Submitted by William Paiva (williampaiva17@hotmail.com) on 2015-03-27T18:40:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Chiesa Bartelmebs.pdf: 711099 bytes, checksum: d2e344e577f2c4edd86617dc0c73cb90 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-01T18:06:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Chiesa Bartelmebs.pdf: 711099 bytes, checksum: d2e344e577f2c4edd86617dc0c73cb90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T18:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Chiesa Bartelmebs.pdf: 711099 bytes, checksum: d2e344e577f2c4edd86617dc0c73cb90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal compreender o ensino de astronomia nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, propomos a construção de uma Comunidade de Prática em uma escola de Educação Básica do município de Rio Grande-RS através da Pesquisa Participante. Foram feitos convites aos professores dos anos iniciais desta escola, para participarem de alguns encontros, nos quais seriam trabalhados temas sobre ensino de astronomia nos anos iniciais. Aceitaram participar da Comunidade de Prática oito professoras dos anos iniciais, que na sua maioria tem formação na área da Pedagogia. Essas professoras passaram a se reunir quinzenalmente para discutirem e planejarem ações que pudessem ser levadas a cabo em suas salas de aula. Durante esses encontros foram realizados alguns questionamentos às professoras, com o objetivo de compreender porque optavam por esta ou aquela atividade, este ou aquele conteúdo. Ficou evidente que suas escolhas metodológicas estavam relacionadas às suas concepções teóricas tanto com relação ao ensino e a aprendizagem quanto com relação a suas referências conceituais dos temas da astronomia. Ou seja, as concepções epistemológicas das professoras emergiram nas suas falas e escolhas pedagógicas. Além disso, a escolha dos conteúdos se deu, em grande parte, por conta de alguns saberes que as professoras traziam de outras aulas elaboradas com a mesma temática. Ou ainda, partiam de curiosidades que elas traziam, ou dos Livros Didáticos disponíveis na biblioteca da escola para os anos em que trabalham. Dessa forma, entendemos que o ensino de astronomia nos anos iniciais é uma opção ainda muito particular dos professores, uma vez que não está completamente assegurado pelos documentos oficiais tais como os Referenciais Curriculares do Município e até mesmo os PCN do Ensino Fundamental, muito embora nesse documento exista a afirmação da necessidade de o professor levar em conta os conhecimentos atuais produzidos por áreas como a astronomia no seu planejamento. Além disso, a experiência anterior dos professores com relação à temática auxilia naquilo que produzem para as novas turmas. É, portanto, desafiador pensar no ensino de astronomia nos anos iniciais, uma vez que as professoras destes anos possuem poucos conhecimentos sobre esta ciência, e ainda, mesmo que de forma inconsciente, priorizam muito o ensino da língua materna (português) e da matemática em suas aulas. No entanto, a Comunidade de Prática se concretizou como uma possibilidade para repensar a prática pedagógica no ensino de Ciências de forma coletiva. Bem como repensar espaços na escola de Educação Básica para a formação continuada, compartilhando saberes e experiências. Nesse sentido, pensa-se nas Comunidades de Prática como um lugar e um espaço onde os professores possam oportunidade de ter acesso a desafios e a possibilidades para potencializarem o ensino da disciplina de Ciências desde os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. / This dissertation has as main objective comprehend the study of astronomy in the early years of Elementary School. To do so we propose building a community of practice in a school of basic education in the town of Rio Grande – RS through the Participative Research. Were invited teacher from the early years of these schools, to take part in some meetings, in which it would be studied the teaching of astronomy during the early years. Eight teachers of the early years accepted to take part, which them majority of them have graduation in pedagogy. These teachers started meeting every fifteen days to discuss and plan actions that could be carried out in their classrooms. During these meetings some enquires were made to these teachers, such as the objective why they have opted for this or that activity, this or that content. It was evident that their methodological choices were related to their theoretical conceptions as much with the relation teaching learning, as with their conceptual relation with the theme of astronomy. In other words, the epistemological conceptions of the teachers emerged in to their words and pedagogical choices. Besides, the election of contents was made through, in great part, because of some knowledge the teacher brought from previous classes elaborated with the same theme. Or also started from a curiosity that themselves brought, or from the books from the school library available for the years they teach. So we understand the teaching of astronomy in the early years in is still a very particular option of the teachers, once it is still not assured by official documents such as Curricular Referential of the Town and also the PCN from Elementary School, although in this document there would be the affirmation of the necessity of the teacher take into account the current knowledge produced like astronomy in their class planning. Besides, the teachers’ previous experience helps in what is produced to the new groups. It is, however, challenging to think about the teaching of astronomy in the early years, once those teachers have little knowledge about this science, and yet, they prioritize teaching the mother language (Portuguese) and mathematics in their classes. However, the Community of Practice became truth to re-think the pedagogical practice of the science teaching in a collective way. As well as re-think the space in the school of Basic Education to the continuing education, sharing knowledge and experiences. Accordingly, it is thought in the Communities of Practice as a place and a space where the teachers have opportunity to access challenges and possibilities to potentiate the science teaching since the early years of Elementary School.

