Darbo tikslas: ištirti galvijų masės ir amžiaus įtaką, skerdenų išeigai ir kokybei. Temos aktualumas: Galvijų skerdenų klasifikacija pagal raumenų išsivystymą šlaunų, nugaros ir menčių. Riebalų sluoksnio skerdenos išorėje ir krūtinės ertmėje suaugusių galvijų skerdenų skirstymas. Galvijų skerdenos išeiga ir kokybė priklauso nuo gyvulio masės. Bulių ir buliukų masei padidėjus 50 kg jų skerdenos išeiga padidėjo 0,3 – 1,3 %, skerdenų įvertintų O klase padaugėjo 0,7 – 5 %, įvertintų P klase sumažėjo 0,7 – 6,4 %. Telyčių masei padidėjus 50 kg jų skerdenos išeiga padidėjo 0,4 – 0,6 %, skerdenų įvertintų O klase padidėjo 0,5 – 3,8 %, įvertintų P klase sumažėjo 0,9 – 5,4 %. Karvių masei padidėjus 50 kg jų skerdenos išeiga padidėjo 0,2 – 1,7 %, o skerdenų įvertintų O klase padidėjo 0,5 – 19,5 %, įvertintų P klase sumažėjo 0,5 – 19,5 %. Tikslingiausia realizuoti gerai nupenėtus buliukus 500 ir daugiau kg masės. Telyčias 450 ir daugiau kg masės. Galvijų skerdenos išeiga ir kokybė priklauso nuo gyvulio amžiaus. / Industrial aim: Explore livestock weight and age carcass influence exposure and quality. Subject relevance livestock carcass classification after muscular development back, stumps. Fat coat carcass face and pectoral cavity full-sized livestock carcass distribution. Livestock carcass exposure and quality belong from livestock weight. Neat and hog weight increase 50 kg, their carcass influence increase 0,3 – 1,3 %, carcass appraise O class increase 0,7 – 5 %, appraise P class abate 0,7 – 6,4 %. Heifer weight increase 50 kg their carcass influence 0,4 – 0,6 %, carcass appraise O class increase 0,5 – 3.8 %, appraise P class abate 0,9 – 5.4 %. Cow weight increase 50 kg their carcass influence increase 0,2 – 1,7 %, carcass appraise O class increase 0,5 – 19,5 %, appraise P class abate 0,5 – 19,5 %. Intention realize good fat hog 500 and more kg weight. Heifer 450 and more kg weight. Livestock carcass exposure and quality belong from livestock age.

1. Probiotinio Bactocell® preparato poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje paukščių svoris buvo 1% didesnis nei I kontrolinės grupės, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti buvo 4% mažesnės lyginant su I kontroline grupe; 2. Probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® priedų poveikyje bandymo pabaigoje viščiukų broilerių svoris buvo 2% didesnis lyginant su I kontroline grupe, o lesalų sąnaudos 1 kg priesvorio gauti 3% mažesnės nei I kontrolinės grupės; 3. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® paukščių išsaugojimui esminės įtakos neturėjo; 4. Preparatai Bactocell® ir Agrimos® liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) himusų pH esminės įtakos neturėjo; 5. Ženklus sausųjų medžiagų sumažėjimas iki 5,54% himusuose liaukinio skrandžio (pars glandularis ventriculi), raumeninio skrandžio (pars muscularis ventriculi), dvylikapirštės žarnos (duodenum), aklųjų maišų (caecum), plonųjų žarnų paskutinio segmento (intestinum tenue), storosios žarnos (intestinum crassum) nustatytas, naudojant preparatus Bactocell® + Agrimos® ; 6. Preparatų probiotinio Bactocell® ir probiotinio Bactocell® + prebiotinio Agrimos® poveikyje padidėjo– tiek bendra, tiek ir atskirų riebalų rūgščių koncentracija; 7. Naudojant probiotinį Bactocell® + prebiotinį Agrimos® preparatus amoniako kiekis viščiukų broilerių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The objectives of this work is the analysis of effect of probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® on process digestive and on productivity of broiler chickens. 800 items of Cobb500 broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age were taken, for this research to be made. The birds were divided into 4 treatment groups. They were kept on deep litter, watered from stationary drinking - bowls. They were fed and allocated according to the recommendations of suppliers of broiler cross. Grown and slaughtered broilers were analyzed by evaluation of activity of fermentation, amount of dry substances, pH- level within the alimentary canal. Also, index of growth intensity, feed expenditures were registered. In addition, characteristics of meat of chicken legs and breast were examined on the background of sensual perception. After the research was undertaken, it was determined that after using probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimos® the feed expenditure decreased by 1-2 %, whereas, the daily weight increased by 2 – 4 %. level. The influence on the pH- level within the alimentary canal wasn't significant; the level of ammonia and dry substances tended to decrease. Whereas, activity of fermentation was registered as increased. It was determined, the probiotics Bactocell® and prebiotics Agrimoss® treated seed meal hasn't any significant effect for the sensual perception of the meat.

