Este trabalho investiga o discurso jornalístico de Zero Hora sobre as obras viárias realizadas na Cidade de Porto Alegre em virtude da realização da Copa do Mundo de 2014. Diante do impacto social e ambiental dos empreendimentos, objetiva analisar como o jornal aborda os temas ambientais na cobertura sobre as transformações urbanas, considerando o tratamento do evento como um acontecimento jornalístico. A partir de Pêcheux e Fuchs (1993), Courtine (2009) e outros, utiliza a Análise do Discurso de matriz francesa como aporte teórico e meto-dológico, explorando os conceitos de formação discursiva, interdiscurso e memória discursi-va. Aborda o ethos jornalístico, código ético e de valores da profissão segundo o qual a ativi-dade jornalística deve estar a serviço do interesse público, conforme Traquina (2004). Explica o acontecimento jornalístico como um fenômeno inscrito em uma ordem discursiva e que de-fine historicamente a sociedade, ancorando-se em Benetti (2010). Trabalha sob a perspectiva do Jornalismo Ambiental de Girardi et al. (2012), Bueno (2007) e Bacchetta (2000) a fim de evidenciar a relação entre cidades e meio ambiente. Ressalta que os princípios do Jornalismo Ambiental baseiam-se no pensamento complexo e propõem um discurso composto pela diver-sidade de pontos de vista. Com base no pensamento complexo de Morin e Kern (1993) e do pensamento sistêmico de Capra (1997), constata que a emergência de um novo paradigma permitirá refletir sobre as mudanças necessárias à civilização humana para garantir condições de vida às futuras gerações. A partir de Harvey (2013), postula que o direito à cidade deve ser inalienável dos cidadãos para que haja plena democracia. Contextualiza a realização da Copa do Mundo no Brasil e os movimentos populares que contestaram violações às comunidades e aos ecossistemas durante os preparativos para o evento. Posiciona as duas perspectivas de sustentabilidade definidas por Caporal e Costabeber (2000) em diferentes formações discursi-vas: a ecotecnocrática e a ecossocial. Postula que o discurso jornalístico das sequências dis-cursivas de 2013 remete à memória do discurso jornalístico de Zero Hora referente a fevereiro de 1975, em que um estudante subiu em árvore em Porto Alegre para protestar contra sua der-rubada devido a obras de construção de um viaduto. Conclui que o discurso jornalístico anali-sado esteve filiado a uma formação discursiva ecotecnocrática, não questionou os modelos de desenvolvimento vigentes e que, portanto, não assumiu o olhar do Jornalismo Ambiental. Também ressalta que o discurso jornalístico de 1975 relacionava-se ao discurso ambientalista, o que permitiu sua filiação à FD ecossocial. Explica que os discursos de Zero Hora em ambas as épocas estavam envoltos por diferentes condições de produção. / This work investigates the journalistic discourse from Zero Hora newspaper about the road works carried out in the town of Porto Alegre under the realization of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Against the social and environmental impact of development, it aims to analyze how the newspaper addresses the environmental topics on the coverage about urban transformations, considering the handling of the event as a journalistic event. As from Pêcheux and Fuchs (1993), Courtine (2009) and others, it uses the French Discourse Analysis as theoretical and methodological contribution, exploring the concepts of discursive formation, interdiscourse and discursive memory. It approaches the journalistic ethos, profession ethic and values code whereby the journalistic activity should be at the service of public interest, according to Traquina (2004). It defines journalistic event as a phenomenon enrolled in a discursive order and which historically defines society, anchoring up on Benetti (2010). It works under Girardi et al. (2012), Bueno (2007) and Bacchetta (2000) Environmental Journalism perspective in order to evidence the relation between cities and environment. It highlights that Environmen-tal Journalism principles are based on complex thinking and propose a discourse composed of the diversity of points of view. Based on Morin and Kern (1993) and their complex thinking and the systemic thinking from Capra (1997), it notes that the urgency of a new paradigm will allow the reflection about necessary changes for the human civilization to ensure life condi-tions for the future generations. Hence Harvey (2013), it postulates that the right to the city should be inalienable from citizens in order to reach full democracy. It contextualizes the real-ization of the World Cup in Brazil and the popular movements that challenged communities and ecosystems violations during the preparations for the event. It positions both perspectives of sustainability defined by Caporal and Costabeber (2000) in different discursive positions: ecotechnocratic and ecosocial. It postulates that the journalistic discourse from Zero Hora published in 2013 is related to a discoursive memory of the journalistic discourse from Febru-ary 1975, which talks about a student who climbed a tree in Porto Alegre to protest against its felling due to the construction of a viaduct. It concludes that the analyzed journalistic dis-course has been affiliated to an ecotechnocratic discursive formation, did not questione the current development models and that, therefore, did not assume the view from Environmental Journalism. It also highlights that the journalistic discourse from 1975 was related to the envi-ronmentalist discourse, which has allowed its affiliation to the ecosocial discursive formation. It explains that Zero Hora discourses in both times were wrapped by different production conditions.

