O microrganismo gram-negativo Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fortemente associado a quadros de periodontite agressiva, coloniza a cavidade oral, aderindo e invadindo as células epiteliais e participando da formação de biofilme nas superfícies do hospedeiro. A. actinomycetemcomitans expressa Aae, uma proteína de superfície, relacionada com a adesão às células epiteliais. Este estudo avaliou o papel de Aae na adesão a outros substratos tais como proteínas extracelulares colagenosas e não-colagenosas, hidroxiapatita recoberta por saliva (SHA) e na formação de biofilme. Um mutante nulo em aae foi construído e o fenótipo comparado com o da linhagem selvagem (VT1169). O mutante nulo exibiu significativa redução na adesão às células epiteliais e a SHA, na formação de biofilme, além de apresentar-se menos hidrofóbico que a linhagem parental. A capacidade de adesão ao colágeno V e a fibronectina foi fracamente afetada pela interrupção do gene aae. Entretanto, o mutante nulo em aae exibiu uma capacidade diminuída na adesão à laminina e colágenos I, III e IV. Estes dados sugerem que Aae desempenha um importante papel na colonização da cavidade oral, não somente promovendo sua adesão às células epiteliais, mas também a outros substratos. / The gram-negative organism Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, associated with aggressive periodontitis, colonizes the oral cavity by binding to and invading epithelial cells and by participating in biofilms formed in host surfaces. A. actinomycetemcomitans express Aae, a surface protein, implicated in the adhesion to epithelial cells. This study evaluated the role of Aae in adhesion to other substrates such as collagen and non-collagen extracellular matrix proteins and saliva coated hydroxyapatite (SHA) and in biofilm formation. A null mutant in aae was constructed and its behavior was compared with the wild type strain VT1169. The null mutant exhibited a decreased ability to bind to epithelial cells and to SHA, formed less biofilm and was less hydrophobic than the parental strain. The abilities to bind to collagen V and fibronectin were very poorly affected by aae interruption. However, the null aae mutant exhibited a decreased ability to adhere to laminin, collagen I, III and IV. These data suggest that Aae may play an important role in the colonization of the oral cavity by A. actinomycetemcomitans, not only by promoting its adhesion to epithelial cells, but by mediating adhesion to other substrates.

O microrganismo gram-negativo Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fortemente associado a quadros de periodontite agressiva, coloniza a cavidade oral, aderindo e invadindo as células epiteliais e participando da formação de biofilme nas superfícies do hospedeiro. A. actinomycetemcomitans expressa Aae, uma proteína de superfície, relacionada com a adesão às células epiteliais. Este estudo avaliou o papel de Aae na adesão a outros substratos tais como proteínas extracelulares colagenosas e não-colagenosas, hidroxiapatita recoberta por saliva (SHA) e na formação de biofilme. Um mutante nulo em aae foi construído e o fenótipo comparado com o da linhagem selvagem (VT1169). O mutante nulo exibiu significativa redução na adesão às células epiteliais e a SHA, na formação de biofilme, além de apresentar-se menos hidrofóbico que a linhagem parental. A capacidade de adesão ao colágeno V e a fibronectina foi fracamente afetada pela interrupção do gene aae. Entretanto, o mutante nulo em aae exibiu uma capacidade diminuída na adesão à laminina e colágenos I, III e IV. Estes dados sugerem que Aae desempenha um importante papel na colonização da cavidade oral, não somente promovendo sua adesão às células epiteliais, mas também a outros substratos. / The gram-negative organism Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, associated with aggressive periodontitis, colonizes the oral cavity by binding to and invading epithelial cells and by participating in biofilms formed in host surfaces. A. actinomycetemcomitans express Aae, a surface protein, implicated in the adhesion to epithelial cells. This study evaluated the role of Aae in adhesion to other substrates such as collagen and non-collagen extracellular matrix proteins and saliva coated hydroxyapatite (SHA) and in biofilm formation. A null mutant in aae was constructed and its behavior was compared with the wild type strain VT1169. The null mutant exhibited a decreased ability to bind to epithelial cells and to SHA, formed less biofilm and was less hydrophobic than the parental strain. The abilities to bind to collagen V and fibronectin were very poorly affected by aae interruption. However, the null aae mutant exhibited a decreased ability to adhere to laminin, collagen I, III and IV. These data suggest that Aae may play an important role in the colonization of the oral cavity by A. actinomycetemcomitans, not only by promoting its adhesion to epithelial cells, but by mediating adhesion to other substrates.