Aktualität des Themas. Wir haben nicht so viele Daten über den Einfluss des Probiotikums auf die Schlachtkörper und Fleischqualität, die Parameter des Blutes. Forschungsziel – wir sollten den Einfluss des Probiotikums Bonvital auf die Blutparameter, Schlachtkörper und Fleischqualität von Mastschweinen feststellen. Im Verlauf der beiden Versuche wurde der Gesundheitszustand der Tiere beobachtet. Dieser kann als normal eingeschätzt werden. Veterinärmedizinische Präparate kamen nicht zum Einsatz. Im Verlauf der versuche wurden auch biochemischen Parameter vom Blut beobachtet. Diese Parameter enschprachen den Normen an Anfang und am Ende der Versuche. Auf die Parameter des Blutes hatte die Bonvital Ergänzung der Futtermischungen keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Am Prüfende erfolgte eine Kontrollschlachtung der Schweine. Nach der Schlachtung wurden Schlachtausbeute, Magerfleischanteil, chemische und physikalische Fleischparameter ermittelt. Die Schweine, die bekamen die Bonvital Ergänzung oder nicht M. longissimus dorsi haben fast die gleichen chemische und physikalische (wie Trockensubstanz, Organische Substanz, Rohprotein, Rohasche, pH-Wert) Parameter des Fleisches. Der Positive Effekt des Probiotikums wurde auf Scherkraft festgestellt. Im Verlauf der beiden Versuche, wen wir vergleichen die Kontrollgrupe und Versuchsgrupe II, dieser Parameter war 8 – 34 %. Im beiden Versuchen das Wasserbindungsvermögen des Fleisches von den Tieren, deren Futter mit Bonvital supplementiert war, im... [to full text]

Ecological products become more and more popular in Lithuania and worldwide every year. Therefore, its demand is growing rapidly. The analyst of the market of ecological products professor Ulrich Hamm forecasts that trade in this section will increase by 20-40% or even 50% in some countries per year. Sociological researches show that each year people consume more and more of meat and its products, including chicken and eggs. Researches of consumers’ opinions show that the need for safe, quality and ecological food products grows in our country too. In consequence, a real possibility for the development of the farms growing ecological birds, for new work places, and additional income for people living in the country appears. The aim of the work: Having analyzed the regulation and the conditions of the market of ecological poultry raising in Lithuania, the European Union and worldwide, to assess factors influencing the development of ecological poultry raising. Lately the demand for fowl is growing because cattle meat and pork are becoming more expensive in Lithuania. However, statistic data claim that only one farm of ecological chicken from all those certificated in Lithuania is growing a limited number of chickens and does not satisfy the demand in the market. Lithuanian farmers are looking for new fields of activity such as the growing of exotic birds and animals, and are not interested in the possibilities of the development of ecological poultry-yards. It has to be noted... [to full text]

The supply and demand analysis helps to recognize market and the factors which settled market changes. It allows to prepare more effective plan of activity and protect managers from theirs incorrect decisions. The market of piglet fodders was chosen, seeking to put into practice the theoretical supply and demand factor analysis. Such decision predetermined the fact that the market of pigs foddes although small, however very important and besides that about it very little information. The subject of research: to evaluate the piglets fodders production and consumption tendencies, to analyse the pigs fodders market in Lithuania, main fodders producers, importers and consumers, to find out pigs breeders point of view about supplied fodders. Results:1 Analysed pigs complex in which are bred 55,4 percent of every year bred pigs in Lithuania feed schemes, there is defined, that in all complex are applied early piglets feeding. All of analyzed respondents are using imported prestarter ir starter feeds and at latest pigs age before fattening, are using feeds, which are produced in own feed mills Hence from commerce point of view, the biggest demand from piglets feeds is suitable for prestarters and starters feed. 2.Evaluated criterions in accordance with which respondents are chosen feeds, there is defined, that pigs breeders consider not very important the criterions such are feed form and production technology. Although during research time was cleared up, that those indexes... [to full text]

