Våldsbrott i det svenska samhället är ett socialt problem som har ökat markant. Denna uppsats undersöker vad som gör att unga män är mer benägna till att begå våldsbrott än unga kvinnor. Studien grundar sig i åtta olika individers erfarenhet och upplevelser inom områden som innefattar polis, socialtjänst, skola, skyddsjour och tidigare kriminella. I uppsatsen tillämpas hermeneutiken för att förstå deltagarnas levda livsvärld. Uppsatsen utgår från en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer agerar underlag. I analysen används teorierna om maskulinitet av Raewyn Connell, sociala band av Thomas Scheff, Thomas Scheff & Suzanne Retzingers teori om emotioner och våld, samt Travis Hirschis sociala bandteori i social kontrollteori. Motivation och drivkrafter till våld som kommer fram i resultatet är bland annat manskonstruktioner, socialiseringsprocesser, diverse känslor och eftersträvan av materiell rikedom. Uppsatsen har stor betydelse för att främja social hållbarhet i samhället. Detta genom att upprätthålla social ordning, trygghet och trivsel. Genom att analysera och förstå de sociala, kulturella och strukturella faktorer som bidrar till unga mäns våldsbrott bidrar uppsatsen till ökad kunskap inom området. / Violent crime in Swedish society is a social problem that has increased significantly. This essay examines what makes young men more likely to commit violent crimes than young women. The study is based on the experience and experiences of eight different individuals in areas that include the police, social services, schools, shelters and former criminals. In the essay, hermeneutics is applied to understand the lived life world of the participants. The essay is based on a qualitative approach where semi-structured qualitative interviews act as a basis. The analysis uses the theories of masculinity by Raewyn Connell, social bonds by Thomas Scheff, Thomas Scheff & Suzanne Retzinger's theory of emotions and violence, and Travis Hirschi's social bond theory in social control theory. Motivation and driving forces for violence that emerge in the result are, among other things, male constructions, socialization processes, various emotions and the pursuit of material wealth. The essay is of great importance for promoting social sustainability in society. This is by maintaining social order, safety and well-being. By analyzing and understanding the social, cultural and structural factors that contribute to young men's violent crime, the essay contributes to increased knowledge in the field.

Kläder är inte bara ett funktionellt måste för oss människor, utan fungerar även som ett verktyg för att uttrycka vår identitet och självbild. Genom att konsumera kläder kan vi kommunicera personlighet, värderingar och känslor till omvärlden, och genom klädval kan vi skapa en känsla av samhörighet med andra som delar våra klädstilar och preferenser. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur unga män konsumerar kläder i relation till sin identitet och självbild, samt hur kläder kan användas som ett verktyg för identitetsskapande. För att besvara syftet formulerades två forskningsfrågor; “Hur använder och betraktar män i åldrarna 18-25 kläder som en del av sin självbild och identitetsskapande?” och “Hur påverkar detta deras konsumtion av kläder?”. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod där 13 semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes. Det teoretiska ramverket som har lagt grunden för denna studie baserades främst på modellerna “Theory of Planned Behavior” (Ajzen 1991) och “Consumer Decision Model” (Bray 2008), samt boken Social Psychology of Dress (Lennon et. al 2017). Vidare har teoretiska perspektiv som Simmels "trickle-down-theory" (1904), Papyrina’s tankar om konformitet och distinktion (2012), Östberg och Graffman ´s bok om konsumtionssamhället och människans vilja att förbli unik (2018) samt González’s och Bovine’s idéer om assimilering och social distinktion (2012) använts vid genomförandet av studien. Resultatet visade att unga män konsumerar kläder med syftet att uppnå både konformitet och distinktion. Deras klädval påverkas av hur de vill bli uppfattade av omgivningen, samt deras egna känslor, där motiv som att vara trendig och se bekväm ut framträdde. En annan viktig faktor vid klädkonsumtion är att anpassa sig utifrån förändringar i ens identitet över tid, även om det ibland kan begränsas av hinder, däribland ekonomiska, etiska och tidsrelaterade. / Clothing is not only a functional necessity for us humans but also serves as a tool for expressing our identity and self-image. By consuming clothes, we can communicate personality, values, and emotions to the world, and through clothing choices, we can create a sense of belonging with others who share our clothing styles and preferences. The purpose of this study was to examine how young men consume clothing in relation to their identity and self-image, and how clothing can be used as a tool for identity formation. To answer the purpose, two research questions were formulated: "How do men between the ages 18-25 use and perceive clothing as part of their self-image and identity formation?" and "How does this affect their clothing consumption?" The study was conducted using a qualitative method, with 13 semi-structured interviews. The theoretical framework that has underpinned this study is primarily based on the models "Theory of Planned Behavior" (Ajzen 1991) and "Consumer Decision Model" (Bray 2008), as well as the book "Social Psychology of Dress" (Lennon et al. 2017). Furthermore, theoretical perspectives such as Simmel's "trickle-down theory" (1904), Papyrina's thoughts on conformity and distinction (2012), Östberg and Graffman's book on consumer society and the human desire to remain unique (2018), and González and Bovine's ideas about assimilation and social distinction (2012) were used in the implementation of the study. The results showed that young men consume clothing with the aim of both achieving conformity and distinction. Their clothing choices are influenced by how they want to be perceived by their environment, as well as their own feelings, with motives such as being trendy and feeling comfortable emerging. Another important factor in clothing consumption is adapting to changes in one's identity over time, although it can sometimes be limited by obstacles, including economic, ethical, and time-related constraints.