Submitted by Josiane ribeiro (josiane.caic@gmail.com) on 2015-04-10T17:34:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Grasiele Ruiz Silva_Dissertação_2012.pdf: 1536382 bytes, checksum: b7379434510fe3851120d71f591ef48b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-29T18:47:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Grasiele Ruiz Silva_Dissertação_2012.pdf: 1536382 bytes, checksum: b7379434510fe3851120d71f591ef48b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-29T18:47:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grasiele Ruiz Silva_Dissertação_2012.pdf: 1536382 bytes, checksum: b7379434510fe3851120d71f591ef48b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a utilização da experimentação e a História da Ciência no ensino dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Assim, nos focamos em investigar o olhar de professores atuantes em escolas no município de Rio Grande/RS, participantes do Programa Observatório Nacional da Educação, sobre a utilização de tais enfoques. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, e realizada na modalidade em consórcio, teve a investigação-ação como base para seu desenvolvimento. Para isso, nos focamos em três fontes de dados - entrevistas, análise documental e Planejamento Cooperativo – as quais, a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, nos deram origem a três categorias, sendo elas: O aprender pela Experimentação e a História da Ciência; A Experimentação e a História da Ciência como Ferramentas; e As Relações entre o Cotidiano, a Experimentação e a História da Ciência. Investigando a maneira com que o aprender é compreendido, o quando o material é importante e a forma com que o cotidiano se insere na utilização da experimentação e da História da Ciência no ensino, podemos perceber que, para o professor, o ponto principal é a possibilidade que as abordagens dão em relação a um envolvimento efetivo do aluno com a aula. / The goal of the present paper is to discuss the use, experimentation and the Science History at the beginning years of Elementary School. Thus, we focused on investigating the view of acting teachers in schools from the town of Rio Grande/ RS, participants of the National Education Observatory Program, about the use of such approaches. The surveys done as qualitative and consortium had as basis for its development the investigation-action. To do so, we focused on three sources of data- interview, documentary analysis and Cooperative Planning – which, after the Content Analysis, provided origin to three categories, such as: The learning through Experience and the History of Science as tools; and the Relations through everyday life, The Experimentation and the History of Science. Investigating the way in which the learning is understood, when the material is important and the everyday life is inserted in the use of experimentation and the history of Science in teaching, we can notice that, for the teacher, the main point is the possibility that the approaches provide towards a more effective involvement of the student to the class.

