Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-03T19:07:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALANE COSTA. 2007.pdf: 387309 bytes, checksum: 9b41b294a412134650907230a3a2833b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-07T13:53:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALANE COSTA. 2007.pdf: 387309 bytes, checksum: 9b41b294a412134650907230a3a2833b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-07T13:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALANE COSTA. 2007.pdf: 387309 bytes, checksum: 9b41b294a412134650907230a3a2833b (MD5) / Diversas transformações têm ocorrido no cenário econômico internacional, repercutindo de maneira significativa sobre o mercado de trabalho, acarretando, dentre outros aspectos, um avanço das ocupações precárias e informais. No Brasil, os reflexos dessas transformações repercutem sobre o mercado de trabalho através do aumento do desemprego, e da queda da qualidade dos empregos, evidente no crescimento da participação dos trabalhadores no setor informal da economia. Em Salvador, o número de empregados sem carteira assinada tem crescido, caracterizando a precarização do emprego nessa área urbana. Geralmente, os trabalhadores informais executam serviços mais arriscados e perigosos, apresentando maiores incidências de acidentes de trabalho e outros problemas de saúde. Diante desse contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender a construção dos significados e práticas culturais associados ao trabalho do vendedor ambulante - tradicionalmente inserido no setor informal da economia - além de suas ressonâncias no modo como esses trabalhadores interpretam e lidam com os possíveis riscos de acidentes e adoecimento. Trata-se de um estudo que apresenta uma abordagem socioantropológica e metodologia qualitativa. Participaram nove trabalhadores com quem foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, guiadas por roteiros semiestruturados, além de observação participante no centro da cidade e na praia, com registros em diário de campo. A perspectiva adotada está norteada pela antropologia interpretativa de Geertz, empreendendo-se um esforço para evidenciar o sistema simbólico que perpassa esse grupo social. Os resultados demonstram que o trabalho como vendedor ambulante é descrito como desgastante e extremamente discriminado, podendo se converter em fonte de sofrimento devido à desvalorização e descrédito social que o acompanha, configurando-se numa atividade que não resulta de uma escolha, mas de fatores como desemprego, baixa escolaridade e qualificação profissional. O processo de trabalho varia de acordo com o tipo de mercadoria comercializada. Há o reconhecimento de que esse trabalho pode trazer consequências para a saúde tanto em relação às doenças, destacando-se o câncer de pele e as micoses, quanto aos acidentes de trabalho, principalmente, os cortes, as quedas e as queimaduras. Pode-se identificar a presença de riscos tradicionais, vinculados às específicas formas de adoecimento e tipos de acidentes vivenciados; riscos invisíveis, expressos, fundamentalmente, na desvalorização social; e os riscos relacionados às violências, sejam elas físicas, psicológicas ou morais. Esse estudo contribui, portanto, para um maior conhecimento sobre o trabalho do vendedor ambulante, destacando os problemas que atingem esse grupo ocupacional, fornecendo elementos para a formulação de políticas públicas adequadas.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-11T15:07:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Orlando Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 9128787 bytes, checksum: 273c1486b698a97fefe8a94330739d65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-15T15:13:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Orlando Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 9128787 bytes, checksum: 273c1486b698a97fefe8a94330739d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T15:13:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Orlando Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 9128787 bytes, checksum: 273c1486b698a97fefe8a94330739d65 (MD5) / CAPES / Nesta tese analiso o cotidiano e as práticas do comércio de rua no Centro Antigo de Salvador sob o olhar da contemporaneidade, situando os contextos históricos nos quais se desenvolveram essas atividades. Busco refletir sobre as experiências relativas aos saberes e práticas mantidas e/ou adaptadas pelas populações bem como as relações sociais e as questões de territorialidade no contexto das suas trajetórias de vida. As reflexões sobre o mercado de trabalho local englobam o seu passado urbano, seus atuais aspectos e as configurações comerciais que representam um perfil marcante da cidade, desde a época colonial. Argumento que existe um conjunto especifico de atividades importantes no passado, com um peso social significativo na capital baiana e que, apesar disso, foram combatidas pelas políticas higiênico-sanitárias da colônia e pelo crescimento produtivo das atuais práticas de comércio. Porém, através de uma resistência forjada em contextos de extremas desigualdades, ainda sobrevivem sob o estigma da marginalidade.In this thesis I analyze the everyday and street trade practices in Old Salvador from the perspective of contemporary, placing the historical contexts in which they developed these activities. I seek to reflect on the experiences related to knowledge and practices maintained and / or adapted by the people and the social relations and territorial issues in the context of their life histories. Reflections on the local labor market include its urban past, their current aspects and commercial settings that represent a striking profile of the city, from the colonial era. Argument that there is a specific set of important activities in the past, with a significant social weight in Salvador and that, nevertheless, were fought by the hygienic and sanitary policies of the colony and the productive growth of current trade practices. However, through a resistance forged in the extreme inequalities contexts, still survive under the stigma of marginality.