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-01-20T14:58:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Guelda Cristina de Oliveira.pdf: 1711352 bytes, checksum: 8fe8b5e1b0a3e21afe6e3b51de8e657c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-01-20T14:59:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Guelda Cristina de Oliveira.pdf: 1711352 bytes, checksum: 8fe8b5e1b0a3e21afe6e3b51de8e657c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T14:59:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Guelda Cristina de Oliveira.pdf: 1711352 bytes, checksum: 8fe8b5e1b0a3e21afe6e3b51de8e657c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / A pesquisa elege como tema “O trabalho educativo e o profissional de apoio administrativo educacional de Mato Grosso: uma demanda para as universidades públicas” tendo em vista a busca pelo entendimento de como a formação na educação superior reflete no trabalho educativo desenvolvido pelo profissional de apoio administrativo educacional (AAE), no espaço da escola pública de educação básica. O procedimento metodológico do trabalho está ancorado na pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, fundamentada na perspectiva do materialismo histórico-dialético. A princípio, aborda-se o papel da universidade na sociedade, o acesso desse profissional à formação na educação superior, o referencial teórico da formação e da gestão democrática com destaque para a atuação do profissional de AAE nos espaços democráticos da escola, bem como, o conceito de educador a partir da lei nº 12.014/09 e de trabalho educativo. A pesquisa apresenta a história do referido profissional e a busca pela formação na educação superior, os marcos legais da formação que fortaleceram todo o processo de luta e conquistas na carreira, ainda aponta a invisibilidade desse profissional nas pesquisas acadêmicas, sobretudo, desafia as Instituições de Educação Superior à ofertarem tal formação ao profissional de AAE. Os resultados da pesquisa, retratam que esse profissional permaneceu sem formação durante quase dois séculos e mesmo com a garantia da legislação, a política de formação superior para o profissional de AAE, além de ser insuficiente pra atender a demanda, parece não ter se firmado do ponto de vista da implementação e do seu sentido formativo. As entrevistas mostram que, a formação na educação superior reflete tanto o universo da escola como na vida pessoal do indivíduo, com vistas na valorização profissional e no trabalho educativo. O estado de Mato Grosso não tem desenvolvido e/ou implementado nenhuma política de formação voltada ao profissional em questão, entre o período de 1998 a 2013, além do projeto Sala de Educador, embora, o sindicato tenha assumido seu papel de fomentar essa política pública, considerando sua importância no contexto da escola pública de educação básica. / The research aims the following theme "The educational work and professional educational administrative support of Mato Grosso: a demand for public universities" in order to search the understanding on how the schooling in superior education reflects in the educational work of the professional educational administrative support (AAE) within the public school of basic education. The methodological procedure of work is anchored in literature, documentary and field, based on the perspective of historical and dialectical materialism. The main theme addresses the role of the university in society, access to this professional training in higher education, the theoretical training and democratic management with emphasis on the role of the AAE in professional school democratic spaces, as well as the concept of educator from the Law No. 12,014 / 09 and educational work. The research presents the referred professional history and the search for training in higher education, the legal frameworks of training that strengthened the process of struggle and achievements in career, it also shows the invisibility of this professional in academic research, above all, defies the Higher Education institutions to offer such training to AAE professional. The survey results depict that they remained without professional training for almost two centuries and even with the assurance of legislation, higher education policy for the AAE professional as well as being insufficient to meet demand, it seems not to have signed the point of view of implementation and their formation direction. The interviews show that the training in higher education reflects both the school universe as in the individual's personal life, it has been aimed at professional development and educational work. The state of Mato Grosso has not developed and / or implemented any focused on vocational training policy in question, between the period 1998 to 2013, beyond the Educator room design, although the union has assumed its role to promote this public policy considering its importance in the context of public school basic education.