O Estado de São Paulo apresenta índices pluviométricos situados entre 1.200 e 1.600 mm com precipitação concentrada no período situado entre os meses de outubro a março. A passagem de frentes e o processo de frontogênese respondem pelo \"input\" hídrico. Dada a localização que possui (reverso das Cuestas Basálticas) o município de São Carlos apresenta índices pluviométricos ligeiramente superiores ao seu entorno devido a contribuição que recebe das chuvas orográficas. No verão iniciado em 2013 (outubro) e encerrado em 2014 (março), todo Sudeste, assim como as cercanias de São Carlos sofreu com a diminuição das precipitações ocasionadas por mudanças no padrão atmosférico da América do Sul. Atentando para isso, o presente projeto de pesquisa procurou analisar e entender a dinâmica atmosférica desse período chuvoso (Ano Hidrológico) de 2013/2014, descrevendo e caracterizando a dinâmica dos sistemas atmosféricos que nele atuaram e sua variação dentro dos padrões habituais que possuíam, através da metodologia da análise dinâmica, buscando, verificar com base no padrão estabelecido quais foram os principais impactos noticiados pela mídia local (São Carlos) a partir dos índices de precipitação observados. Assim, observou-se que a atuação dos sistemas atmosféricos no período adotado, não ocorreu dentro dos parâmetros habituais da precipitação nas três estações climatológicas que forneceram os dados para a pesquisa. Devendo-se isso a fraca atuação da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS), diante do constante bloqueio atmosférico que se estabeleceu sobre o Atlântico Sul, aliando-se a atuação excepcional de sistemas meteorológicos organizados na Troposfera como a circulação dos vórtices ciclônicos e do Anticiclone do Atlântico Sul (ASAS) sobre o interior do sudeste da América do Sul. A partir dessa análise, constatou-se que o total pluviométrico do ano hidrológico de 2013/2014 apresentou valor abaixo da média, caracterizando os índices da estação do CRHEA/USP no patamar de um Ano Tendente a Seco, a estação do INMET/UFSCar como um Ano Seco e a estação da EMBRAPA/Sudeste na mesma condição da anterior. Entre as três estações climatológicas apenas a estação do CRHEA/USP apresentou valores próximos da média histórica, por se encontrar inserida na transição morfológica da Depressão Periférica Paulista e o Planalto Ocidental Paulista, favorecendo um acúmulo maior de precipitação devido a ocorrência da Chuva Orográfica. Em face disto, esses índices tiveram reflexo na escassez das chuvas e consequentemente repercutiram nos diversos setores socioambientais e econômicos na região de São Carlos-SP, no entanto, não foram suficientes para criar um quadro agravante quanto a suspensão das atividades econômicas ou no abastecimento de água. / The State of São Paulo presents rainfall rates situated between 1,200 and 1,600 mm with concentrated rainfall in the period between the months from October to March. The passage of fronts and frontogenesis process respond for the \"input\" hydrous. Due to the localition of the township, São Carlos (reverse of Basaltic Slopes) presents rainfall indexes slightly higher than its surroundings because of the contribution received from orogenic rains. In the summer started in 2013 (October) and ended in 2014 (March), all Southeast, as well as the environs of São Carlos suffered with the decreasse of precipitations caused by changes in standard atmospheric of South America. Paying attention to this, this research project sought to analyze and understand the atmospheric dynamics of this rainy season (Hydrological Year) of 2013/2014, describing and characterizing the dynamics of atmospheric systems which acted in that period and its variation within the usual patterns already possessed, through the methodology of dynamic analysis, searching, verify based on established standard which were the main impacts reported by local media (São Carlos) from the observed rainfall rates. Thus, it was noticed that the performance of atmospheric systems in the considered period, did not occur within the usual parameters of rainfall in the three climatological season that provided the data for the research. It should be because of the weak performance of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), against the constant atmospheric blockade that has settled over the South Atlantic, allying the exceptional performance of organized meteorological systems in the troposphere as the movement of cyclonic vortices and Anticyclone of the South Atlantic (ASAS) on the interior of the southeastern South America. From this analysis, it was found that the total pluviometric of the hydrological year 2013/2014 showed a value below average, characterizing the indexes of the CRHEA/ USP station on the level of a Year Aimed Dry, the INMET /UFSCar station as a Dry Year and EMBRAPA/Southeast station as the same previous condition. Among the three climatological stations only CRHEA/USP station presented values near the historical average, being that, finding inserted in the morphologic transition of Depression Peripheral Paulista and Western Plateau Paulista favoring a greater accumulation of precipitation due to the occurrence of Orographic Rain. In view of this, these rates were reflected in the scarcity of rainfall and consequently have affected the various environmental and economic sectors in the region of São Carlos-SP, however, were not enough to create an aggravating situation for the suspension of economic activities or the water supply.