As rates of HIV transmission have accelerated in Kazakhstan over the past ten years, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kazakhstan have experienced a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic, including a seven-fold increase in HIV prevalence. Earlier age of first sexual activity (i.e., earlier sexual debut) has been associated with long-term health trajectories among MSM at risk of HIV, however, no previous research has examined associations between earlier sexual debut and HIV-related risk factors among MSM in Kazakhstan. This dissertation tests hypotheses examining whether earlier sexual debut is associated with the following factors associated with HIV infection during adulthood among MSM in Kazakhstan: substance use, exchange sex, and experiences of anti-gay violence. Study data were obtained through a NIDA-funded clinical trial of a behavioral intervention seeking to increase the engagement of MSM who use substances in Kazakhstan in the HIV care continuum. Findings indicate that earlier sexual debut is significantly associated with increased risk of substance use, exchange sex behaviors, and experiences of anti-gay victimization among MSM in Kazakhstan. Future research should examine the contexts of MSM’s sexual debut, including whether this experience was consensual or involved other forms of adverse childhood events. Policy recommendations include increased access to sexual and gender expansive-inclusive comprehensive sexual education, and anti-discrimination policies. Clinical considerations include trauma-informed HIV prevention resources for MSM that recognizes that individuals seeking care may have complex, intersecting, and marginalized life histories, including experiences of violence across the life course.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka socialarbetares erfarenheter av pojkar och unga mäns roller som offer och förövare i en hederskontext och vilka stödinsatser som finns att få. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie där åtta socialarbetare med erfarenhet av pojkar och unga män i en hederskontext intervjuades. En av respondenterna arbetade inom en ideell organisation. Det teoretiska ramverket som används för denna studie blev ett intersektionellt perspektiv, gräsrotsbyråkrati samt maskulinitetsteori för att kunna besvara studiens syfte samt frågeställningar. Vidare användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att tematisera innehållet av intervjuerna för att sedan kunna analysera dem tillsammans med relevant tidigare forskning samt teori.    Slutsatsen av studien är att adekvata stödinsatser samt forskning rörande pojkar och unga män i en hederskontext är begränsat samt bristande och är i ett stort behov av att utvecklas. Socialarbetares handlingsutrymme påverkas av utbildnings- och kompetensnivå. Brist på kompetens och kunskap visade sig kunna försvåra stödet till pojkar och unga män som lever i hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Det framkom också att det är svårt att nå dessa pojkar och unga män vilket försvårar socialarbetares möjligheter att ingripa. / The aim of the study is to investigate social workers' experiences of boys and young men's roles as victims and perpetrators in an honor context and what interventions are available. The study is a qualitative interview study in which eight social workers with experience of working with boys and young men in an honor context were interviewed. One of the respondents worked within a non-profit organization. The theoretical framework used for this study was an intersectional perspective, grassroots bureaucracy and masculinity theory in order to answer the study's purpose and questions. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis was used to thematize the content of the interviews in order to then analyze them together with relevant previous research and theory.   The conclusion of the study is that adequate interventions and research concerning boys and young men in an honorable context is limited and lacking and is in great need of development. Social workers' leeway is affected by level of education and competence. A lack of competence and knowledge proved to be able to make it difficult to support boys and young men who live in honor-related violence and oppression. It also emerged that it is difficult to reach these boys and young men, which makes it difficult for social workers to intervene.