the second half of the XVIIIth century. Finally, the third part of this thesis deals with the analysis of the didactic works on music and attempts to bring out the role of Rameau propagators to the paradoxical fate of Rameau’s theory in order to remove its theoretical and didactic transformations as well as to reveal and eliminate the positive or negative influential factors of its interpretation and diffusion.

L’Écosse du XVIIIe siècle connaît de grands changements qui seront à l’aune des transformations socio-économiques sous-tendant sa Révolution industrielle. L’historiographie sur le sujet est divisée entre deux visions du développement – nommées pour le bienfait de cette étude traditionnelle et révisionniste – à savoir si ces transformations valident la notion d’une « révolution agraire ». Cette étude propose une recension de ces deux courants et propose d’appliquer leur analyse sur une région circonscrite, l’Aberdeenshire. À l’aide de l’Old Statistical Account, source majeure pour l’étude de l’histoire moderne écossaise, nous tenterons de démontrer que le caractère particulier du développement des régions ne correspond pas à l’application des conclusions nationales. Nous accorderons une attention spéciale à la propriété foncière, à l’impact des enclosures et à la temporalité des changements. De par ses spécificités, et son retard de modernisation agraire et agricole, nous croyons que la région suit le schéma dressé par les historiens révisionnistes, c.-à-d. des changements structurels s’étendant sur un temps long et ne s’inscrivant pas directement dans la période 1755-1815, traditionnellement désignée comme « révolution agraire ». Il s’agirait plutôt d’une adaptation partielle et originale des nouvelles idées mises de l’avant par les protagonistes de la modernisation. / During the eighteenth century, Scotland underwent numerous structural changes that ultimately led to its entry into the Industrial Revolution. Concerning its historiography, there is an ongoing debate between two factions – named for the purpose of this study traditionalists and revisionists – in order to determine the validity of the “Agricultural revolution” notion of development. This study aims to explore both visions and to apply their conclusions to a particular region, in this case Aberdeenshire. Using the Old Statistical Account, one of the major documentary resources concerning Scottish modern history, we will try to demonstrate that the regional experience of development differs from the general assertions applied to Scotland. We will focus on land property, the impact of enclosures and the timeframe of the changes. Owing to its specific characteristics, we believe that the entry of Aberdeenshire into agricultural modernity followed the path of long-term structural changes, as favoured by the writers of the revisionist persuasion. In other words, this region did not experience but more or less adapted the new ideas and techniques to its own particular characteristics.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Esta dissertação parte de dois eixos de investigação: um deles é Crisanto Neranda, um Guarani letrado das missões jesuíticas do Paraguai, membro de uma congregação e integrante da administração da redução de São Luís; o outro, um relato escrito que é atribuído a esse sujeito. Esse registro narra as situações que Crisanto teria vivenciado no ano de 1754 após ser capturado por portugueses durante os conflitos conhecidos como “Guerra Guaranítica”, que estão associados à demarcação do Tratado de Madri (1750). O texto, no entanto, não se restringe a esse momento específico, pois o relato foi instrumentalizado por diversos outros personagens, se vinculando também a conjunturas posteriores. A primeira parte deste estudo examina a trajetória do documento, com o objetivo de compreender como ele foi difundido e conservado, e o papel desempenhado não apenas pelo “autor” da narrativa, mas também por aqueles que se encarregaram de copiá-la, traduzi-la e citá-la. As seções seguintes buscam identificar quem foi Crisanto Neranda e quais lugares ocupava no contexto reducional, bem como o conteúdo comunicado pelo relato, as formas pelas quais faz isso, as motivações para sua produção e quais seriam os seus possíveis destinatários, visando observar como esses aspectos se relacionavam ao manuseio do seu testemunho por outros sujeitos e ao caráter de “autor” que é conferido a esse indígena da redução de São Luís. A análise desse caso possibilita, assim, o estabelecimento de considerações acerca dos usos da escrita e das possibilidades apresentadas