Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho descreve a investigaÃÃo quÃmica de plantas dos gÃneros Abarema e Calliandra, ambas pertencentes à famÃlia Leguminosae. A prospecÃÃo quÃmica de Abarema cochliacarpos culminou no isolamento de 11 substÃncias, enquanto de Calliandra depauperata foram isolados 10 compostos. Dos extratos etanÃlicos das diversas partes de A. cochliacarpos (madeira do caule, casca do caule e folhas) foram isolados e caracterizados os esterÃides: espinasterol, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosil-espinasterol e 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glicopiranosil-espinasterol; a mistura dos triterpenos Ãcido oleanÃico e Ãcido ursÃlico; os flavonÃides catequina, taxifolina, miricetrina e 3â,4â,7,8-tetrahidroxiflavonol, alem do Ãcido gÃlico e galato de etila. O composto 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glicopiranosil-espinasterol esta sendo registrado pela primeira vez. Do extrato etanÃlico das raÃzes de C. depauperata isolou-se os flavonÃides 5-metoxi-3â,4â,7-trihidroxiflavona; 3â,4â,7-trihidroxiflavona e 4â,6â,7-trimetoxi-3â-hidroxiflavona; os diterpenos de esqueletos cassano 7β,17-dihidroxi-12-oxo-cassan-13,15-dieno; 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihidroxi-12-oxo-cassan-13-eno e depauperatina, alem dos Ãsteres graxos: tetracosanodioato de bis-(2,3-dihidroxipropila); docosanodioato de bis-(2,3-dihidroxipropila); 24-hidroxi-tetracosanoato de 2,3-dihidroxipropila e 26-hidroxi-hexacosanoato de 2,3-dihidroxipropila. Os compostos 4â,6â,7-trimetoxi-3â-hidroxiflavona; 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihidroxi-12-oxo-cassan-13-eno e depauperatina, assim como todos os Ãsteres graxos estÃo sendo registrados na literatura pela primeira vez. A determinaÃÃo estrutural dos metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados envolveu o uso de tÃcnicas espectromÃtricas como IV, EM e RMN 1H e 13C, incluindo tÃcnicas bidimensionais como COSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY, bem como comparaÃÃo com dados descritos na literatura. / This work describes the chemical investigation of plants from the genera Abarema and Calliandra both belonging to Leguminosae family. The chemical prospection of Abarema cochliacarpos resulted in the isolation of 11 substances while from Calliandra depauperata was isolated 10 compounds. From EtOH extracts of different parts of A. cochliacarpos (wood, wood bark and leaves) were isolated and characterizated of steroids: spinasterol, 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosyl-spinasterol and 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glucopiranosyl-spinasterol), the mixture triterpenes oleanolic and ursolic acids; the flavonoids catechin, taxifolin, miricetrin and 3â,4â,7,8-tetrahydroxyflavonol, besides of galic acid and ethyl galate. Compound 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glucopiranosyl-spinasterol) was isolated for the firs time. From roots EtOH extract of C. depauperata were isolated the flavonoids 5-methoxy-3â,4â,7-trihydroxyflavone; 3â,4â,7-trihydroxyflavone and 4â,6â,7-trimethoxy-3â-hydroxyflavone; the cassane diterpenes: 7β,17-dihydroxy-12-oxo-cassan-13,15-diene, 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihydroxy-12-oxo-cassan-13-ene and depauperatin, besides the fatty esters bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropil) tetracosanodioate, bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropil) docosanodioate, 24-hydroxy-tetracosanoate-2,3-dihydroxypropil and 26-hydroxy-hexacosanoate-2,3-dihydroxypropil. Compounds 4â,6â,7-trimethoxy-3â-hydroxyflavone; 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihydroxy-12-oxo-cassan-13-ene and depauperatin, and all fatty esters are being reported for the first time. The structural determination of all secondary metabolites isolated in this work involved spectrometric techniques such as: IR, MS and NMR including 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY) experiments, as well as, comparison with published data

Orientador: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T09:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MariaSileneda_D.pdf: 4656721 bytes, checksum: 56e7845f0f3f5782cd1555e890bb08cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Abstract: Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes, which belongs the Mimosaceae family, is popularly known as "barbatimao" by the tradicional communities in Northeastern Brazil that use its bark in the treatment of gastric ulcer and inflammation, among other uses. In this work, the antiulcerogenic activity of its extracts and fractions was screened, using the gastric ulcer model induced by absolute ethanol in rats and selecting of the butanolic fraction of the methanolic extracts at dosis of 150 mg/kg as being in the most effective one. The action mechanisms