The master's thesis examines street names, names of the public areas and also names of particular buildings in the city of Pisek. Firstly, the developments of the street names as well as their changes since the beginning of the twentieth century are described. Toponymy of names found both in historical centre as well as other city districts is analysed in the main part of the thesis. Urbanonyms are semantically classified with a special attention to honorific theme. The linguistic classification analyzing word-forming structure is also attached. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the known toponymy of the city of Pisek.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação de mestrado trata da prática do recolhimento de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, como um tipo de política de governo que vem reproduzindo e perpetuando um estado de barbárie, intolerância e desumanidade junto a esse segmento da população. A contextualização deste fenômeno é feita durante o período que vai de 2001 a 2011 marco dos 10 anos de constituição da Rede Rio Criança na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e das gestões do Prefeito César Maia (2001 a 2009), e os 02 primeiros anos da gestão de Eduardo Paes na Prefeitura do Rio (2010 -2011). Para uma análise mais aprofundada, é importante nos reportarmos à história recente para entendermos melhor o desenvolvimento deste fenômeno e o seu processo contraditório, que tem no sistema capitalista o aprofundamento das desigualdades e da intolerância, a produção de subjetividades sobre o jovem perigoso, e a perpetuação de práticas de controle e repressão direcionadas aos pobres. Nesse processo, observamos a manutenção de práticas retrógradas inspiradas no higienismo e eugenia. Procuro também trazer minha implicação com essa história, e dialogar com alguns autores, trabalhando certas categorias para ajudar na construção do objeto. Como estes fatos foram sendo histórica, social e culturalmente construídos e ainda nos constituem no presente, que tipo de racionalidade está presente, saber o que esses meninos e meninas, vítimas das operações de recolhimento, sentem, de que forma estas práticas os afeta e quais são as conseqüências em suas vidas, são questões importantes trabalhadas nesta pesquisa. / This Master Sccience dissertation deals with the practice of gathering children and adolescents on the streets in the city of Rio de Janeiro, as a kind of government policy that is reproducing and perpetuating a state of barbarism, intolerance and inhumanity to this segment of the population. The background of this phenomenon is made during the period 2001 to 2011, when Rio Criança Network, when the network celebrated its 10 years of foundation in Rio de Janeiro city and, the establishment of the administrations of Cesar Maia (2001 to 2009) and the two firsts years of management of Eduardo Paes in Rio de Janeiro (2010-2011). For further analysis, it is important report the recent history to better understand the development of this phenomenon and its contradictory process, which have in the capitalist system the deepening of inequality and intolerance, the production of subjectivities on the dangerous youngers, and the perpetuation of control practices and repression directed to the poor people. In this process, we observed the maintenance of retrograde practices inspired by the hygienism and eugenic. I also try to bring my involvement with this story, and dialogue with other authors, working some categories to help build the object. As these facts have been historically, socially and culturally constructed and still are in the present, what kind of rationality is present, to know these boys and girls victims of the operations of withdrawal, feel how these pratices afected theys and what are the consequences in their lives, these questions are important issues analyzed in this research.