Nas últimas décadas do século XX as ações relacionadas a compatibilização das ações humanas com a qualidade do meio urbano passaram a fazer parte de agendas políticas e tratados internacionais. No Brasil, este processo se concretizou - no plano institucional - por meio do estabelecimento do Estatuto da Cidade e seus instrumentos de política urbana. Contudo, após mais de uma década de sua implementação ainda é notória a continuidade de um modelo de planejamento e gestão urbanos que nega a existência dos conflitos socioambientais inerentes ao processo de urbanização e, por sua vez, negligencia o desenvolvimento de ações de enfrentamento de seus problemas. No quadro internacional destaca-se a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE), que tem como foco a avaliação dos potenciais efeitos ambientais decorrentes de ações estratégicas no âmbito de políticas, planos e programas de desenvolvimento, e que permite a identificação de alternativas para o desenvolvimento urbano e a incorporação de objetivos ambientais e de sustentabilidade junto aos objetivos inicialmente estabelecidos. A literatura profissional da AAE destaca que o sucesso do instrumento é decorrente do foco estabelecido por seus Objetivos e Indicadores, elementos substanciais para a sua aplicação. Sendo assim, considera-se relevante indagar sobre quais aproximações metodológicas seriam necessárias para assegurar a aplicabilidade da AAE ao planejamento urbano brasileiro por meio dos Planos Diretores. A partir desta perspectiva, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral apresentar e discutir procedimentos e aspectos metodológicos que envolvem a definição de objetivos e indicadores a serem empregados em uma AAE voltada ao planejamento do desenvolvimento urbano no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos, orientados para o caso do município de São Carlos (SP), permitem visualizar o potencial de integração da AAE para promoção da sustentabilidade na elaboração de Planos Diretores no contexto brasileiro. / In the last decades of the twentieth century the actions related to compliance of human actions with the quality of the urban environment became part of political agendas and international treaties. In Brazil, this process materialized - at institutional level - through the establishment of the City Statute and its instruments of urban policy. However, after more than one decade of its implementation is still noticeable continuity of a model of urban planning and management that denies the existence of environmental conflicts inherent in the process of urbanization and, in turn, overlooks the development of actions to confront their problems. On the international front there is the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which focuses on the assessment of potential environmental effects arising from strategic actions in development policies, plans and programs, and allows the identification of alternatives for urban development and the incorporation of environmental objectives and sustainability with the development goals initially set. The professional literature in the SEA emphasizes that the success of the instrument is due to the focus established by its Objectives and Indicators, substantial elements for your application. Hence it is relevant to inquire about which methodological approaches were needed to ensure the applicability of SEA to the Brazilian urban planning through the Master Plans. From this perspective, this research has the overall objective to present and discuss procedures and methodological aspects involved in setting objectives and indicators to be used in an SEA focused on urban development planning in the Brazilian context. The results, oriented to the case of São Carlos (SP), let you see the potential for integration of SEA to promote sustainability in the development of Master Plans in the Brazilian context.

Previous research has shown that African American children are prone to score lower on vocabulary tests when compared to their white peers (Champion et al., 2003; Qi et al., 2006; Restrepo et al., 2006; Thomas-Tate et al., 2006; Washington & Craig, 1992). The dialect spoken by these children may be affecting their performance. However, little is known about how dialect use interacts with word learning abilities. The current study continues a project initiated by Wyatt, Bahr, and Silliman (2007) which examined dialectal influences on the fast mapping of novel stimuli in preschool children. The participants in the current study were 19 typically developing school-age children, who were recruited from a local elementary school in West Central Florida. Prior to the experiment, the children completed a dialectal variation assessment (DELV) and a receptive vocabulary assessment (PPVT-4). The fast mapping task utilized a modified version of the blank-comparison technique (Costa, Wilkinson, McIlvane, & de Souza, 2001). For this task, twelve non-words were developed to include three AAE phonetic features: final consonant cluster reduction, backing in /str/ clusters, and final consonant devoicing. The non-words were presented in five tasks (training, recognition, comprehension, dialect, and production). Participant responses were analyzed qualitatively and described by dialect group and AAE feature. It was anticipated that fast mapping would be influenced by dialect use; however, this was not the case. Dialect played a small role in the comprehension task -- children who spoke AAE experienced more difficulty with /skr/ non-words. Otherwise, results indicated that responses, especially during the dialect and productions tasks, were similar with numerous errors noted in both dialect groups. A notable difference was in the production of final consonant clusters, where children who spoke AAE evidenced a slight advantage. The lack of a dialect group effect was not surprising since these tasks required the participant to respond to subtle phonetic differences in the target stimuli. As a whole, dialectal influences seemed to be task and feature related. These results will be compared to the previous investigation with preschoolers (Wyatt et al., 2007) and implications for future research will be presented.

The aim of my thesis " Comparison of the Motivation and Professional Background of the Various Forms of Animal Assisted Activities" is to determine through literature, opinions of therapists and observation to determine what is the motivation, professional background and time demand to all forms of therapy. The first part focuses on the cross-section of views of the theoretical literature focusing on animal assisted activities. Here I describe the differences between different forms of animal assisted activities and I also deal with ethology of dogs. In the second part I find out through interviews and observations, I find actual evidence from animal assisted activities and I specifically discuss the use of animal assisted activities on the first grade of primary school. At the end of the thesis I summarize insights from observations, processed interviews and also from my own experience and I evaluate usage of animal assisted activities on the first grade of primary school.