of this fraction were studied based on the mucus gastric content and gastric secretion models. We have also decided to test it in anti-inflammatory intestinal activity model. Acute toxicity of AC150 was evaluated in Swiss mice, and no symptoms or visible toxicity signs were observed. Wistar rats were used in the others experiments. The intraduodenal pathway was utilized only in the pylorus ligature model; in the other models the oral pathway was employed. The AC 150 was able to significantly increased the mucus production, as well as to change the biochemical parameters of the acid gastric secretion, reducing the gastric volume and increasing the pH, suggesting a cytoprotection and anti-secretory activity. AC150 showed healing activity in the chronic model of gastric ulcer induced by 30 % acetic acid. This was demonstrated by the reduction of lesion area, in agreement with HE histological analysis. The induction of cellular proliferation was indicated by the PCNA results. The immunolocation of HSP-70, COX-2 and VEGF in the gastric tissue suggested that the ulcer cicatrization activity was induced by the increased of the expression of these factors, as well as the increase of the mucus production highlightened in the PAS results. In the acute ulcerative colitis model induced by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS) (10 mg/animal) AC 100 and 150 mg/kg were able to significantly decrease the lesion and the mieloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the colonic mucosa. However, only AC150 decreased the levels of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). The western blot analysis showed that AC 150 mg/kg induced the down-regulation of both cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the involvement of signaling also demonstrated a reduction in the JNK activation in this dosis. In the chronic colitis model (TNBS, 30 mg/animal) AC 150 showed the same inhibition profile of the inflammatory parameters; nevertheless, the increase of the antiinflammatory cytokine production IL-10 was highlightened only in this model. These data suggested a significant protective effect of the chronic administration of AC during the chronic phase of the inflammatory response associated with TNBS induced colitis. Phytochemical studies by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed that catechins were a major component into condensate class of tannins. Taken as a whole, these data allow us to conclude that the AC150 of Abarema cochliacarpos has chemical compounds that present antiulcerogenic gastric and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be attributed to the tannins and (+)-catechins of this fraction. / Abstract: Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes, which belongs the Mimosaceae family, is popularly known as "barbatimao" by the tradicional communities in Northeastern Brazil that use its bark in the treatment of gastric ulcer and inflammation, among other uses. In this work, the antiulcerogenic activity of its extracts and fractions was screened, using the gastric ulcer model induced by absolute ethanol in rats and selecting of the butanolic fraction of the methanolic extracts at dosis of 150 mg/kg as being in the most effective one. The action mechanisms of this fraction were studied based on the mucus gastric content and gastric secretion models. We have also decided to test it in anti-inflammatory intestinal activity model. Acute toxicity of AC150 was evaluated in Swiss mice, and no symptoms or visible toxicity signs were observed. Wistar rats were used in the others experiments. The intraduodenal pathway was utilized only in the pylorus ligature model; in the other models the oral pathway was employed. The AC 150 was able to significantly increased the mucus production, as well as to change the biochemical parameters of the acid gastric secretion, reducing the gastric volume and increasing the pH, suggesting a cytoprotection and anti-secretory activity. AC150 showed healing activity in the chronic model of gastric ulcer induced by 30 % acetic acid. This was demonstrated by the reduction of lesion area, in agreement with HE histological analysis. The induction of cellular proliferation was indicated by the PCNA results. The immunolocation of HSP-70, COX-2 and VEGF in the gastric tissue suggested that the ulcer cicatrization activity was induced by the increased of the expression of these factors, as well as the increase of the mucus production highlightened in the PAS results. In the acute ulcerative colitis model induced by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS) (10 mg/animal) AC 100 and 150 mg/kg were able to significantly decrease the lesion and the mieloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the colonic mucosa. However, only AC150 decreased the levels of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). The