This thesis examines how the agency of informal vendors in Kampala, Uganda, is shaped by the state. It argues that efforts by the President and the NRM to monopolize political power have dramatically restricted the agency of informal street and market vendors, forcing them to adapt to changing political circumstances in ways that have limited their ability to participate in urban development and economic life. This argument is presented through two examples of how expanding political control has led to a contraction of vendors’ agency. The first of these describes how the early decentralization and democratization reforms introduced by the NRM allowed street vendors to take advantage of competition between newly elected and empowered politicians to remain on the city’s streets, and how the central government’s subsequent recentralization and de-democratization of political power in Kampala has led to the repression of street vending while closing the channels of influence that vendors previously enjoyed. The second explores how efforts by the central government to undermine the opposition-led local government allowed market vendors to successfully oppose an unpopular market privatization initiative, and how both the President and the new city government have since been able to take advantage of disputes within markets for their own purposes while vendors have been largely unable to realize their market management and development ambitions. Both examples detail the causes, forms and implications of the ruling party’s monopolization of political power and explore how vendors have responded to their changing political circumstances, highlighting how these efforts face significant obstacles due to the increasingly restrictive environment in which vendors are forced to act. This thesis shows that the agency of informal vendors—while always manifest in certain ways—is constantly and increasingly constrained as the President and the ruling party tighten their grip on power. As their political exclusion precipitates a broader exclusion from urban development and economic life, informal vendors are forced to contend with a situation of increasing marginalization and vulnerability that they are largely unable to improve.

Este estudo problematiza práticas culturais de tribos de jovens grafiteiros e pichadores em espaços urbanos de Porto Alegre – RS, entre os anos de 2008 e 2009. Tem como referencial teórico o campo dos Estudos Culturais, da Cultura Visual e busca ferramentas metodológicas da etnografia pós-moderna. O corpus da pesquisa foi construído a partir de fotografias, filmagens, diários de campo, entrevistas e conversas que possibilitaram a construção dos eixos analíticos. O primeiro eixo – Assinaturas rascunhadas num blackbook: esboçando modos de (vi)ver – destacou o uso de cadernos escolares, blocos de desenho e agendas para a realização de esboços iniciais, os quais atuam tanto como espaços para ‗treinamento‘ de letras utilizadas no graffiti como elemento de socialização para a participação em grupos afins. O segundo eixo – Linhas, curvas, cores, poesias e 'kaos': demarcando formas (dis)formes – priorizou as interações dos graffiti e das pichações nos espaços urbanos, atribuindo a tais práticas culturais a localização dos múltiplos interstícios presentes na metrópole. Ao demarcarem territórios, os grafiteiros e pichadores promovem outros mapeamentos urbanos em que o corpo orgânico dos jovens sujeitos e o corpo de concreto da cidade se fundem numa espécie de ‗pele urbana‘. O último movimento analítico – Na fluidez da contemporaneidade: a produção de outras pedagogias – inferiu que, se por um lado, os graffiti e as pichações produzem outras pedagogias que rompem com conceitos formais de educação, por outro, observa-se que suas presenças e usos em espaços institucionais (como escolas, museus e galerias de arte) apontam para uma ‗pedagogização‘ dessas práticas culturais. À guisa de conclusão, compreende-se que, a partir dessas práticas constituídas em meio a uma urbanidade contemporânea, grafiteiros e pichadores atuam em redes sociais móveis, plurais e abertas, reforçando suas condições de ser e estar jovem em contextos contemporâneos. A característica transgressora e ilegal de tais práticas culturais também permitiu uma aproximação às formas plurais de resistências que são manifestadas nos cotidianos juvenis urbanos. / This study discusses cultural practices of youth tribes of grafitters and street writers in urban areas of Porto Alegre – RS through the years of 2008 and 2009. The theoretical support of this thesis is found in the field of Cultural Studies and Visual Cultures. Methodologicaly it uses the theoretical contributions of Postmodern Ethnographic Studies.The empirical corpus of the research was built from photographs, films, field