Nas últimas décadas do século XX as ações relacionadas a compatibilização das ações humanas com a qualidade do meio urbano passaram a fazer parte de agendas políticas e tratados internacionais. No Brasil, este processo se concretizou - no plano institucional - por meio do estabelecimento do Estatuto da Cidade e seus instrumentos de política urbana. Contudo, após mais de uma década de sua implementação ainda é notória a continuidade de um modelo de planejamento e gestão urbanos que nega a existência dos conflitos socioambientais inerentes ao processo de urbanização e, por sua vez, negligencia o desenvolvimento de ações de enfrentamento de seus problemas. No quadro internacional destaca-se a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE), que tem como foco a avaliação dos potenciais efeitos ambientais decorrentes de ações estratégicas no âmbito de políticas, planos e programas de desenvolvimento, e que permite a identificação de alternativas para o desenvolvimento urbano e a incorporação de objetivos ambientais e de sustentabilidade junto aos objetivos inicialmente estabelecidos. A literatura profissional da AAE destaca que o sucesso do instrumento é decorrente do foco estabelecido por seus Objetivos e Indicadores, elementos substanciais para a sua aplicação. Sendo assim, considera-se relevante indagar sobre quais aproximações metodológicas seriam necessárias para assegurar a aplicabilidade da AAE ao planejamento urbano brasileiro por meio dos Planos Diretores. A partir desta perspectiva, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral apresentar e discutir procedimentos e aspectos metodológicos que envolvem a definição de objetivos e indicadores a serem empregados em uma AAE voltada ao planejamento do desenvolvimento urbano no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos, orientados para o caso do município de São Carlos (SP), permitem visualizar o potencial de integração da AAE para promoção da sustentabilidade na elaboração de Planos Diretores no contexto brasileiro. / In the last decades of the twentieth century the actions related to compliance of human actions with the quality of the urban environment became part of political agendas and international treaties. In Brazil, this process materialized - at institutional level - through the establishment of the City Statute and its instruments of urban policy. However, after more than one decade of its implementation is still noticeable continuity of a model of urban planning and management that denies the existence of environmental conflicts inherent in the process of urbanization and, in turn, overlooks the development of actions to confront their problems. On the international front there is the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), which focuses on the assessment of potential environmental effects arising from strategic actions in development policies, plans and programs, and allows the identification of alternatives for urban development and the incorporation of environmental objectives and sustainability with the development goals initially set. The professional literature in the SEA emphasizes that the success of the instrument is due to the focus established by its Objectives and Indicators, substantial elements for your application. Hence it is relevant to inquire about which methodological approaches were needed to ensure the applicability of SEA to the Brazilian urban planning through the Master Plans. From this perspective, this research has the overall objective to present and discuss procedures and methodological aspects involved in setting objectives and indicators to be used in an SEA focused on urban development planning in the Brazilian context. The results, oriented to the case of São Carlos (SP), let you see the potential for integration of SEA to promote sustainability in the development of Master Plans in the Brazilian context.

I föreliggande studie har arbetssätt, upplevelser och konsekvenser av hundassisterad pedagogik i fyra elevärenden undersökts. Studien grundas på en kvalitativ ansats genom femton semistrukturerade intervjuer med elever, hundförare, vårdnadshavare och lärare. Dessa elevärenden bildar tillsammans fyra case. Databearbetningen har skett genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys och tematisering. Analys av data har även genomförts utifrån holistisk undervisningsteori samt tidigare forskning inom området djurunderstödda insatser och hundassisterad pedagogik. Resultatet har påvisat att utbildade hundar kan fungera som en holistisk undervisningsmetod genom att utgå från ett helhetsperspektiv på den lärande individen. Arbetssätten som förekommer vid hundassisterad pedagogik är sinnliga, konkreta, upplevelsebaserade och sker genom interaktioner med hunden där hundrelationen är kärnan i arbetet. Upplevelserna är genomgående positiva och relationen till hunden bidrar till lugn, trygghet och meningsfullhet. Detta skapar även goda lärmiljöer för eleverna som förstärks av hundarnas icke-dömande karaktär. I casen framkommer att hundassisterad pedagogik genererar konsekvenser såsom ökad närvaro, engagemang, välbefinnande och förbättrade attityder gentemot skola och lärande. Detta har även lett till ett ökat lärande och ökad måluppfyllelse för flera elever i casen, liksom en personlig utveckling i form av förbättrad självbild, självkänsla och självförståelse. Studiens sammantagna resultat påvisar att hundassisterad pedagogik, genom att fungera holistisikt, är en undervisningsform som ser till hela eleven och även bidrar till goda resultat avseende elevernas lärande och utveckling. Genom sitt holistiska närmande har hundassisterad pedagogik i denna studie en betydelse för elevhälsoarbetet som enligt styrdokument också ska utgå från en helhetssyn på elevers hälsa, lärande, utveckling och lärmiljö.