western blot analysis showed that AC 150 mg/kg induced the down-regulation of both cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the involvement of signaling also demonstrated a reduction in the JNK activation in this dosis. In the chronic colitis model (TNBS, 30 mg/animal) AC 150 showed the same inhibition profile of the inflammatory parameters; nevertheless, the increase of the antiinflammatory cytokine production IL-10 was highlightened only in this model. These data suggested a significant protective effect of the chronic administration of AC during the chronic phase of the inflammatory response associated with TNBS induced colitis. Phytochemical studies by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) revealed that catechins were a major component into condensate class of tannins. Taken as a whole, these data allow us to conclude that the AC150 of Abarema cochliacarpos has chemical compounds that present antiulcerogenic gastric and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be attributed to the tannins and (+)-catechins of this fraction. / Doutorado / Fisiologia / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-09T12:23:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação João Neto_Bibl Central.pdf: 1346533 bytes, checksum: c9180ed2cbbece23d0513b31179f3139 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T12:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação João Neto_Bibl Central.pdf: 1346533 bytes, checksum: c9180ed2cbbece23d0513b31179f3139 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / CAPEs / O Brasil é considerado o país com a maior biodiversidade do mundo, nele as formações vegetais do Bioma Caatinga e Mata Atlântica representam fontes potenciais para a prospecção de biomoléculas de interesse científico. Entre essas biomoléculas encontram-se aquelas com atividade antioxidante, substâncias que são capazes de neutralizar ou reparar a ação dos radicais livres e dessa forma combatendo o estresse oxidativo. Vários antioxidantes sintéticos estão presentes no mercado, porém estudos vêm demonstrando a possibilidade de efeitos tóxicos desses produtos sintéticos, fato que gerou estímulo para a busca de antioxidantes naturais. O presente trabalho visou investigar a atividade antioxidante de extratos de folhas de 5 espécies vegetais encontradas no Bioma Caatinga e Mata Atlântica, a saber: Abarema cochliacarpos (AC), Croton nummularius (CN), Myroxylon Peruiferum (MP), Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (SP) e Tanaecium xanthophyllum (TX) por 3 metodologias in vitru: ensaio do DPPH, ABTS e fosfomolibdênio (capacidade antioxidante total - CAT). Adicionalmente foi realizada uma investigação fitoquímica dos extratos por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) bem como dosagem do teor de fenóis e flavonoides totais com o intuito de apontar os possíveis compostos ativos responsáveis por tal atividade. A análise do perfil fitoquímico evidenciou a presença de saponinas, fenilpropanoides e flavonoides em todas os extratos, enquanto que terpenoides e proantocianidinas foram encontrados em AC, alcaloides em CN, cumarinas em MP, proantocianidinas e mono-sesquiterpenoides em SP. As dosagens de fenóis e flavonóides totais dos extratos variaram de 28,84 a 120,39 (mg EAG. g-1 extrato) e 3,84 a 10,52 (mg EQ. g-1 extrato), respectivamente. Os valores de CI50 da atividade sequestradora de radicais DPPH variaram de 31,62 a 87,84 μg/mL. A porcentagem de sequestro de radicais ABTS variou de 20,92 a 75,69 % e a porcentagem da capacidade antioxidante total (%CAT) de 15,13 a 43,71 %. Foi evidenciado também uma correlação positiva entre o conteúdo de fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante pelos ensaios do radical ABTS (ρ = 0,926; R2 = 0,858) e CAT (ρ = 0,933; R2 = 0,872), o que indica o papel chave dos compostos fenólicos na atividade antioxidante dos extratos estudados. Mais estudos são requeridos no sentido de se isolar esses compostos para melhor caracterizá-los, assim como a realização de testes de atividade antioxidante in vivo. / Brazil is considered the most biodiverse country in the world. Its vegetation areas from the Caatinga and Atlantic forest biomes represent potential sources for scanning biomolecules of scientific interest. Among these biomolecules are those endowed with antioxidant activity, substances capable to neutralize or repair the action of free radicals and thus fighting against oxidative stress. Several synthetic antioxidants are out there in the market, but studies have shown the possible toxic effects of these synthetic products, which became a stimulus for the search of natural antioxidants. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from 5 plant species found in the Caatinga and Atlantic forest biomes, namely: Abarema cochliacarpos (AC), Croton nummularius (CN), Myroxylon Peruiferum (MP), Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (SP) e Tanaecium xanthophyllum (TX) by 3 in vitru methodologies: DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and phosphomolybdenum method (total antioxidant capacity – TAC). Additionally a phytochemical screening of the extracts by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted as well as measurement of total phenolic and flavonoid content in order to point out the possible active compounds responsible for such activity. The phytochemical screening analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids in all plant extracts. However, terpenoids and proanthocyanidins were found in CA, alkaloids in CN, coumarins in MP, proanthocyanidins and mono-sesquiterpenoids in SP. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts ranged from 28.84 to 120.39 (mg GAE. g-1 extract) and 3.84 to 10.52 (QE mg. g-1 extract), respectively. The IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 31.62 to 87.84 μg/mL. The percentage ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged from 20.92 to 75.69 % and the percentage total antioxidant capacity (%TAC) ranged from 15.13 to 43.71 %. It was also demonstrated a positive correlation between total phenolic content and ABTS radical scavenging activity (ρ = 0.926, R2 = 0.858) and TAC (ρ = 0.933, R2 = 0.872), which denotes the key role of phenolic compounds in the antioxidant activity of the extracts studied. Further studies are required in order to isolate these compounds to characterize them better as well as assessment of their antioxidant activity in vivo.

The snakebite is a public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in the effect of hydroethanolic extract of the stem bark Abarema cochliacarpos (EAc) in muscle injury induced by Bothrops leucurus. Male swiss mice were used (28-32g ; n= 6 groups), where they received perimuscular injection Bothrops leucurus venom (BlV 1 mg/Kg/paw Volume 50 ìl) the right hind limb, treated orally (po), with vehicle (saline) or EAc (100, 200 or 400 mg / kg). In the mechanical hypernociception animals were evaluated in time 2, 4 and 6 hours using digital analgesymeter (von Frey). Edema activity in the animals were evaluated at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes, using a digital caliper. Have motor activity was assessed by the rota -rod test and the animals were evaluated at 1, 3 and 7 days. Histological evaluation extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) was isolated, removed, fixed, paraffin emblocado (Optical Microscopy) and resin (Electron Microscopy) and cut. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed under optical and electron microscopy and subsequently photographed. The experimental protocols were approved by the ethical committee for animal research at UFS (CEPA: 61/12). The results were analyzed using followed by Student.s t-test. The treatment orally with EAc (400 mg / kg ) inhibited mechanical hypernociception (2h 5.1 ± 0.76, 5.70 ± 0.65 4h, 6h 5.93 ± 0.49, (p < 0, 05) compared with the BlV venom group (2h 2.08 ± 0.33; 4h 2.28 ± 0.18; 6h 2.52 ± 0.24). The inhibition of edema was also seen in activity with EAc (400 mg / kg) (15 min 15.35 ± 0.27; 30 min 12.63 ± 0.69; 60 min 9.38 ± 0,29 and 90 min 6.83 ± 0.66, p < 0.05) compared with the BlV venom group (15 min 29.7 ± 0.17; 30 min 25.8 ± 0.26; 60 min 20.15 ± 0.24 and 90 min 14.76 ± 0.21). Regarding motor activity, the EAc (400 mg / kg) preserved motor ability (1day 83.22 ± 0.46; 3 days 98.02 ± 0.20 and 7 days 119.24 ± 0.48, p < 0.05) compared to the BlV venom group (1 day 20.03 ± 0.26, 3 days 35.22 ± 0.36 and 7 days 111.21 ± 0.18). Histological analysis showed an protection of muscle injury after administration of EAc (400 mg / kg), maintaining muscle fibers. Our results demonstrated that EAc inhibited the harmful effects of the venom, suggesting that this compound has biotechnological potential in adjuvant treatment of snakebite. / O ofidismo e um problema de saude publica em todo o mundo, especialmente nos paises tropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de investigar os mecanismos envolvidos no efeito do extrato hidroetanolico da entrecasca da Abarema cochliacarpos (EAc) (popularmente conhecida como gbarbatimao h) na lesao muscular induzida pelo veneno de Bothrops leucurus (BlV). Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss machos (28-32 g; n=6 por grupo), que receberam injecao perimuscular do veneno Bothrops leucurus (BlV . 