notes, interviews and conversations that enabled the construction of analytical categories related. The first main pivot – Subscriptions drafted at a blackbook: outlining ways of live/view – highlights the use of school notebooks, sketch pads and agendas for the completion of initial sketches, which can be taken both as spaces for 'training' letters used in graffiti and as element of socialization for participation in that kind of youth groups. The second main pivot - Lines, curves, colors, poetry and 'kaos': delimiting forms distorted – prioritizes the interactions of graffiti and street writings in urban spaces, assigning to such cultural practices the location of the multiple interstices present in the metropolis. To demarcate territories, graffiti artists and taggers promote other urban maps through which the organic body of the young subjects and the body of concrete of the city merge into a kind of 'urban skin'. The final analytic pivot – In the fluidity of contemporaneity: the production of other pedagogies – inferred that if, on one hand, the graffiti and the street writings produce other pedagogies that break with formal concepts of education, on the other hand, it is observed that their presences and practices in institutional spaces (such as schools, museums and art galleries) show a 'pedagogization' of these cultural practices. By way of conclusion it is understood that from such practices constituted in the midst of a contemporary urbanity, grafitters and street writers operate in mobile social networks, pluralist and open, strengthening their positions to be young in contemporary contexts. The illegal and transgressive characteristics of such cultural practices also allowed to approach to the plural forms of resistance that are expressed in the urban youth quotidian.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a interface do conceito de resiliência com a constituição da rua como habitat/morada possível, ainda que precária, para adolescentes que vivem em situação de rua, em Salvador/BA. Tomando como base as perspectivas teóricas da Abordagem Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano e da Psicologia Positiva, foi adotada uma metodologia qualitativa, com inserção ecológica e estudos de caso. Utilizaram-se vários instrumentos para a coleta de dados: diário de campo, entrevista e cartaz. Esses instrumentos foram adaptados às necessidades de uma abordagem temporal, que se desdobrou em passado, presente e futuro, tentando-se, assim, captar fenômenos em sua dinamicidade natural, apesar dos limites impostos por uma pesquisa transversal. O estudo envolveu a análise de dois casos de adolescentes que vivem em situação de rua permitindo a caracterização dos ambientes físicos e sociais onde eles se inserem, suas histórias de vida, a presença de fatores de proteção e de risco permeando essas histórias e os contextos dos quais elas emergem. A transitoriedade e precariedade das moradas explicitam o sentir, o pensar e o viver de uma adolescência que procura nesse fluir permanente, paradoxalmente, a referência estrutural de um lar que continuamente se esvai. A busca desse lar desfeito e as moradas, mesmo precárias, resultantes trazem, em si, um sentido de adaptação positiva, constituindo processos de resiliência. / The aim of this research was to survey the interface of the concept of resilience with the transformation of the street into an eventual habitat /dwelling, even though precarious, for the adolescents in Salvador/BA who live on the streets. Based on the theoretical perspectives of the Bio-ecological Approach for Human Development and the Positive Psychology, a qualitative approach was adopted, encompassing the ecological insertion and case studies. Several instruments were used for collecting data: field log, interviews and posters. These were adapted bearing in mind the needs of a temporal approach that was unfolded into past, present and future, thus aiming at capturing the phenomena at their natural dynamics, despite the limits that were imposed by a cross-sectional survey. The study comprised the analysis of two cases of adolescents who live on the streets and which enabled the characterization of the physical and social environments where they are inserted, their life histories, the presence of protection and risk factors that permeate these stories and the contexts where they emerge from. The transitoriness and precariousness of their dwellings make explicit these adolescents’ ways of feeling, thinking and living. Although it may seem a paradox, through this continuous flow, they search the structural reference of a home that is continuously fading. The search for this broken home and for the dwellings, even though precarious, brings a sense of positive adaptation leading to resilience projects.