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology in Nursing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / Introduction Teenage pregnancy is a socioeconomic challenge and an important public health problem for communities in South Africa. Considerable research has been done on teenage pregnancy in South Africa but it focused mostly on teenage girls. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to explore and describe young males’ perceptions, to identify the roles they play in this phenomenon and to determine the factors that influence their perceptions as well as their practices regarding teenage pregnancy. Methodology A qualitative, explorative, descriptive design was used to conduct the study. The study was guided by the Johnson Behavioural Model System. The study population consisted of young males who were studying at the Free State School of Nursing. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 10 participants. The four major themes emerged from data obtained were as follows: Theme 1: Perceptions regarding teenage pregnancies, Theme 2: Risk factors leading to teenage pregnancies, Theme 3: Cultural and traditional practices influencing perceptions about teenage pregnancies, Theme 4: Measures to prevent teenage pregnancies. Thematic analysis of data was done. Results The findings of this study revealed that young males were not involved in reproductive health programmes aiming to prevent teenage pregnancies. They lacked knowledge regarding the use of, and the available types of contraceptives. Cultural and traditional practices such as misinterpreting circumcision and cultural beliefs, including misconceptions about sexual practices, played a crucial role such as not using contraceptives during sexual intercourse that could lead to teenage pregnancy. This study recommends that young males need to be actively involved in reproductive health.

Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Heideveld, a suburb that forms part of the “Cape Flats”, is plagued by high levels of crime, gangsterism, unemployment and relative poverty. I became specifically interested in the occupations of the young men in Heideveld, as I often observed them loitering in the streets, at an age when they should have been in school, studying or starting a career. This led me to wonder about the repertoire of occupations that they had performed over the course of their lives, i.e. their occupational-life-trajectories. I became interested in the influence that the environment and their personal attributes had on the occupations that they performed over time. Guided by the Person-Environment-Occupation model as a conceptual tool I decided to explore the occupational-life-trajectories of men between the ages of 20 and 25 throughout the course of their life, up to their current age. At the organisation where I volunteered during my time in Heideveld, there was a weekly programme for the children and young women (aged 12 to 22), but nothing for young men, which prompted my interest in doing research about this age group. My initial thinking was to form the theoretical basis from which an occupation-based intervention group could be developed. I intended to explore what had motivated occupational participation throughout their lives, how certain occupations developed over time and the influence of the environment on their occupations. Snowball sampling was applied to gain access to the participants. Using a qualitative approach I combined a method called PhotoVoice with individual, narrative interviews, in order to collect data on the occupational-life-trajectories of five young men from Heideveld. PhotoVoice is a participant-based method that allowed the interviewees to take photos of occupations that they have performed throughout their lives. The photographs were used to facilitate the interview process along with two or three guiding questions. Within-case and cross-case analysis were used to find themes that pertained to the aims of the study. I uncovered five themes in my analysis: “Ons gee nie krag weg nie/We don’t give away power”, “Ons het saam geloop/We ‘hang out’ together”, “Ek het baie probleme by die huis gehet/I had many problems at home”, “Die lewe is swaar hier buite/Life is hard out here” and “Ek wil net uit hierdie plek kom/I just want to get away from this place”. I found that the environment played a large role in the occupational-life-trajectories of the participants. I also found that the participants’ sense of masculinity, gender and identity affected their occupational choices and participation. I explain the peer nature and motivational factors influencing gangsterism and drug use as they manifested in the young men’s lives. I