Esta pesquisa analisa o conflito urbano em torno da realização da Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 no Brasil. Tal conflito teve inicio no ano de 2010, quando as promessas governamentais em torno de um Projeto de Nação passaram a se materializar em projetos e planos urbanísticos de qualificação da infraestrutura local para a realização do evento esportivo. As reconfigurações políticas, sociais e jurídicas dos processos decisórios estatais provocam um amplo processo de deslocamento compulsório em escala nacional. É a partir desta problemática que um conjunto de organizações plurais passa a se articular na construção de um processo de crítica aos significados e à legitimidade das intervenções estatais para a Copa 2014, dando origem à Articulação Nacional dos Comitês Populares da Copa. Tal conflito se expressa a partir da denúncia das remoções forçadas, as quais dão início a embates públicos acerca do direito à moradia. Deste modo, esta pesquisa acompanha os desdobramentos deste conflito a partir do acompanhamento do ponto de vista e da dinâmica de atuação do Comitê Popular da Copa em Porto Alegre, buscando compreender como se deu a construção e publicização das críticas que fundamentam as diferentes formas de resistência à moradia popular às remoções relacionadas aos projetos da Copa do Mundo 2014 na cidade de Porto Alegre. Ancorando-se numa perspectiva etnográfica da política vivida embasada na abordagem pragmatista, a qual aposta na instabilidade do social e na existência de uma pluralidade de formas de interpretar situações de disputa, objetiva-se deslocar a pesquisa do plano normativo para a ênfase de dinâmicas políticas e de diferentes sentidos mobilizados em torno da moradia para os sujeitos em contextos situados. / This research analyzes the urban conflict around the organization of FIFA 2014 World Cup in Brazil. The conflict began in 2010, when the government promises around a Nation Project began to materialize in projects and urban plans of qualification of local infrastructure to carry out the sporting event. The rearrangements in political, social and legal state decision-making processes cause a broad process of compulsory displacement nationwide. It is from this problem a set of plural organizations is to articulate the construction of a process critical to the meaning and legitimacy of State intervention for the 2014 World Cup, leading the National Coordination of Popular Committees Cup. This conflict is expressed from the denunciation of forced evictions, which initiate the public clashes on the right to housing. Thus, this research followed the developments of this conflict from the monitoring point of view and the dynamics of operation Cup People's Committee in Porto Alegre, trying to understand how gave the construction and publicity of the critical underlying the different forms of resistance the affordable housing removals related to the projects of the World Cup 2014 in Porto Alegre. Anchoring is an ethnographic perspective of the lived policy grounded in pragmatic approach, which invests in social instability and the existence of a plurality of ways of interpreting situations of dispute, the objective is to move the normative level research for the emphasis of political dynamics and different meanings mobilized around the house to the subject in situated.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:59:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Fadul Andrade.pdf: 2345216 bytes, checksum: bd3bbfde593a3a0f958116001c23caa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / In the last two years, the preparations for the matches of the World Cup, that are to happen on the months of June and July of 2014, can be observed in Manaus. Since the official announcement, in 2009, that the city would receive those matches, different actions were projected, although not all of them were done, due to operational reasons, time exiguity, etc. During this preparation time, we could perceive situations that make it possible for us to say that many people from the city, especially soccer supporters and sympathizers but also people linked to public agencies, trade market, services, etc, have been living a bigger involvement with the sport (realization of sport events, presence in stadiums due to local championships, organized groups of soccer fans), as well as the creation of expectations about improvements of the urban infrastructure, realization of new businesses, etc. In these situations and other more, we can recognize the spirit of the World Cup, which has been intensifying in 2013, because this year takes up at the same time as the deadline of the construction of the new stadium, which is conventionally called Arena da Amazônia. This paper has the intention to show an anthropological approach concerning the preparations for the 2014 World Cup, in Manaus-AM, considering more than the urban improvement actions promoted