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-04-02T14:41:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Kellys_Saucedo2015.pdf: 1734045 bytes, checksum: 1f94e389e198c4003eb441770b643692 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T14:41:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Kellys_Saucedo2015.pdf: 1734045 bytes, checksum: 1f94e389e198c4003eb441770b643692 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The last decade of the twentieth century was an important period for the reformulation of the legislative corpus regarding Religious Education in Brazil. In the history of the discipline, there has been the predominance of optional registration with mandatory offer in the curricula of public elementary schools. Nevertheless, despite this characteristic, the State delegated to volunteers, generally linked to religious institutions, the responsibility for teaching the subject. With the enactment of the Federal Law nº 9475/1997, which amended what was stated in the article 33 of the LDB (Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education) in force, the expression “at no cost to the state” was removed from this federal law, and education systems began to regulate the hiring of teachers. In the state of Paraná, the Deliberation nº 01/2006 of the State Board of Education indicates, as selection and hiring criteria for the Religious Education in the early years, primarily, the option for graduates in Pedagogy. This guideline led to the following central research question: how the pedagogues are being prepared to teach Religious Education? In order to answer this question, three instruments were used: literature review, documentary research and field research. Literature review aimed to cover the historical background of Religious Education and the presence of Religion in the History of Brazilian Education. These data provided relevant information underpinning the main issues on initial formation and the performance of Religious Education teachers. More specific readings on different historical contexts were also included, showing how the relationship between Science and Religion had – and sometimes still have – different impacts on society. It is understood that, directly or indirectly, these debates interfere with the teacher’s initial education and performance, with implications in the classroom that can contribute or not to the development of children in early learning processes. Documentary research was carried out through the analysis of laws, rules, instructions and other official documents produced by the national, state and municipal legislative and regulatory bodies designed to organize the subject of Religious Education. Field research was constituted by interviews with four coordinators of Education (Pedagogy) in-classroom courses of Higher Education Institutions from Cascavel (Paraná, Brazil) and by a questionnaire applied to senior students of these courses, which propitiated to apprehend the mismatches of initial education related to the teaching of Religious Education. With respect to the Municipal School System, interviews were carried out with the Municipal Coordinator of Religious Education, fourteen Religious Education teachers and a school director. The results indicate that the nature of the production of religious knowledge and the influence of Religion in child development are underemphasized content both in initial and in continuing education of teachers. Another important result of this study was the finding that the sample participants generally have serious shortcomings in their education with regard to constructing conceptual overviews of Science and Religion topics. Research data also highlighted the need to rethink the initial and continuing education of Religious Education teachers, because the current legislation has not been sufficient to elucidate the problem regarding the content approach and, in some cases, the materialization of the current epistemological proposal of Religious Education. In this sense, the suggestion is to include, in the initial and continuing education of pedagogues, discussions on the history of the discipline and the methodological and epistemological differences of the nature of religious and scientific knowledge, considering that these contents are the basis to build dialogical bridges with other areas of knowledge, including the teaching of Science. / A última década do século XX, no Brasil, representou um importante período para a reformulação do corpus normativo do Ensino Religioso. No histórico da disciplina, foi predominante a matrícula facultativa com oferta obrigatória nos currículos das escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental. Entretanto, apesar dessa característica, o Estado delegava a voluntários, vinculados, em geral, a instituições religiosas, a responsabilidade pelo ensino da disciplina. Com a promulgação da Lei Federal nº 9475/1997, que alterou o disposto no art. 33 da LDB em vigor, a expressão “sem ônus para os cofres públicos” foi removida da lei federal, e os sistemas de ensino passaram a normatizar a contratação de professores. No Estado do Paraná, a Deliberação nº 01/2006, do Conselho Estadual de Educação, indica, como critério de seleção e contratação para o Ensino Religioso nos anos iniciais, prioritariamente, os alunos graduados em Pedagogia. Em virtude dessa instrução, formulou-se a seguinte questão central de pesquisa: como os Pedagogos estão sendo preparados para atuarem com a disciplina de Ensino Religioso? Em busca de resposta a esse questionamento, três instrumentos foram utilizados: pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. A pesquisa bibliográfica teve por objetivo a compreensão do percurso do Ensino Religioso e da presença da Religião na História da Educação brasileira. Esses dados forneceram informações relevantes que alicerçam as principais questões sobre a formação inicial e a atuação de professores de Ensino Religioso. Foram agregadas, ainda, leituras