concluded that an occupation-based intervention programme might address certain aspects such as occupational choice and exposure, but that wider, more long-lasting intervention was necessary to truly make a difference in the occupational-life-trajectories of young men in Heideveld. After taking the support structures in the physical environment into consideration, recommendations were made in terms of the family unit, the peer group, education, skills training and community empowerment. Furthermore, as the organisation already serves boys between 10 and 14 years and a greater impact may be possible at this life stage, more detailed recommendations were developed regarding a possible occupational therapy intervention programme. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Heideveld, ‘n voorstad wat deel vorm van die Kaapse Vlaktes, gaan gebuk onder hoë vlakke van misdaad, bende bedrywighede, werkloosheid en relatiewe armoede. Ek het ‘n spesifieke belangstelling ontwikkel in die “occupations”¹ van die jong mans in Heideveld, omdat ek dikwels waargeneem het dat hulle in the strate drentel, op’n ouderdom wat hulle op skool moes gewees het, besig om te studeer, of om ‘n loopbaan to begin. Dit het my laat wonder oor die verskillende “occupations” waaraan hulle deelneem gedurende hulle lewens, m.a.w. hulle “occupational-life-trajectories²”. Ek was geïnteresseerd oor die invloed wat die omgewing en hulle persoonlike eienskappe gehad het op die “occupations” waarin hulle oor ‘n tydperk deelgeneem het. Gelei deur die “Person-Environment-Occupation” model as ‘n konseptuele instrument, het ek besluit om die “occupational-life-trajectories” van mans tussen die ouderdomme van 20 en 25, gedurende die tydperk van hulle lewens tot en met hul huidige ouderdomme, te bestudeer. By die organisasie waar ek ‘n vrywilliger was gedurende my tyd in Heideveld, was daar ‘n weeklikse program vir kinders en jonger vrouens (vanaf ouderdom 12 tot 22), maar niks vir jong mans nie. Dit het gelei tot my belangstelling om navorsing omtrent hierdie ouderdomsgroep te doen. My aanvanklike gedagtes was om ‘n teoretiese basis te vorm waarvandaan ‘n “occupation”-gebaseerde intervensie-program ontwikkel kon word. Ek wou die motivering agter die jong mans se “occupational”-deelname, hoe sekere “occupations” oor tyd ontiwkkel en die invloed van die omgewing op hul “occupations” verken. Sneeubalsteekproeftrekking is gebruik om toegang tot die deelnemers te kry. Deur ‘n kwalitatiewe benadering te gebruik, het ek ‘n metode genaamd “PhotoVoice” met individuele, narratiewe onderhoude gekombineer, om data te versamel omtrent die “occupational-life-trajectories” van vyf jong mans in Heideveld. “PhotoVoice” is ‘n deelnemer-gebaseerde metode wat die deelnemer toegelaat het om foto’s van die “occupations” waaraan hulle gedurende hulle lewens deelgeneem het, af te neem. Die foto’s is gebruik om die onderhoude te fasiliteer tesame met twee of drie gerigte vrae. Tussen-geval en kruis-geval analise is gebruik om temas te vind wat die doelwitte van die studie aanspreek. Ek het vyf temas ge-identifiseer gedurende my analise: “Ons gee nie krag weg nie/We don’t give away power”, “Ons het saam geloop/We ‘hang out’ together”, “Ek het baie probleme by die huis gehet/I had many problems at home”, “Die lewe is swaar hier buite/Life is hard out here” en “Ek wil net uit hierdie plek kom/I just want to get away from this place”. Ek het gevind dat die omgewing ‘n groot rol speel in die deelnemers se “occupational-life-trajectories”. Ek het ook gevind dat die deelnemers se sin van manlikheid, geslag en identiteit hul “occupational” keuses en deelname geaffekteer het. Ek verduidelik ook die portuur natuur en motiverende faktore wat lei tot bende-aktiwiteite en dwelm gebruik, soos dit in die jong mans se lewens gemanifesteer het. Ek het afgelei dat ‘n “occupation” gebaseerde intervensie program moontlik sekere aspekte soos “occupational” keuses en -blootstelling kan affekteer, maar ‘n breër, langduriger intervensie is nodig om werklik ‘n verskil te maak in die “occupational-life-trajectories” van jong mans in Heideveld. Nadat ek die ondersteunende strukture in die fisiese omgewing inaggeneem het, het ek voorstelle gemaak in terme van die familie-eenheid, die portuur groep, onderrig, vaardigheidsopleiding en bemagtiging van die gemeenskap. Aangesien die organisasie reeds toegang het tot seuns tussen 10 en 14 jaar oud, en ‘n groter impak in hierdie lewenstydperk gemaak kan word, maak ek verdere, meer gedetailleerde voorstelle rondom ‘n arbeidsterapie program vir hierdie ouderdomsgroep.