by the public power and private initiative, the position that soccer has been occupying on the discussions that implicate the preparations for the event. Taking into consideration that soccer is the biggest reason for the realization of the World Cup and one of the biggest popular expressions of the world, including Brazil and Manaus, we try to interpret the vision of the soccer fans and sympathizers in Manaus, that are also citizens of Manaus and Brazilians, this set of urban changes, in a large scale, oriented to public spaces or from shared use. / Nos últimos dois anos tem se observado em Manaus os preparativos para os jogos da Copa do Mundo, cuja realização está prevista para os meses de junho e julho de 2014. Desde o anúncio oficial em 2009 de que a cidade receberia estes jogos, ações diferentes foram projetadas, mas nem todas serão efetivadas, tendo em vista motivos operacionais, exiguidade do tempo, etc. Neste período de preparativos, presenciamos situações que permitem dizer que muitas pessoas da cidade, sobretudo torcedores e simpatizantes de futebol, mas também pessoas vinculadas a órgãos públicos, comércio, serviços, etc., têm vivenciado um envolvimento maior com o futebol (realização de eventos esportivos, presença em estádios por conta de campeonatos regionais, torcidas organizadas), bem como criação de expectativas sobre melhorias de infraestrutura urbana, realização de novos negócios, etc. Reconhecemos nestas situações e outras mais, de um clima de Copa do Mundo, que tem se intensificado em 2013, posto que este ano coincide com o prazo limite para entrega do novo estádio, que se convencionou chamar de Arena da Amazônia. Este trabalho busca apresentar uma abordagem antropológica acerca dos preparativos para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 na cidade de Manaus-AM, considerando além das ações de regeneração urbana promovidas pelo poder público e iniciativa privada, a posição que o futebol tem ocupado nas discussões que envolvem os preparativos para o evento. Partindo do pressuposto que o futebol é o motivo maior para a realização do campeonato mundial de seleções e uma das maiores expressões populares do mundo, inclusive no Brasil e em Manaus, buscamos interpretar a partir da visão dos próprios torcedores e simpatizantes de futebol em Manaus, que também são cidadãos manauaras e brasileiros, esse conjunto de transformações urbanas, em larga medida orientadas para os espaços públicos ou de usos compartilhados.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-12-21T18:27:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleice Meire Almeida da Silva - 2017.pdf: 2788770 bytes, checksum: be52d09c7b4a65f5d71fce63efc7dfab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-22T10:30:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleice Meire Almeida da Silva - 2017.pdf: 2788770 bytes, checksum: be52d09c7b4a65f5d71fce63efc7dfab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T10:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleice Meire Almeida da Silva - 2017.pdf: 2788770 bytes, checksum: be52d09c7b4a65f5d71fce63efc7dfab (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / From the political point of view, big sports events are historically seen as a way to strengthen a country’s institutional image and, consequently, its leaders’ popularity. However, different conclusions were drawn based on what happened in Brazil during the 2013 Confederation Coup and the 2014 World Coup. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the public support to the World Cup in Brazil on the Federal Government evaluation and its popularity. The analysis conducted suggests that citizens’ criticism growth and their frustration regarding future expectations about basic public services, such as health and education directly affected how Brazilian people saw those events as well as how they approve the Federal Government. With voices amplified by world-wide visibility, among many popular manifestations that spread throughout the country, the FIFA championship was seen as the “people’s opium” once it became a symbol of popular dissatisfaction. Instead of increasing popularity and facilitating electoral gains in 2014, the World Cup put the popularity of Brazilian political leaders at risk, more specifically the Federal Government that led the project. The watchful eye on the support to the World Cup in Brazil and its correlation with the approval of the governments constitutes in a case to be considered in the research on the relation between public opinion, sport mega-events and governmental popularity. / Do ponto de vista político, os grandes eventos esportivos são vistos, historicamente, como uma forma de fortalecer a imagem institucional de um país e, em consequência, a popularidade de seus líderes. Porém, o que foi observado no Brasil no período entre as Copas das Confederações de 2013 e do Mundo de 2014 leva a outras conclusões. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o impacto do apoio público à Copa do Mundo no Brasil sobre a popularidade do Governo Federal. As análises sugerem que a preparação do país para o evento colocou em evidência diversos problemas que elevaram a criticidade dos cidadãos diante das expectativas frustradas de melhorias em serviços públicos como saúde e educação, o que impactou diretamente na visão dos brasileiros sobre o evento e, em consequência, sobre a aprovação do Governo Federal. Com vozes amplificadas pela visibilidade mundial, em meio a um conjunto de manifestações pelo país, o campeonato da FIFA passou da ideia de “ópio do povo” para um símbolo catalisador de insatisfações da população. Desse modo, ao invés de ampliar, a Copa do Mundo colocou em risco a popularidade das autoridades políticas, especificamente, do Governo Federal que liderou o projeto. O olhar atento sobre dados de apoio à Copa do Mundo no Brasil e sua correlação com a aprovação do Governo Federal constitui em um caso a ser considerado na pesquisa sobre a relação entre opinião pública, megaeventos esportivos e popularidade governamental.

Este trabalho visa analisar as transformações espaciais no período pré-Copa do Mundo de 2014 na cidade de São Paulo, em principal a área de Itaquera. O impacto da construção do estádio Itaquerão do Sport Club Corinthians Paulista e das obras do Polo Institucional de Itaquera para a Copa do Mundo estão no plano principal dessa pesquisa. A Copa do Mundo estabelece um conjunto de iniciativas de reforma urbana que altera formas e fluxos em um curto período de tempo, justificada pelo evento internacional. Em meio à requalificação do bairro, definem-se critérios de adequação que podem servir de modelo para outras intervenções em espaços periféricos. No sentido de detalhá-los, foi elaborado um plano de trabalho para delimitar o objeto de estudo. O projeto desta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral retomar a discussão das transformações no espaço urbano, mas, dessa vez, destacando um momento diferenciado de investimentos e expansão do capital na periferia de São Paulo. Na tentativa de compreender as transformações no espaço urbano, utilizamos o método materialista histórico dialético. A dissertação foi dividida em quatro capítulos, a principal base teórica dela está no Capítulo 1, porém outros conceitos também são discorridos ao longo do trabalho para compreender melhor os assuntos analisados. O Capítulo 2 e 3 foram focados em Itaquera, nosso principal objeto de estudo, passando pelas discussões e análises de fixos e fluxos, formação socioespacial, reforma urbana, requalificação urbana, segregação socioespacial, produção imobiliária e especulação imobiliária. O Capítulo 4 vem com a proposta de debater sobre as rugosidades e resistências na cidade. Abordando as transformações dos processos de produção do espaço, esse capítulo faz uma discussão sobre a questão da habitação em São Paulo, a luta dos excluídos versus a atuação do Estado e do Capital e, por fim, as manifestações populares que vieram à tona em 2013 e 2014 em virtude da questão urbana. / This work analyzes the spatial changes of São Paulo in the pre-World Cup 2014 period , with special interest in the Itaquera area. The impact of the Itaquerão stadium and of the Itaquera´s Institutional Polo for the World Cup are in the main plan of this research. The World Cup establishes a set of urban reform initiatives that alter forms and flows in a short period of time, justified by the international event. Amid the redevelopment of the neighborhood, the suitability criteria defined can serve as a model for other interventions in peripheral areas. However, a work plan was developed to delimit the object of study. This research project had as main objective to resume the discussion of transformations in urban space, but in this time highlighting a different time of investment and capital expansion in the periphery of São Paulo. The method used to understand the spatial transformations in the urban space is based on dialectical historical materialism. The dissertation is divided in four chapters, with the main theoretical basis concentrated in Chapter 1, but other concepts are also discussed throughout the work to better understand the issues analyzed. Chapter 2 and 3 were focused on Itaquera, our main object of study, through the discussions and analysis of fixed and flows, socio training, urban renewal, urban redevelopment, socio-spatial segregation, housing production and real estate speculation. Chapter 4 has the proposal of discuss the roughness and resistance in the city. Addressing the transformations of the production of space processes, this chapter discuss the issue of housing in Sao Paulo, the struggle of the excluded versus State and Capital action, to get, finally, in the issue of popular demonstrations that surfaced in 2013 and 2014 because of the urban issue.