mais específicas sobre diferentes contextos históricos, nos quais as relações entre Ciência e Religião tiveram – e, por vezes, ainda têm – diferentes repercussões na sociedade. Entende-se que, direta ou indiretamente, esses debates interferem na formação inicial e na atuação do professor, provocando implicações na sala de aula que podem contribuir, ou não, para o desenvolvimento das crianças em processos iniciais de aprendizagem. A pesquisa documental foi empreendida por meio da análise de leis, normas, instruções e demais documentos oficiais produzidos pelos órgãos legislativos e normativos nacionais, estaduais e municipais elaborados para organizar a disciplina de Ensino Religioso. A pesquisa de campo foi constituída por entrevistas com quatro coordenadores de cursos de Pedagogia, na modalidade presencial, de Instituições de Ensino Superior situadas em Cascavel (PR), e pela aplicação de questionário aos alunos formandos desses cursos, o que propiciou a compreensão dos descaminhos na formação inicial em relação à docência do Ensino Religioso. Na Rede Municipal de Ensino, foram entrevistados o Coordenador Municipal do Ensino Religioso, quatorze professores dessa disciplina e um diretor de Escola Municipal. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a natureza da produção do conhecimento religioso e a influência da Religião no desenvolvimento infantil são conteúdos pouco enfatizados, tanto na formação inicial quanto na formação continuada de professores. Outro resultado importante desta pesquisa foi a verificação de que os participantes da amostra, em geral, apresentam sérias lacunas para construção de sínteses conceituais de tópicos relacionados a Ciência e a Religião. Os dados ressaltaram, ainda, a necessidade de repensar a formação inicial e continuada dos docentes de Ensino Religioso, pois a legislação em vigor não tem sido suficiente para elucidar as problemáticas com a abordagem dos conteúdos e, em alguns casos, a efetivação da atual proposta epistemológica do Ensino Religioso. Nesse sentido, sugere-se a inclusão, na formação inicial e continuada dos professores pedagogos, de reflexões sobre o histórico da disciplina e sobre as diferenças metodológicas e epistemológicas da natureza dos conhecimentos religioso e científico, considerando que esses conteúdos são a base para a formação de pontes dialógicas com outras áreas do conhecimento, entre as quais o ensino de Ciências.

This study tested if intergenerational differences in attitudes toward immigration in Sweden exist due to different early life socialization experiences across generations with cohort analysis. Also, if shock effects which are defined as large scale shifts in society affected different age-groups differently? As socioeconomic status was positively related to both proimmigration attitudes and age, age could be excluded from the model assuming aging affected attitudes only indirectly due to increased financial security, this avoided collinearity between age, period and cohort. Assuming that aging does not affect attitudes toward immigration the conclusion was made that intergenerational differences in attitudes exist due to a difference in early life socialization across generations. Observing the trends of different age-groups between 2002 and 2016 a pattern emerged where shock effects like the refugee crisis in 2015 seemed to affect all cohorts with similar force contrary to prior research and the impressionable years and later-life decline models.

Background: Present literature highlights early years as an important phase of child development. Whilst Educational Psychologists have a role within early years, there is little research to state what this looks like and how it is conducted in practice. Therefore, this research considers the role an Educational Psychologist could take within an early years setting and explores the variety of work they could conduct. Participants: One early years setting from the researcher’s current Local Authority was used for this research. A total of 33 participants were involved including 11 early years staff, eight Educational Psychologists, 13 parents/carers and a Health Visitor. Methods: This study describes an academic year long Action Research (Tripp, 2003) project with the use of a Research and Development in Organisations framework (Timmins, Shepherd & Kelly, 2003). This included pre-model questionnaires, interviews with early years staff, a focus group with Educational Psychologists and a further focus group with early years staff in order to develop an initial model of educational psychology practice. Work was then completed by the researcher as part of the model of practice. Discrete pieces of work were evaluated via questionnaires, while the project as a whole was evaluated via post-model questionnaires, focus group, interview and researcher diary. Analysis/Findings: Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were transcribed and a thematic analysis applied. Within this study, the researcher developed a model of practice based on the needs of the setting that included being more frequently involved with casework and conducting work specifically aimed at supporting staff and parents/carers. Additionally, there were discrepancies found in the value placed by participants upon the different pieces of the work as well as the overall approach taken. Conclusion/Implications: This research suggests that there is a greater role for Educational Psychologists within early years, involving more than conducting casework but through providing a more holistic and intensive approach to supporting staff and parents/carers. This supports the existing limited literature as well as advocating a more extensive role for them within early intervention services.