por essa tecnologia no contexto da fronteira americana meridional entre os impérios ibéricos na segunda metade do século XVIII. / This dissertation departs from two lines of investigation: one of them is Crisanto Neranda, a Guaraní from the missions of Paraguay who was a literate member and administrator at the Jesuit reduction of São Luís, and also belonged to a congregation; the other, a written report that is attributed to this person. This record narrates the situations that Crisanto would have experienced in the year of 1754 after being captured by the Portuguese army during the conflicts known as “Guaraní War”, related to the demarcation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750). This text, however, is not restricted to this specific moment, because the report was utilized by several other characters, and is also linked to later conjunctures. The first part of this study examines the document’s trajectory, with the objective of understandig how it was widespread and preserved, and the role played not only by its “author”, but also by those who took charge of translating, copying and citing it. The following sections seek to identify who was Crisanto Neranda and which places he ocuppied in the context of the mission, as well as the content communicated by the report, the ways in which it does this, the motivations for its production, and which would be its possible recipients, aiming to observe how these aspects were related to the handling of the testimony by other subjects and to the character of “author” that is conferred to this native of the reduction of São Luís. The analysis of this case makes it possible to establish considerations about the uses of writing and the possibilities presented by this technology in the context of the southern American frontier between the Iberian empires in the second half of the eighteenth century.

Este estudio trata de los ritos, costumbres y gustos en las diferentes fases de la vida de los individuos de Murcia y Cartagena durante los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV y del tipo de posesiones a las que tuvieron acceso en lo relativo al vestido, el adorno y el modo de decorar y amueblar la salas de recibir de las viviendas. Artículos indispensables para abordar en qué medida impactaron las modas y usos extranjeros en una sociedad en que la apariencia y la sociabilidad se convirtieron en requisitos indispensables para exhibir lo que se quería demostrar ante los demás. Aspectos que ahondan en la cotidianeidad e identidad de los antiguos pobladores de dos ciudades pertenecientes al mismo Reino con semejanzas y diferencias entre sí en una etapa de cambios y permanencias, de modernidad y tradición. / This study deals with the rituals, customs and tastes in the different phases of life of individuals from Murcia and Cartagena during the reigns of Carlos III and Carlos IV and with the kind of belongings which they had access to as regards clothing, adornment and how to decorate and refurnish the receiving rooms of the houses. Articles necessary to address the extent of the impact if foreign fashions and customs in a society where the appearance and sociability became prerequisites to show off what they wanted to demonstrate to others. Aspects that delve into the everyday and identity of the ancient inhabitants of two towns belonging to the same kingdom with similarities and differences among them in a time of change and permanence, of modernity and tradition.

L’Écosse du XVIIIe siècle connaît de grands changements qui seront à l’aune des transformations socio-économiques sous-tendant sa Révolution industrielle. L’historiographie sur le sujet est divisée entre deux visions du développement – nommées pour le bienfait de cette étude traditionnelle et révisionniste – à savoir si ces transformations valident la notion d’une « révolution agraire ». Cette étude propose une recension de ces deux courants et propose d’appliquer leur analyse sur une région circonscrite, l’Aberdeenshire. À l’aide de l’Old Statistical Account, source majeure pour l’étude de l’histoire moderne écossaise, nous tenterons de démontrer que le caractère particulier du développement des régions ne correspond pas à l’application des conclusions nationales. Nous accorderons une attention spéciale à la propriété foncière, à l’impact des enclosures et à la temporalité des changements. De par ses spécificités, et son retard de modernisation agraire et agricole, nous croyons que la région suit le schéma dressé par les historiens révisionnistes, c.