A fertirrigação tornou-se uma prática comum entre os agricultores mais tecnificados, constituindo uma das alternativas mais consistentes para se garantir altas produtividades. Tradicionalmente, o manejo da fertirrigação é feito mediante o uso curvas de absorção de nutrientes e recomendações para aplicação de fertilizantes. O monitoramento da concentração dos nutrientes na solução do solo através do uso de extratores com cápsula porosa aparece como uma técnica promissora para um manejo mais adequado da fertirrigação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a resposta da cultura do meloeiro quando submetida a diferentes concentrações controladas de nitrogênio-nitrato e potássio na solução do solo. Foram realizados, simultaneamente, dois experimentos em vasos sob condições de casa de vegetação, um com solo arenoso e outro com solo argiloso, adotando-se 13 tratamentos dispostos em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram definidos através de uma matriz denominada quadrado duplo e resultaram do manejo controlado das concentrações de nitrogênio e potássio na solução do solo. A cultura utilizada foi o meloeiro tipo cantaloupe, que foi irrigada por gotejamento com base nos dados de leituras tensiométricas sendo fertirrigada somente quando foi necessário, com base nos dados de concentração de nitrogênio e potássio. Foi avaliado, o comprimento da haste principal, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, área foliar média e matéria seca, nos solos arenoso e argiloso e o número de frutos, a produção, o peso médio dos frutos, a porcentagem rendilhamento da superfície dos frutos, o diâmetro dos frutos, a espessura e a firmeza da polpa e os sólidos solúveis totais, no solo argiloso. Foi realizada análise de variância e de regressão com o uso do SAS. Observou-se uma diferença no consumo acumulado de água de 27,6% no solo arenoso e 51,5% no argiloso. A concentração ótima de nitrogênio na solução do solo arenoso situou-se entre 100 e 180 mg L-1 e a de potássio em 468 mg L-1. As plantas do solo arenoso apresentaram baixo desempenho, indicando que as condições nutricionais não foram favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Nos primeiros 30 dias de cultivo no solo argiloso, as melhores concentrações de nitrogênio e de potássio foram 336 e 84 mg L-1, respectivamente. A primeira planta avaliada no solo argiloso apresentou um melhor desempenho que a mesma planta avaliada no solo arenoso. No final do ciclo de cultivo das plantas do solo argiloso, a melhor concentração de nitrogênio na solução do solo foi de 336 mg L-1 e a de potássio variou 35 e 44 mg L-1. Houve baixa produção e peso médio de frutos e os frutos colhidos tiveram, em geral, baixa qualidade. As melhores características de qualidade dos frutos foram obtidos com concentrações de nitrogênio na solução do solo entre 240 e 260 mg L-1, tendo o potássio variado entre 0 e 84 mg L-1. / The fertigation has become a common practice among farmers more advanced, constituting one of the most consistent alternative to ensure high yields. Traditionally, the fertigation management makes use of the uptake nutrients curves and recommendations to fertilizers apply. The tracking of the soil solution nutrients concentration through of the use porous cup extractors appears as a promising technique for the most appropriate management of fertigation. The aim of this research was to study the response of the melon crop when subjected to different controlled concentrations of nitrogen-nitrate and potassium in the soil solution. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in pots on condition of greenhouse, an with sand soil and another with clay, adopting 13 treatments disposing in to fully randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments were defined by a matrix called double square and resulted the management of controlled concentrations of nitrogen and potassium in the soil solution. The crop used was the cantaloupe melon, which was drip irrigated based on readings tensiometer and fertigation was carried out only when necessary based on concentration of nitrogen and potassium. Were evaluated the length of the main stem, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, average leaf area and dry matter in sandy and clay soils and the number of fruits, production, the average weight of fruit, the percentage of the area tracery fruit, the fruit diameter, thickness and firmness of flesh and the soluble solids in the clay soil. Were performed analysis