Interactive play in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) provides crucial opportunities for young children to develop a range of skills which are important for social development. Play Bank provides structured opportunities based on ‘Resilient Peer Treatment’ (Fantuzzo et al. 1996; 2005) for children to engage in peer-mediated play sessions, and has been found to increase the play interaction of shy and withdrawn preschool children in an initial small-scale study by the current author. This research seeks to extend the evidence base for Play Bank in UK schools by examining perceptions of change in young children’s peer interaction and social competence, as well as school staff’s views of the facilitators and barriers to carrying out the intervention. One primary school was identified within the researcher’s current Local Authority and five target children were identified on the basis of teacher observations and EYFS profile scores. The views of 18 peers, two teaching staff and five parents were sought. A multiple embedded case study design was employed, using mixed methods of data collection at three time intervals. The quantitative methods comprised teacher and parent measures of children’s play-based social competence, whole class sociometric nominations and structured observations of children’s free play. Qualitative data were gathered in a semi structured group interview with the two teaching staff. Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were transcribed and a thematic analysis applied. The findings indicated that children who participated in Play Bank sessions displayed increased peer interaction and play-based social competence over the course of time. The study extends understanding regarding implementation issues for Play Bank and provides further evidence for the effects of Play Bank on young children’s peer interaction and social competence.

O presente estudo investiga o processo de construção de saberes dos estudantes de Pedagogia em relação à Matemática e seu ensino durante a formação inicial. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, de cunho analítico-descritivo e longitudinal, que foi realizada no período 2007-2010, com alunos do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP, em Presidente Prudente, região oeste do interior do Estado de São Paulo. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa envolveu a utilização de questionário, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e aplicação de casos de ensino. Todos estes instrumentos de coleta de dados tiveram como objetivo captar as visões dos sujeitos sobre a relação com a Matemática e seu ensino no decorrer do curso de Pedagogia. Os resultados foram analisados a partir de quadro de referência sobre os saberes docentes e mostram as alterações de visões dos sujeitos durante a formação inicial. Os sujeitos, a partir da reflexão sobre suas experiências vivenciadas como alunos na educação básica, vão resignificando seus saberes em relação à Matemática e seu ensino, por meio da influência das diferentes disciplinas estudadas no curso. As mudanças mais significativas percebidas foram em relação ao receio e a visão distorcida que os sujeitos diziam ter em relação ao conhecimento matemático. Ao final do curso, eles afirmam que mesmo não tendo domínio completo de alguns conteúdos, tal relação melhorou e se dizem mais seguros e preparados para ensinar conceitos matemáticos nos anos iniciais. / This research investigates the process of building of knowledges of students of Pedagogy in relation to Mathematics and its teaching during the course of initial formation. It is a qualitative research, analytical-descriptive and longitudinal, which was held in the period 2007-2010, with students of Pedagogy of Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP, in Presidente Prudente, West region of State of São Paulo. The methodology of this research involved the use of questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and application do teaching cases. All these data collection instruments had intended to capture the views of the subjects about the relation with Mathematics and its teaching during the course of Pedagogy. The results were analyzed from a frame of reference about teachers knowledges and show the changes of visions of the subjects during the initial formation. The subjects, from reflection on their experiences as students in basic education, rebuild their knowledges in relation to Mathematics and its teaching, through the influence of different disciplines studied on the course. The most significant changes were perceived in relation to the fears and biased view that the subjetcs claimed in relation to the mathematical knowledge. At the end of the course, they claim that even they dont having complete domain of some mathematical concepts, the relationship with the mathematical knowledge has improved and they feel reassured to teach such knowledge in the early years.

A docência é uma construção permanente e única. Os caminhos são diversos e percorridos pelo professor em parceria com suas práticas, com os alunos, com as outras pessoas, com o mundo. Num movimento reflexivo, tendo a humildade e a curiosidade como princípios, o professor (re)elabora suas concepções e ações, reconfigurando seus modos de ensinar e aprender. Alicerçado nesses pressupostos, o estudo pretendeu, através dos conteúdos da Geografia escolar, oportunizar momentos de interação e aprendizagem entre as crianças-alunos, e destes com a professora-pesquisadora. Os participantes foram os alunos da quinta série “B”, Ensino Fundamental, do Colégio Evangélico Alberto Torres (CEAT), localizado no bairro Centro, em Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho nesta série é desenvolvido a partir de áreas do conhecimento, e eu fui a professora do componente curricular Estudos Geográficos e Históricos, no qual se inserem o estudo da Geografia e da História. O objetivo do estudo foi refletir e agir com as concepções epistemológicas constituídas a partir das propostas didáticas de Geografia e minha atuação docente. O caminho metodológico da pesquisa iniciou