The object I purposed to myself was to sift from top to bottom nutrition of the dogs and the main problems that are close to it, to describe it and to make inferences about it. To find what harm commercial food does for the organism of the dog. We discussed about the allergies, bad breath, bad teeth, fatty degeneration, digestive troubles and decisions. The operation was made with reference to the results of the blood test, nutriment analysis, questioning data and communication with kennels and veterinarians. We produced detailed information about what nutriment should we feed our dogs and about the after-effects, that will visit if the dog feeding is incorrect. Summarised data is offered in tables and diagrams. We find that dogs, which are feeding by middle and low class commercial dog food, are often suffering by diseases of the digestive tract. 40 percent of dogs fall ill by allergic reactions, till 45 percent appears lesions of the teeth and gum. Dogs, which were fed by home-made food, were more active, the structure of their coat was very good and the colour was bright, digestive tract was food change resistant. Those dogs had stronger immunity. The blood test showed, that dog’s, which were fed by home-made food, cholesterol was less, than dog’s, which ate commercial dog food. So, if we feed our dogs by a commercial food, the probability to display diseases of some organs (as kidney, liver, blood-vessels) and allergy. We recommend feed our dogs by home-made food, or the... [to full text]

The goal of our research was to optimize the conditions of chromatographic analysis of penicillin, to define minimal found analysis concentration, analyse contaminated milk samples with given certain concentration and establish resumption of penicillin G. Therefore, we aimed at analysing milk samples‘ contamination with penicillin of randomly selected cows from study farms. The research was performed in Lithuanian Academy of Veterinary which has a practical training and experiment centre in Muniskes cow farm, state enterprise „Pieno tyrimai“ and Food Institute of Kaunas Technological University. State enterprise „Pieno tyrimai“ used preparation LPT to define milk inhibitors. After the bacteriological milk samples analyses 8 out of 25 samples were found to portray remnants of inhibitory materials. Optimal chromatographic conditions were established by the use of experiment, in accordance with a thorough analysis of literature concentrating on chromatographic methods dealing with penicillin G determination. The following are defined conditions for the chromatographic examination of penicillin G: composition of a mobile phaze 0 – 10 min 5% ACN / 95% 0,125 M phosphate buffer (pH=3,5), 12-22 min 70 % ACN / 30% 0,125 M phosphate buffer, 24-30 min 5% ACN / 95% 0,125 M phosphate buffer (gradient flow mode). Period of assay suspention was about 17 minutes. Resumption of contaminated milk samples with penicillin G 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg varied from 45 to 76 %. The... [to full text]

Bees interested people because of honey and wax from ancient times. They were called God’s beetles, God’s workers. Bee products were used for food and medicine. It is advisable for people to eat about 1,8 kg of honey a year. Lately bee farms have been growing stronger. The owners of some apiaries are increasing and modernizing their farms. At the moment 83 thousand families are bred in Lithuania. AIM OF RESEARCH. To establish the dependence of bee mass on the springs of comb, comparing the used discs of the springs of the bee family natural wax combs an artificial combs. METHODS AND CONDITIONS OF RESEARCH. The data for research were collected during the summer of 2006 from bee families bred in Kaunas. In individual variants hives were expanded by discs of springs of natural wax comb and plastic discs of springs of combs. After 8 days after making of cells they were put into well warmed hives or a thermostat for breeding. After 24-36 hours after breeding of bees they were weighed. This experiment will negate the widely spread groundless statements that plastic combs influence the mass of bees. Apirians may safely use plastic wax discs for making combs for bee families. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Artificial discs are more accurate that natural wax discs in all directions of the cells of the comb. 2. Wax discs and artificial comb discs do not influence the mass of bees, as bees bred on such discs during the research showed no significant differences.