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is considered an important component of the South African government’s response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Despite of this, the numbers of South Africans who have accessed VCT remains low. Pregnant women in antenatal clinics remain the primary recipients of HIV testing since it is routinely offered to them at antenatal clinics. Figures from antenatal clinics constitute the most important source of HIV/AIDS statistics in South Africa. Targeting women at antenatal clinics perpetuate the stereotypes that women are solely responsible for reproductive health issues or, that they are to be blame for the mounting HIV infections. These beliefs exacerbate the culminating violence against women. According to observation, active involvement of male youth in reproductive health at the Rosedale Clinic situated in Uitenhage, a town in the Eastern Cape, appears to be very limited. This might be as a result of traditional beliefs declaring reproductive health a primarily female domain. Active involvement of males in reproductive health is considered to have positive health outcomes both for themselves, and their partners. The purpose of this study is thus to encourage males served by the Rosedale clinic to become more actively involved in one aspect of reproductive health, namely voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The study aims to find out which factors constitute barriers and enablers to VCT acceptance by male youth. Semi-structured, face-to- face interviews were conducted in September 2006 with eighteen males, 18 to 25 years, to determine from their perspective what constitute barriers and enablers to HIV test acceptance by males. These participants were recruited from two well-known rugby clubs in Uitenhage, located in the Eastern Cape. In addition, a focus group discussion was conducted with four males recruited at a graduate development programme hosted in Uitenhage in order to explore common themes emerging from interviews and the discussion. A pervasive, psychologically rooted fear; and possible low perception of risk emerge from this study as main barriers to HIV testing. Negative perceptions regarding service delivery in the public health sector constitute another barrier to HIV testing. The possibility of teasing, a common phenomenon amongst rugby players but not exclusive to them, exacerbates peer pressure thus possibly contributing to low levels of HIV test acceptance among these males. Increased HIV test acceptance is associated with increased opportunities of exposure to HIV testing opportunities, for example at awareness campaigns. Access to medical aid and income is also associated with an increased likelihood of HIV testing since most males prefer accessing HIV testing services in the private sector. Convenience and ease of access to HIV testing services are important when these males consider going for HIV testing. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vrywillige Berading en MIV Toetsing, een aspek van reproduktiewe gesondheid, word beskou as ‘n belangrike komponent van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se strategie teen MIV/VIGS. Ongeag van hierdie feit is ‘n groot aantal Suid-Afrikaners nog nie getoets vir MIV nie. Swanger vrouens word op ‘n daaglikse basis hierdie toets aangebied as deel van roetine ondersoeke. Syfers vanaf pre-natale klinieke vorm die hoofbron van Suid- Afrika se HIV/VIGS statistieke. Die feit dat swanger vrouens die hoofteikengroep is vir MIV toetsing dra by tot stereotipes wat daartoe lei dat vrouens primêr verantwoordelik is vir die behoud van reproduktiewe gesondheid; en dat hulle beskou word as die hoofverdagtes in die toenemende oordrag van MIV. Laasgenoemde beskuldiging vererger geweld teen vrouens. Volgens waarneming by Rosedale publieke kliniek geleë in Uitenhage, ‘n dorp in die Oos-kaap, is veral jeugdige mans se betrokkenheid in reproduktiewe gesondheid uiters minimaal. Dit kan moontlik wees omdat reproduktiewe gesondheid tradisioneel as ‘n vroulike domein beskou word. Aktiewe betrokkenheid van beide mans en vrouens in reproduktiewe gesondheid het positiewe gesondheidsuitkomste vir beide partye tot gevolg. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om jongmans wie deur die Rosedale kliniek bedien word aan te moedig om meer sigbaar te word in reproduktiewe gesondheidskwessies; met die oog op een aspek daarvan naamlik, vrywillige berading en MIV toetsing. Die studie poog dus om uit te vind watter struikelblokke jeugdige mans weerhou van MIV toetsing en; watter faktore mans aanmoedig om vir die toets te gaan. Semi-gestruktureerde, aangesig-tot- aangesig onderhoude is in September 2006 met 18 mans, vanaf die ouderdomme 18 tot 25 jaar, gevoer. Hierdie mans was tydens die studie rugbyspelers vanuit twee welbekende rugbyklubs op die dorp. ‘n Addisionele fokus groep is verder gevoer met manlike studente wie ten tye van die studie aan ‘n ontwikkelingsprogram vir gradueerders deelgeneem het op die dorp. Hierdie fokusgroep is geloods om soortgelyke temas vanuit die onderhoude en die bespreking te ondersoek. Die studie toon dat ‘n diepgewortelde, sielkundige vrees; en moontlike lae bewustheid van persoonlike risiko die twee vernaamste struikelblokke is vir MIV toetsing. Negatiewe sienings rakende die publieke gesondheidssektor kan moontlik bydrae tot weerstand teen MIV toetsingsdienste. Tergery, ‘n bekende verskynsel onder rugbymans, maar nie slegs beperk tot diè groep nie, dra by tot groepsdruk en weerhou moontlik menige mans van MIV toetsing. Diegene in die studie wie alreeds vir MIV getoets is geniet toenemende blootstelling aan MIV toetsingsgeleenthede; bv tydens bewusmakingsveldtogte geloods òf by die werk òf tersiêre instellings. Toegang tot ‘n mediese fonds; en ‘n inkomste is moontlike bepalende faktore sienende dat meeste respondente gesondheidsdienste in die privaatsektor verkies. Gerieflike toegang tot MIV toetsingsdienste word deur sommige mans as belangrike beskou wanneer hulle MIV toetsing oorweeg.