Dynamic signal control provides significant benefits in terms of travel time, travel time reliability, and other performance measures of transportation systems. The goal of this research is to develop and evaluate a methodology to support the planning for operations of dynamic signal control utilizing a multi-resolution analysis approach. The multi-resolution analysis modeling combines analysis, modeling, and simulation (AMS) tools to support the assessment of the impacts of dynamic traffic signal control. Dynamic signal control strategies are effective in relieving congestions during non-typical days, such as those with high demands, incidents with different attributes, and adverse weather conditions. This research recognizes the need to model the impacts of dynamic signal controls for different days representing, different demand and incident levels. Methods are identified to calibrate the utilized tools for the patterns during different days based on demands and incident conditions utilizing combinations of real-world data with different levels of details. A significant challenge addressed in this study is to ensure that the mesoscopic simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models produces turning movement volumes at signalized intersections with sufficient accuracy for the purpose of the analysis. Although, an important aspect when modeling incident responsive signal control is to determine the capacity impacts of incidents considering the interaction between the drop in capacity below demands at the midblock urban street segment location and the upstream and downstream signalized intersection operations. A new model is developed to estimate the drop in capacity at the incident location by considering the downstream signal control queue spillback effects. A second model is developed to estimate the reduction in the upstream intersection capacity due to the drop in capacity at the midblock incident location as estimated by the first model. These developed models are used as part of a mesoscopic simulation-based DTA modeling to set the capacity during incident conditions, when such modeling is used to estimate the diversion during incidents. To supplement the DTA-based analysis, regression models are developed to estimate the diversion rate due to urban street incidents based on real-world data. These regression models are combined with the DTA model to estimate the volume at the incident location and alternative routes. The volumes with different demands and incident levels, resulting from DTA modeling are imported to a microscopic simulation model for more detailed analysis of dynamic signal control. The microscopic model shows that the implementation of special signal plans during incidents and different demand levels can improve mobility measures.

Grounded in fieldwork within a civil association of street vendors in Mexico City, my research interweaves ethnographic and historical approaches to better understand the ways people read and interpret each other in everyday encounters. The study explores representations of street markets in Mexico City’s dominant discourses. Using field methods such as participant observation, filmmaking and street photography, I outline the benefits and difficulties implicated in the assemblage of a periodic market in public spaces. I also trace the trajectories of street market participants in order to understand the role and significance of street markets in their everyday lives and existence in the city. I use the notion of ‘trajectories’ proposed by Massey to define street markets as places of encounters. Following daylight and the daily rhythm of the market, I relate social interactions with the nuances of living in the city. By exploring methods of verbal and non-verbal communication in social interactions in the street market such as dar vista and tantear, I examine the kind of socialities that emerge from these encounters. These practices of communication also allow people to formulate social critiques about the ways of living and socialising in a megacity. Finally, the website that accompanies the thesis, www.diadetianguis.org, is grounded in the idea of trajectories. It aims to explore non-linear modes of ethnographic representation that can enhance and interrelate different ways of approaching and interpreting ethnographic data through a variety of means, such as audiovisual media, mapping and hypermedia. I recommend that one reads the thesis along with the hyperlinks given in particular sections, as a means to encourage the reader to make her own way to explore the website and remaining chapters. The website is also available in the complementary DVD entitled ‘www.diadetianguis.org’. To access the home page, please open the DVD and click on the file: tianguis/index.html. Clicking on this file will open the web browser and allow for navigating the website offline.

This diploma thesis deals with a topic of pastoral street work as a new form of crime prevention and opens up the theme of this new approach inspired by the international Christian movement Street Pastors. The goal of this diploma thesis is to describe the possibilities how to implement pastoral street work idea in environment of the Prague I Municipality District. As being traditional centre of culture, science, business, public services and tourism, Prague faces today to many associating problems resulting from increase in number of tourists. First, the author describes these problems such as increasing noise, higher criminality, noise disturbance or alcohol consumption in the night streets. Further, the author defines the basic concepts of social work, and describes briefly the history of Christian mutual help in terrain. Then she focuses on the movement Street Pastors that could be an alternative solution to these problems and describes on it's mission, vision, values and principles. Street Pastors is an international network of Christian volunteers, that focuses on similar problems in many cities worldwide. Finaly, the author proposes how ideas of Street Pastors could be applied in Prague.