of variance and regression using the SAS. There was a difference in consumption of water accumulated in the sandy soil of 27.6% and 51.5% in the clay. The optimal concentration of nitrogen in the solution of the sandy soil was between 100 and 180 mg L-1 and potassium in 468 mg L-1. The plants in sandy soil showed low performance, indicating that the nutritional conditions were not favorable for the development of culture. In the first 30 days of crop in clay soil, the best concentrations of nitrogen and potassium were 336 and 84 mg L-1, respectively. The first plant evaluated in clay soil had a better performance than the same plant assessed in sandy soil. At the end of the cycle of crop of plants in clay soil, the best concentration of nitrogen in soil solution was of 336 mg L-1 and potassium ranged from 35 and 44 mg L-1. There was low yield and average weight of fruits and fruits harvested, in general, were low quality. The best features of the quality of fruits were obtained with concentrations of nitrogen in soil solution between 240 and 260 mg L-1, and the potassium varied between 0 and 84 mg L-1.

Organ formation is an important step during development of an organism that combines different scales from the molecular to the tissue level. Many organogenesis phenomena involve epithelial morphogenesis, where sheets of cells undergo rearrangements to form complex architectures – organ precursors, which subsequently develop into mature organs. Timely development of the characteristic architectures of the organ precursors is crucial for successful organogenesis and is determined by the choice of epithelial rearrangements that organise the constituent cells in space and time. However, for many organogenesis events the cellular dynamics underlying such epithelial rearrangements remain elusive. In the work presented here, I investigated the morphogenesis of the hemispherical retinal neuroepithelium (RNE), that serves as an organ precursor of the neural retina. Formation of RNE is an important event in vertebrates that shapes the optic cup and sets the stage for subsequent eye development. I investigated RNE morphogenesis in the developing zebrafish embryo by visualising and investigating the cellular dynamics of the process in vivo. My findings show that the zebrafish RNE is shaped by the combined action of two different epithelial rearrangements – basal shrinkage of the neuroepithelial cells and involution of cells at the rim of the developing optic cup. The basal shrinkage of the neuroepithelial cells bends the neuroepithelial sheet and starts the process of invagination. However, my results show that the major player in RNE morphogenesis is rim involution. Rim involution translocates prospective RNE cells to their designated location in the invaginating layer and contributes to RNE invagination. My work unravelled the so far unknown mechanism of rim involution. I show that the rim cells involute by collective epithelial migration using directed membrane protrusions and dynamic cell-matrix contacts. If rim migration is perturbed, the prospective RNE cells cannot reach the invaginating layer. As a result, these migration-defective cells attain the RNE fate at an ectopic location and disrupt the tissue architecture. Therefore, rim migration coordinates the cellular location with the timing of RNE fate determination and orchestrates RNE morphogenesis in space and time. Overall, my work highlights how morphogenetic processes shape the organ precursor architecture and ensure timely organ formation. These findings provide important insights not only for eye development but also for epithelial morphogenesis and organogenesis in many other systems. / Für die Entwicklung eines Organismus ist die Bildung von Organen (Organogenese) von zentraler Bedeutung. Organogenese umfasst Prozesse auf allen Ebenen der Längenskala: von der molekularen Ebene, der Gewebeebene, bis hin zur Ebene des ganzen Organismus. Viele Phänomene der Organogenese beinhalten dabei Veränderungen von Epithelien, bei der sich Schichten von Zellen zu komplexen Strukturen - Organvorläufern - umwandeln. Diese entwickeln sich später zu vollständigen Organen. Die rechtzeitige Entwicklung der charakteristischen Architektur der Organvorläufer ist entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Organogenese und wird durch die Wahl der epithelialen Umwandlungsprozessen bestimmt, welche die Zellen in Raum und Zeit koordinieren müssen. Für viele dieser Prozesse ist jedoch genau diese zugrundeliegende Zelldynamik unklar. In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit untersuchte ich die Bildung des hemisphärischen retinalen Neuropepithels (RNE). Das RNE ist der Organvorläufer der neuralen Retina, weshalb dessen korrekte Bildung die Voraussetzung für die korrekte Entwicklung der Augen ist. Ich untersuchte die RNE-Morphogenese in sich entwickelnden Zebrafisch-Embryos durch Visualisierung und Untersuchung der zellulären Dynamik der beteiligten Prozesse in vivo. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das RNE in Zebrafischen durch die kombinierte Umwandlung von zwei verschiedenen Epithelien geformt wird. Zum einen findet eine Verkleinerung des basalen Prozesses der neuroepithelialen Zellen statt, zum anderen die Involution von Randzellen. Die basale Verkleinerung der neuroepithelialen Zellen verbiegt die neuroepitheliale Schicht und führt zur Einstülpung des RNE. Meine Ergebnisse zeigten allerdings, dass Involution von Randzellen noch bedeutsamer für die RNE-Morphogenese ist. Die involution von Randzellen transportiert potenzielle RNE-Zellen in das Neuroepithel und trägt zur RNE-Einstülpung bei. Die Bedeutung meiner Arbeit liegt darin, den bisher unbekannten Mechanismus der Randzell-Involution entdeckt zu haben. Ich zeigte, dass die Randzellen sich aktiv durch kollektive epitheliale Migration bewegen indem sie gerichtete Membranforsätze und dynamische Zell zu Matrix Kontakte etablieren. Wird die Migration der Randzellen inhibiert, so führt dies dazu, dass diese Zellen die eingestülpte RNE Schicht nicht erreichen. Sie landen dann an den falschen Positionen, wo sie die Gewerbearchitektur stören können. Daher koordiniert die Randzellmigration die Position der Zellen und orchestriert die RNE-Morphogenese in Raum und Zeit. Insgesamt zeigt meine Arbeit, wie morphogenetische Prozesse die Organvorläuferarchitektur prägen und eine rechtzeitige Organbildung sicherstellen. Diese Erkenntnisse sind sowohl für das Verständnis der Augenentwicklung, als auch für das der epithelialen Morphogenese und Organogenese in anderen Systemen von großer Bedeutung.

Purpose: The primary goal of this research study was to describe the experiences of South African spectators as it pertains to the 2010 FIFA World Cup (WC) South AfricaTM . As this study focused on spectators' experiences before, during and after the 2010 FIFA WC, three secondary goals were identified, namely to describe South African spectators' experiences prior to the 2010 FIFA WC, to describe South African spectators' experiences during the 2010 FIFA WC and to describe South African spectators' experiences after the 2010 FIFA WC. Methodology: The researcher adopted a descriptive phenomenological research position, in particular the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method (DPRM). With reference to this study, an objective phenomenon (the 2010 FIFA WC) was primarily understood by the researcher through the participants' (South African spectators) subjective descriptions of their first-hand experience of this phenomenon. This objective phenomenon presented itself within the mind of the individual and the researcher had access to this reality through the participants' written accounts and consequent interviews. Therefore two methods of data collection was used. The notions of reduction, bracketing, and free imagination were used in order to keep the researcher's personal biases and prior knowledge from contaminating the knowledge of the objective phenomenon. Findings: From the experiences prior to the 2010 FIFA WC there were four essences that emerged. Firstly, there was a sense of anticipation in SA in the build up towards the tournament. Participants were excited about socialising with foreigners, the performance of the South African national team as well as the opportunity to showcase SA's capabilities to host such an event. The second essence that emerged was the descriptions of the atmosphere in SA. There were some mixed emotions experienced leading up to the tournament with some being excited and others feeling pessimistic about SA's ability to host the tournament successfully. Thirdly, there was a sense of companionship between the participants and their friends as well as within SA as a nation. The final essence focussed on obtaining tickets, where some found it to be a complicating process while others had a surprisingly positive experience. From the experiences during the tournament there were again four essences. Firstly, participants