Les relations entre les policiers et les citoyens issus des communautés culturelles représentent un enjeu de taille pour le Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM). En effet, les relations entre les policiers et les minorités ethniques sont au centre de débats et de consultations depuis plusieurs décennies. Force est de constater qu’encore aujourd’hui des tensions demeurent. Plusieurs recherches se sont penchées sur les perceptions des citoyens de leur service de police, mais peu se sont intéressées aux perceptions détaillées des jeunes hommes noirs. Il est pourtant démontré que ce groupe entretient les perceptions les moins favorables envers les policiers et que, par ailleurs, ils sont plus susceptibles d’avoir des contacts avec les policiers. Les perceptions pouvant avoir une réelle influence sur la réponse au contact policier, il appert qu'il est primordial de comprendre l’origine de ces perceptions. Ainsi, ce mémoire vise à identifier les éléments formateurs des perceptions de jeunes hommes noirs de la ville de Montréal âgés de 18 à 25 ans. Pour ce faire, l’approche qualitative a été retenue et des entretiens de type semi-directifs ont été effectués. L’analyse du discours des participants révèle principalement que les interactions personnelles avec les policiers forment les perceptions et/ou renforcent des perceptions déjà existantes. De plus, l’approche de l’agent de police lors de ce contact est mainte fois soulignée par les jeunes lors des entretiens réalisés démontrant que les premiers instants d’une interaction suffisent à l’instauration d’une perception positive ou négative. Il ressort aussi de l’étude que les expériences indirectes ont un impact certain dans la formation des perceptions surtout lorsque ces expériences ont été vécues par un proche. Ces expériences indirectes s’inscrivent d’ailleurs dans un contexte où l’appartenance culturelle du jeune et une certaine culture de quartier tendent à dicter ce que les jeunes se doivent de penser de l’organisation policière. De plus, une méconnaissance des enjeux sous-jacents aux perceptions de ces jeunes hommes par les corps policiers paraît être un obstacle à la mise en place d’interventions efficaces et significatives auprès de cette population. / Relations between the police and the citizens who are members of the cultural communities represent a challenge for the police department of the City of Montreal. Indeed, relations between the police and ethnic minorities have been at the center of debates and consultations for several decades. It is clear that even today tensions remain. Several studies have examined citizen perceptions of their police department, but few have studied in details perceptions of young Black men even though it has been shown that this group has the least favourable perceptions of the police and that they are more likely to have contact with the police. Perceptions can have a real influence on the response to police contact. Therefore, it appears important to understand the root of these perceptions. This paper aims to identify the formative elements of the perceptions of young black men living in Montreal between the ages of 18 to 25. To do this, the qualitative approach was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The analysis of the participant’s discourses reveals predominantly that personal interactions with the police build the perceptions and / or strengthen existing perceptions. In addition, during the interviews, the police officer’s approach is often mentioned by the young men showing that the first moments of the interaction are sufficient for the establishment of a positive or negative perception. It is also clear according to the collected data that indirect experiences have some impact in the development of perceptions especially when these were experienced by a relative or a friend. These indirect experiences are part of a context where the neighbourhood’s subculture and the young men’s cultural background tend to dictate what these young people need to think of the police organization. Therefore, the lack of understanding of the underlying issues that are building the perceptions of these young men by the police departments seems to be an obstacle to the establishment of effective and meaningful interventions for this population.

The purpose of this study is to look at selected sexual attitudes, beliefs, and sexual health practices among adolescent and young adult males. Specifically, the study examines adolescent and young adult males' sexual development and experiences, contraceptive use, sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention practices, and, to a limited extent, public health clinic utilization.