-à-d. des changements structurels s’étendant sur un temps long et ne s’inscrivant pas directement dans la période 1755-1815, traditionnellement désignée comme « révolution agraire ». Il s’agirait plutôt d’une adaptation partielle et originale des nouvelles idées mises de l’avant par les protagonistes de la modernisation. / During the eighteenth century, Scotland underwent numerous structural changes that ultimately led to its entry into the Industrial Revolution. Concerning its historiography, there is an ongoing debate between two factions – named for the purpose of this study traditionalists and revisionists – in order to determine the validity of the “Agricultural revolution” notion of development. This study aims to explore both visions and to apply their conclusions to a particular region, in this case Aberdeenshire. Using the Old Statistical Account, one of the major documentary resources concerning Scottish modern history, we will try to demonstrate that the regional experience of development differs from the general assertions applied to Scotland. We will focus on land property, the impact of enclosures and the timeframe of the changes. Owing to its specific characteristics, we believe that the entry of Aberdeenshire into agricultural modernity followed the path of long-term structural changes, as favoured by the writers of the revisionist persuasion. In other words, this region did not experience but more or less adapted the new ideas and techniques to its own particular characteristics.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

El presente trabajo pretende construir un fragmento de la historia de los conflictos entre hombres y mujeres a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, desvelar la vida cotidiana o costumbres de una parte de la sociedad catalana, explicar las disputas prematrimoniales (incumplimiento de la promesa de matrimonio), sus influencias en el matrimonio (en el caso de que se celebrara el enlace), analizar el divorcio tal como se entendía en la época, sus facetas (divorcio formal e informal), poner de manifiesto los mecanismos de divorcio e insistir sobre sus modalidades ("separación interina, divorcio temporal y divorcio perpetuo"), sus consecuencias e implicaciones (el secuestro femenino generalmente realizado en casa de familiares o amigos; la reclusión femenina y masculina en una institución caritativa o penitenciaria (en caso de delitos matrimoniales); el reparto de los bienes, la restitución de la dote, la pensión alimenticia, la custodia de los hijos, etc. Para explicar el proceso de liberalidad que se estaba produciendo en torno al divorcio y a las promesas de matrimonio, y por ende los cambios de actitud relativos al matrimonio y a las relaciones de géneros, hemos recurrido a la bibliografía relacionada con el contexto histórico, social y económico de la época, de la información de los archivos judiciales y eclesiásticos (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) así como de la documentación procedente del Arxiu Històric de la Casa de Misericòrdia de Barcelona, de la Fundació Arxiu Històric de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu y de l'Arxiu Històric de la Biblioteca de Catalunya. / This work aims at recreating a piece of the history related to the conflicts between men and women between the end of the XVIIIth and the begining of the XIXth centuries in Catalonia. It pretends to reveal the everyday life and customs of a part of the catalan society, to explain the conflicts previous to marriage (violation of the marriage promise) and its influences on marriage (when the marriage union is celebrated), to analyze the divorce as it was understood in that time, and its multiple points of view (formal and informal divorce). We want to reveal the divorce mechanisms and its modalities ("interim separation, temporary divorce and permanent divorce"), its consequences and implications (the feminine kidnap typically carried out in a relative or friend's home; reclusion in a charity or penitentiary institution in case of marriage delicts); properties partitioning, the dowry devolution, nutritional allowance, children custody, etc. We have used the bibliography contained in juridical and clerical archives (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) as well as documents of the Hospicio de Barcelona and Hospital de la Santa Cruz, relating the historical, social and economical context of that time in order to better explain the liberality process that was being developed around divorce and marriage promises, and therefore the attitude changes relating marriage and gender relationships.