had mostly positive experiences of attending the live matches. Secondly, participants made mention of the impressive organisation of the event. The third essence related to the enjoyable social interactions that they experienced. The final essence was a description of their experiences of the Vuvuzelas that came to be very popular during the tournament. From the experiences after the tournament, there were four essences. The first essence describes how there was a sense of unity among SA as a nation but it seemed to have faded quite quickly after the tournament. Secondly, the participants discovered a lot about themselves during the tournament and the essence of the positive experiences of socialising was once again prevalent. Finally, the participants were impressed with the improvements in infrastructure that left a physical legacy of a “once in a lifetime” event / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Psychology / UPonly

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To evaluate disease- and patient-related characteristics, mortality, and charges associated with non-AIDS defining malignancies (NADM) among inpatient settings in the United States from 2005 to 2009. Methods: This retrospective cohort investigation utilized nationally-representative hospital discharge records from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (H-CUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Inclusion criteria included adult inpatients ≥18 years with a diagnosis of HIV or AIDS and malignant neoplasms. Multivariate regression analyses were used to assess inpatient mortality and charges. Main Results: Overall, 104,488 were included. Average age associated with each case was 46.9 years (±10.66), with 21.9% cases being female (n=22,868). The mean length of stay was 8.6 days (±10.5) and inpatient mortality occurred in 7.7% of cases (n=8,035). The mean number of procedures performed was 2.3 (±2.5) and the mean number of diagnoses on record was 9.5 (±4.4). Charges for each episode of care averaged $59,483 (±85,748), summing to a national bill of $6.14 billion (2011 dollars) over the five-year course. A higher number of cases were associated with teaching hospitals (74.1%), the south (42%), large metropolitan areas (75.1%), median household income in the 0-25th percentile (41.2%), and Medicaid payers (34.3%). Increased mortality was associated with increased age, increased number of diagnoses and procedures, and the comorbidities of anemia, coagulopathy, lymphoma, and fluid and electrolyte disorders. Conclusions: This investigation of NADMs suggest a considerable clinical and economic burden of illness, summing to a 7.7% inpatient death rate and $1.3 billion in charges per year.

Denna studie görs i samarbete med ett modeföretag som ska ta fram en ny modell av sport-bh med dubbla kupstorlekar. Då företaget tidigare inte haft en liknande produkt utan bara använt sig av enkla kupstorlekar behövs en måttlista med graderingsintervaller. Dessa intervaller ska vara anpassade för denna typ av dubbla kupstorlekar. Företagets graderingsintervaller sammanställs och ett grundmönster för en bh graderas enligt detta och även efter svensk standard. För att kunna jämföra vilken gradering som passar bäst för sport-bh:n sys de graderade bh:arna upp i två olika storlekar och provas av. De dubbla kupstorlekarna jämförs med samma bh modell graderad i enkla kupstorlekar, här bedöms om passform och volym på kupan är likvärdig. Resultatet av graderingen och avprovningarna visar på att de dubbla kupstorlekarna graderade efter företagets intervaller ger bäst passform för de önskade dubbla kupstorlekarna. / This study is performed in collaboration with a fashion company to develop a sports bra with double cup sizes instead of cups with single sizes. The company doesn’t have this type of product in its current line and needs a grading that is adapted for this type of cup and a measurement chart with grading intervals. Grading intervals from both the company and SIS (Swedish standard) are compared to determine which grading intervals fit this purpose best.  A bra pattern is then graded for each different interval. The two different graded bras are sewn in two different sizes each that are evaluated during a fitting session. The test person also compares the fit and size of the double cup size to a single cup size. The result of the grading and the fittings show that the grading according to the company provides the best fit for the desired double cup sizes.