com revisão da literatura e, a partir do plano de estudos de Estudos Geográficos proposto pela escola e dos referenciais teóricos da Geografia e da Educação, foram criadas propostas didáticas, algumas delas oriundas da interação com as crianças durante as aulas. Os dados coletados na pesquisa de campo desenvolvida durante o ano letivo de 2016 foram agrupados em um diário de pesquisa, composto por anotações de comentários das crianças, fotografias, imagens de trabalhos, trechos de atividades realizadas pelos alunos e registros escritos de observações da professora sobre as aulas. Na narrativa dessa pesquisa, esses materiais foram agrupados em experiências, compondo as unidades de análise relacionadas aos pressupostos teóricos da Educação, do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, da infância e da ciência geográfica. O estudo reafirmou a importância da reflexão sobre a prática e do papel do professor na busca de uma interação que faça diferença junto aos alunos. A 5ª série “B” do CEAT, interagindo e aprendendo com as propostas didáticas de Geografia, ensinou-me, (re)afirmando concepções epistemológicas. A pesquisa reafirmou a importância de planejar atividades que façam sentido, estejam alicerçadas por objetivos coerentes, estimulem o uso de variadas linguagens e de diferentes recursos. As aulas podem ser momentos de alegria, em que o afeto dá sustentação aos conteúdos e aos momentos de aprendizagem, em que o diálogo é essencial na construção de um ambiente coletivo. Ultrapassar os limites espaciais da sala de aula e da escola, através de vivências com saídas de campo e visitas, é oportunidade única para (geo)grafar a si, o Outro, as diferenças, a vida. As crianças me ensinam a olhar mais, escutar mais, sentir mais e a (re)criar-me na docência. / Teaching is a permanent and unique construction. There are many different paths the teacher can follow, having the practice, the students, the other people and the world as partners. In a reflective movement, having humility and curiosity as principles, the teacher reworks his actions and conceptions, reconfiguring his ways of learning and teaching. Based on these assumptions, the study intended, through the contents of school geography, to allow for moments of interaction and learning between the children/students and the researcher teacher. The participants were from the fifth grade of elementary school (group B), at Alberto Torres School, in Lajeado, RS. The students in this grade learn through the knowledge areas. And I was the Geographical and Historical Studies teacher, in which is included Geography and History. The study objective was reflecting on the epistemological conceptions constituted with the Geography teaching proposals and my teaching performance. The methodological path of research started with a literature revision and, from the Geographical syllabus proposed by the school and the theoretical references of Geography and Education, we created teaching proposals, some of them coming out of interaction with the children during the classes. The data collected during the field research that happened during the school year of 2016 were registered in a research diary composed of children comments, photographs, works images, parts of students activities and registers of teacher’s observations during the classes. In this research’s narrative, the material was compiled in experiences, composing the units of analysis that were related to the theoretical assumptions of education, the teaching and learning process, childhood and the geographical science. The study reaffirmed the importance of reflection on practice and the teacher’s role in search of interaction that makes the difference with the students. The fifth grade, group “B” at CEAT, interacting and learning with the Geography teaching proposals, taught me, reaffirming epistemological conceptions. The research reaffirmed the importance of planning meaningful activities, based on coherent objectives, stimulating the use of different kinds of languages and different resources. The classes can be moments of happiness, in which the affection supports the contents and learning moments, in which the dialogue is essential in building a collective environment. Overcoming the spatial limits of the classroom and the school through experiences as field trips and visits, is an unique opportunity for “geographizing” yourself, the Other, differences, life. Children teach me how to look more, listen more, feel more and (re) create myself in teaching.

The aim of the study is to visualize and discuss how students perceive and make meaning in their transition from pre-school class to primary school. A special goal is to identify factors that facilitates and/or hinders students’ successful transition. In spring 2017, nine five-year-old children expressed their thoughts before starting in preschool class. The thoughts were documented in interviews and drawings that the students made. By going back to the students who were interviewed then and with their images as artifacts, this study wants to analyze how the students retrospectively describe their experiences of the transition and make the students' expectations and concerns visible to future transitions. In analyses, the study wants to understand what the important aspects to take into account at school transitions are. The study has a social constructionist framework. The children's experiences of transitions is constructed together with the researcher in the process of research (Alvesson & Sköldberg, 2017). A socio-cultural perspective is used and presumes that transitions are constructed in a social community. During transitions the students revise and re-identify their identities. The pupils´ experiences in the transition process becomes important aspects in the students' identity construction and meaning making (Newman & Paasi, 1998).The pupils were able to give their thoughts on things they saw as frightening but which turned out to be simple and other things that were really difficult. It is hoped that, based on the students' experiences, tools are found to use in the work with successful transitions.