Darbo tikslas: nustatyti karvėms šertų silosuotų pašarų kokybinius rodiklius, pašarų įtaką melžiamų karvių produktyvumui ir pieno kokybei. Įvertinti racionų ekonominius rodiklius. Darbo uždaviniai: įvertinti melžiamų karvių silosuotus pašarus ir racionų struktūrą. Išanalizuoti silosuotų pašarų kokybės rodiklius. Nustatyti raciono įtaką karvių produktyvumui ir pieno kokybei. Karvių šėrimo racionų ekonominio įvertinimo analizė. Pateikti išvadas ir pasiūlymus. Tyrimui medžiaga rinkta Jonavos raj., X ūkyje. Išanalizavus X ūkio 2011–2012 metų karvėms šertų silosuotų pašarų kokybę, karvių šėrimo racionų sudėtį, maistingumo rodiklius, galima daryti išvadas: žemės ūkio bendrovės karvių banda atitinka vidutinius produktyvumo rodiklius auginant Lietuvos juodmargių veislės karves. Karvės šeriamos viso raciono pašarų mišiniais. Karvėms racionai sudaromi atsižvelgiant į laktacijos tarpsnius, pagal kuriuos karvės suskirstytos į tris grupes. Racionai nekito per analizuojamuosius metus. Išanalizavus silosuotų pašarų kokybės įtaką karvių produktyvumui, galima teigti, kad racionai ūkyje yra subalansuoti. Atlikus pieno tyrimus, 2012 metais, nustatytas 10,07 proc. didesnis tirtų karvių pieno riebumas., lyginant su karvių pieno riebumu 2011 metais. Karvių pieno riebumas 2011 metais buvo 4,17 proc, o 2012 metais 4,59 proc. Pieno baltymingumas tiriamaisiais metais nekito ir išliko per visą tyrimo laikotarpį 3,48 proc. Laktozės kiekis piene: 2011 metais – 4,34 proc., o 2012 metais 4,4 proc. arba 1... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of the work was to identify ensiled forage used to feed cows quality indicators, forage’s influence on cows' productivity and milk quality, and to rate ration’s economic indicators. The task of the work: to assess the silage used to feed dairy cow and their rations’ structure. To analyze the ensiled forage quality indicators. To set the ration influence on cows’ productivity and milk quality. Economic evaluation analysis of cows’ rations. The conclusions and suggestions. The material for the research was collected in Jonava agricultural company X. The analysis of an X during 2011-2012 ensiled forage used to feed cows quality, cows’ feeding ration composition, nutritional indicators, conclusions can be drawn: agriculture company’s average cow herd suits the productivity indicators of Lithuanian Black and White cows. The cows are fed rations of feeding mixtures. Cows’ rations are drawn up on the stages of lactation, by which cows are divided into three groups. Diets did not change during the surveyed year. The analysis of ensiled forage quality on milk production of cows, it can be said that the farm’s rations are balanced. After the milk testing in 2012, it was established, that compared to 2011 (4.17 percent) milk fat content grew of 10,07 percent (4.59 percent in 2012). Milk protein under investigation didn’t change and remained at 3.48 percent. The quantity of lactose: 2011 - 4.34 percent, 2012 - 4.4 percent. Somatic cell count increased in 2012 to 458... [to full text]

Darbo aktualumas: Mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiama daug duomenų ir informacijos apie žuvų auginimo ypatumus žuvininkystės ūkiuose auginat žuvis pramoniniu būdu. Sodybiniai vandens telkiniai savo ruožtu įrengiami ir žuvys jose auginamos bei veisiamos šių telkinių savininkų nuožiūra. Trūksta mokslinių tyrimų ir metodinės literatūros analizuojančios sodybinių vandens telkinių įrengimo bei jų pritaikymo mėgėjiškos akvakultūros vystymui, problematiką, todėl ši sritis nusipelno išsamesnės mokslinės analizės. Darbo tikslas: Išanalizuoti sodybinių vandens telkinių įrengimo, jų priežiūros bei žuvų auginimo sodybiniuose vandens telkiniuose ypatumus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti dirbtinių vandens telkinių įrengimo teisinį reglamentavimą, atlikti sodybinių vandens telkinių įrengimo projektų vertinimą. 2. Aprašyti sodybiniuose vandens telkiniuose auginamas žuvų rūšis ir aptarti jų auginimo sodybiniuose vandens telkiniuose specifiką. 3. Atlikti vandens telkinių vandens fizinių savybių, cheminės sudėties ir mikrobiologinius tyrimus bei pateikti sodybinių vandens telkinių vandens kokybės vertinimą. 3. Nustatyti su sodybinių vandens telkinių priežiūra, žuvų veisimu ir auginimu susijusias problemas bei pateikti rekomendacijas problemų sprendimui. Išvados: 1. Tiriami sodybiniai vandens telkiniai įrengti pagal suderintus nesudėtingus vandens telkinių įrengimo projektus prisilaikant LR Aplinkos apsaugos įstatyto ir kitų teisės aktų reikalavimų. Sodybinių vandens telkinių įrengimo metu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / It is hard to imagine a Lithuanian country district with no pond. Recently the owners of the ponds more and more often select the homestead ponds which are well adapted to the amateurish fish breeding, growing and recreation. It is important, while setting such homestead ponds, to understand the biology of separate fish breeds and to realize the pond as individual and complex ecosystem. Homestead ponds and the water quality need to satisfy biological features of fish and to secure their wellness and nutritional quality. This demands a good knowledge and appropriate competency of the owners at such spheres as pond equipment, fish breeding, fish growing, fish additional feeding, evaluation of water quality and etc. Scientific literature supplies plenty of data and information about peculiarities of fish growing at the fishery farms where the fish are cultured in an industrial way. The homestead ponds are set and the fish are grown and bred at the discretion of the owners. This sphere deserves particular scientific analysis because of the lack of scientific investigations and methodological literature which analyzes the topic of pond equipment and adjustment for the development of amateurish aquaculture. The aim of this study is to analyze the peculiarities of pond equipment, observation and fish growing in the ponds. In order to reach the goal several tasks which include definition of the juridical regulation of pond equipment and evaluation of pond equipment projects were made... [to full text]