Detta examensarbete är indelat i tre delar. Examensarbetet består av en översättning av tre kapitel ur Etta James självbiografi Rage to survive: the Etta James story skriven av James och spökförfattaren David Ritz, samt ett kapitel om vilka textspecifika översättningsproblem som uppstod vid översättningen. Den tredje delen består av en djupanalys av hur varieteten African-American English (AAE) översatts i två andra verk, nämligen I know why the caged bird sings av Maya Angelou och The bluest eye av Toni Morrison där översättningarna av dessa verk jämförs med min översättning av Rage to survive: the Etta James story. Djupanalysens syfte är att undersöka hur många talspråksmarkörer som finns i de ovannämnda verken, samt hur många av dessa markörer är specifika för AAE. Dessutom används Englund Dimitrovas varietetsskala (2001). Detta för att undersöka huruvida måltexterna ligger på skalan i relation till källtexterna genom mängden talspråksmarkörer. Översättningen genomfördes med målet att ligga så nära källtextens stil som var möjligt med hänsyn till målspråkets grammatiska regler och förutsättningar. Detta för att kunna erbjuda den målspråklige läsaren en likvärdig effekt som läsaren av källtexten. För att uppfylla detta mål fick en del kompromisser göras. / This thesis is divided into three main parts. It consists of a translation of three chapters from Etta James’ autobiography named Rage to survive: the Etta James story, written by James herself and ghost writer David Ritz. The thesis also features a part involving the issues that arose when I translated Rage to survive: the Etta James story and how I solved these issues. The third and final part consists of an analysis of how African-American English (AAE) has been translated in two other novels in the past, namely I know why the caged bird sings by Maya Angelou and Toni Morrison’s The bluest eye. I compare the translations of these two novels with my own translation of Rage to survive: the Etta James story in the analysis where I strive to gain insight into the norms for translating spoken varieties. The translation was carried out with the purpose of maintaining the stylistic and informal markers as intact as possible while at the same time adhering to the grammatical prerequisites of the target language (Swedish). / <p>Översättningen är borttagen ur den publicerade versionen i fulltext i DiVA (denna version) på grund av upphovsrätten.</p><p>The translation has been removed from the published version of the essay in DiVA due to copyright.</p>

Zootherapy is a method based on a positive interaction between animals and humans. The contact with animals has proved good in the treatment of attention and communication disorders, in ill people, in psychiatric patients, the elderly, the sensory, mentally or physically disabled people, but also in healthy individuals. The methods used are Animal Assisted Activities (AAA), Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) and Animal Assisted Education (AAE). Zootherapy in educational institutions has a positive impact on social relationships and learning, developing vocabulary, memory, emotions, it helps enhance self-reliance and it also has effect on physical condition of a child. The objective of this study was to survey the ways of zootherapy utilization in educational institutions in the České Budějovice region. The method of quantitative research was used to achieve the aims. Data were collected by the technique of participating observation, semi-standardized interview, documents analysis and photo-documentation. By the pilot research 9 facilities were chosen. The results have shown that the most frequently used animals are dogs and horses. Most often, zootherapy is carried out by attending the AAA program. The AAE method is not much used, although educational institutions that are involved. Zootherapy is predominantly practiced in people with disabilities. The most professionally developed technique is canistherapy. Zootherapy is provided on a regular basis. Funding is supported by grants, projects, subsidies, sponsors, parents. Educational institutions personnel have little knowledge of zootherapy. Legislature is executed mainly by a contract between the facility and the providing organization. The research outcomes suggest the following hypotheses: H 1: ``The only zootherapy provider in educational institutions within the České Budějovice region are the o.s. Hafík, o.s. Koníček and o.s. Arpida.`` H 2: ``Educational institutions in the České Budějovice region do not have conditions for the resident form of zootherapy.{\crqq} The thesis may serve as a resource for professionals, zootherapists, but also for the general public. All the information is arranged into the register of ways of using zootherapy in educational institutions.