Esta dissertação parte de dois eixos de investigação: um deles é Crisanto Neranda, um Guarani letrado das missões jesuíticas do Paraguai, membro de uma congregação e integrante da administração da redução de São Luís; o outro, um relato escrito que é atribuído a esse sujeito. Esse registro narra as situações que Crisanto teria vivenciado no ano de 1754 após ser capturado por portugueses durante os conflitos conhecidos como “Guerra Guaranítica”, que estão associados à demarcação do Tratado de Madri (1750). O texto, no entanto, não se restringe a esse momento específico, pois o relato foi instrumentalizado por diversos outros personagens, se vinculando também a conjunturas posteriores. A primeira parte deste estudo examina a trajetória do documento, com o objetivo de compreender como ele foi difundido e conservado, e o papel desempenhado não apenas pelo “autor” da narrativa, mas também por aqueles que se encarregaram de copiá-la, traduzi-la e citá-la. As seções seguintes buscam identificar quem foi Crisanto Neranda e quais lugares ocupava no contexto reducional, bem como o conteúdo comunicado pelo relato, as formas pelas quais faz isso, as motivações para sua produção e quais seriam os seus possíveis destinatários, visando observar como esses aspectos se relacionavam ao manuseio do seu testemunho por outros sujeitos e ao caráter de “autor” que é conferido a esse indígena da redução de São Luís. A análise desse caso possibilita, assim, o estabelecimento de considerações acerca dos usos da escrita e das possibilidades apresentadas por essa tecnologia no contexto da fronteira americana meridional entre os impérios ibéricos na segunda metade do século XVIII. / This dissertation departs from two lines of investigation: one of them is Crisanto Neranda, a Guaraní from the missions of Paraguay who was a literate member and administrator at the Jesuit reduction of São Luís, and also belonged to a congregation; the other, a written report that is attributed to this person. This record narrates the situations that Crisanto would have experienced in the year of 1754 after being captured by the Portuguese army during the conflicts known as “Guaraní War”, related to the demarcation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750). This text, however, is not restricted to this specific moment, because the report was utilized by several other characters, and is also linked to later conjunctures. The first part of this study examines the document’s trajectory, with the objective of understandig how it was widespread and preserved, and the role played not only by its “author”, but also by those who took charge of translating, copying and citing it. The following sections seek to identify who was Crisanto Neranda and which places he ocuppied in the context of the mission, as well as the content communicated by the report, the ways in which it does this, the motivations for its production, and which would be its possible recipients, aiming to observe how these aspects were related to the handling of the testimony by other subjects and to the character of “author” that is conferred to this native of the reduction of São Luís. The analysis of this case makes it possible to establish considerations about the uses of writing and the possibilities presented by this technology in the context of the southern American frontier between the Iberian empires in the second half of the eighteenth century.

Le 9 octobre 1733, une circulaire du Chancelier Henri-François d’Aguesseau est envoyée à l’ensemble des intendants et des procureurs généraux du royaume. C’est le début des « états des crimes dignes de mort ou de peines afflictives », une enquête réalisée sur près de soixante-dix ans et qui a pour but de contrôler l’activité des officiers de justice. Sa réalisation et son exploitation mettent en lumière le travail de la monarchie administrative, qu’il s’agisse des instances gouvernementales comme la chancellerie ou de l’administration provinciale (intendants et subdélégués). Elle nous informe aussi sur les relations entre les différents acteurs (officiers et administrateurs) qui interviennent au cours de sa réalisation. Enfin, en s’intéressant aux crimes graves, cette enquête nous interroge sur la manière d’appréhender et de définir le crime au XVIIIe siècle tout en nous offrant une vision globale de la criminalité en France. / On October 9, 1733, a circular from Chancellor Henri-Francois d'Aguesseau is sent to the whole of the intendants and attorneys general of the kingdom. This is the beginning of the « états des crimes dignes de mort ou de peines affictives », a survey carried out for nearly seventy years and which aims to control the activity of the officers of justice. Its realization and exploitation inform us about the work of the administrative monarchy, be it governmental bodies such as the Chancery or the provincial administration (intendants and subdelegates). It also informs us about the relations between the various actors (officers of justice and administrators) that intervene during its realization. Finally, by investigating serious crimes, this survey questions us about grasping and defining crime in the eighteenth century while offering us a global view of criminalty in France.