1 mg/Kg/pata . Volume 50 Êl) no membro posterior direito, tratados por via oral (v.o.), com veiculo (solucao salina) ou EAc (100, 200 ou 400 mg/kg). Na hipernocicepcao mecanica os animais foram avaliados nos tempos 2, 4 e 6 horas, utilizando o analgesimetro digital (Von Frey). Na atividade edematogenica os animais foram avaliados nos tempos 15, 30, 60 e 90 minutos, utilizando o paquimetro digital. Ja atividade motora foi avaliada pelo teste de rota-rod e os animais foram avaliados em 1, 3 e 7 dias. Na avaliacao histologica o musculo Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) foi isolado, retirado, fixado, emblocado com parafina (Microscopia optica) e resina (Microscopia eletronica) e cortados. Os tecidos foram corados com hematoxilina- eosina e observados ao microscopio optico e eletronico e posteriormente fotografados. Os protocolos experimentais foram aprovados pelo comite de etica em pesquisa com animais da UFS (CEPA: 61/12). Os resultados foram analisados utilizando o teste Student.S t-test. O tratamento, por v.o, com EAc (400 mg/Kg) inibiu a hipernocicepcao mecanica, (2h 5,1 }0,76; 4h 5,70 }0,65; 6h 5,93 }0,49; p<0,05) quando comparados aos animais do grupo BlV (veneno) (2h 2,08 }0,33; 4h 2,28 }0,18; 6h 2,52 }0,24). A inibicao tambem foi verificada na atividade edematogenica, com EAc (400 mg/kg), (15 min. 15,35 }0,27; 30 min. 12,63 }0,69; 60 min. 9,38 }0,29 e 90 min. 6,83 }0,66; p<0,05), quando comparados aos animais do grupo BlV (veneno) (15 min. 29,7 }0,17; 30 min. 25,8 }0,26; 60 min. 20,15 }0,24 e 90 min. 14,76 }0,21). Quanto a atividade motora, o EAc (400 mg/Kg) preservou a capacidade motora (1 dia 83,22 }0,46; 3 dias 98,02 }0,20 e 7 dias 119,24 }0,48; p<0,05), comparados ao grupo BlV (veneno) (1 dia 20,03 }0,26; 3 dias 35,22 }0,36 e 7 dias 111,21 }0,18). Na analise histologica verificou-se uma protecao da lesao muscular apos administracao do EAc (400 mg/Kg), preservando as fibras musculares. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o EAc inibiu os efeitos nocivos do veneno, sugerindo que este composto apresenta potencial biotecnologico no tratamento coadjuvante do ofidismo.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-04T12:42:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferreira Lima Tenorio.pdf: 1400860 bytes, checksum: cec1205a2e5fa46bb713ef0480279584 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-04T12:42:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferreira Lima Tenorio.pdf: 1400860 bytes, checksum: cec1205a2e5fa46bb713ef0480279584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The use of medicinal plants is common among the population of developing countries, often presenting itself as the only therapeutic practice, and has been increasing due to the fad and the concept that natural products have no adverse reactions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the tutors of dogs and cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco on medicinal plants and in vitro antimicrobial activity of barbatimão (Abarema cochliacarpos) in bacteria isolated from skin wounds in dogs. To do so, the interview was conducted with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire, and studied the antimicrobial activity of extracts ciclohexânico, acetone and ethanol of the bark of Abarema cochliacarpos, besides the phytochemistry of the plant. The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by the diffusion method on solid medium and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration was determined in microplates. Aliquots of the wells without bacterial growth after 24 hours of incubation at 35-37oC, were added to plates with culture medium to determine Minimum Bactericidal Concentration. 34 plants were raised, including: the boldo with 15.18% of citations, followed by aroeira with14.13% citations, melão de são caetano and capim santo with 8.90% citations each. The disease most often cited for the treatment plants were to diarrhea and wounds with 26.19% and 19.04% respectively. The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins (condensed), terpenes and steroids. The isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus intermedius, Bacillus sp., Pasteurella sp. and Escherichia coli. In vitro assays of the extracts of the bark of Abarema cochliacarpos showed inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus intermedius and Bacillus sp. concentrations tested (100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/mL) except for the cyclohexane extract at concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL against Staphylococcus intermedius. There were no zones of inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria Pasteurella sp. and Escherichia coli. It is concludes that the tutors of dogs and cats have knowledge of medicinal plants and often use them in your pets, especially for the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract, and the results of the evaluation of extracts from the bark of Abarema cochliacarpos showed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive strains Staphylococcus intermedius and Bacillus sp. isolated from skin wounds in dogs. / A utilização de plantas medicinais é comum entre a população de países subdesenvolvidos, apresentando-se muitas vezes como a única prática terapêutica, e vem aumentando devido ao modismo e ao conceito de que produtos naturais não têm reações adversas. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o conhecimento dos tutores de cães e gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco sobre plantas medicinais e da atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do barbatimão (Abarema cochliacarpos) em bactérias isoladas de feridas cutâneas de cães. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevista com auxílio de um questionário semi-estruturado, e estudou-se a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos ciclohexânico, acetônico e etanólico da casca de Abarema cochliacarpos, além do perfil fitoquímico da planta. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos foi determinada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido e a Concentração Mínima Inibitória foi determinada em microplacas. Alíquotas dos poços sem crescimento bacteriano após 24h de incubação a 35-37oC, foram adicionadas em placas com meio de cultura para determinação da Concentração Mínima Bactericida. Foram levantadas 34 plantas, destacando-se: o boldo com 15,18% de citações, seguida da aroeira com 14,13% citações, melão de são caetano e capim santo com 8,90% citações cada. As enfermidades mais citadas para o tratamento com plantas foram à diarréia e feridas com 26,19% e 19,04% respectivamente. Os estudos fitoquímicos revelaram a presença de alcalóides, flavonóides, saponinas, taninos (condensáveis), terpenos e esteróides. As bactérias isoladas foram: Staphylococcus intermedius, Bacillus sp., Pasteurella sp. e Escherichia coli. Os ensaios in vitro dos extratos da casca de Abarema cochliacarpos mostraram inibição contra as bactérias Gram-positiva Staphylococcus intermedius e Bacillus sp. nas concentrações testadas (100, 50, 25, 12,5 e 6,25 mg/mL), exceto para o extrato em ciclohexano nas concentrações de 12,5 e 6,25 mg/mL contra o Staphylococcus intermedius. Não houve halos de inibição frente aos isolados Gram-negativos Pasteurella sp. e Escherichia coli. Conclui-se que os tutores de cães e gatos possuem conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais e frequentemente as utilizam em seus animais, principalmente para o tratamento de enfermidades do aparelho digestivo, e os resultados da avaliação dos extratos da casca de Abarema cochliacarpos mostraram atividade antimicrobiana frente às cepas Gram-positivas Staphylococcus intermedius e Bacillus sp. isoladas de feridas cutâneas de cão.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-02-22T13:54:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferreira Lima Tenorio.pdf: 1676555 bytes, checksum: 5aef9244e7a794028037da3695731eab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T13:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferreira Lima Tenorio.pdf: 1676555 bytes, checksum: 5aef9244e7a794028037da3695731eab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The use of medicinal plants is an alternative for pest control, as they provide chemical compounds with potential ectoparasiticidal action. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological activity of extracts of Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes and Eugenia uniflora L. against ixodids, culicidae and small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. The tickcide activity was evaluated against Anocentor nitens by the technique of immersion of engorged females. Concentrations of 100 % and 50 % of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of C. leptophloeos, C. heliotropiifolius and Z. joazeiro and distilled water as negative control were used. In the assay with Culicids Aedes (stegomyia) aegypti third instar larvae were exposed to concentrations of 30 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL of leaf extracts of C. leptophloeos and C. heliotropiifolius, and for Z. joazeiro 30 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL and 0.5 mg / mL according to a methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. An biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis sorovar israelensis at concentrations of 0.06 ppm and 0.37 ppm was used as positive control and a negative control with dechlorinated water. Under the same conditions, the ethanolic extract of A. cochliacarpos stem bark at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was tested, and the industrial larvicide Pyriproxyfen at a concentration of 0.002 g / L and distilled water were used as positive control and negative control respectively. The antihelminthic activity against gastrintestinal helminths of small ruminants was evaluated for the ethanolic extract of A. cochliacarpos stem bark (10 %, 25 % and 50 % concentrations) and of the aqueous extract of E. uniflora leaves (concentrations of 20 %), determined by the calculation of percentages of larvae reduction per gram of faeces. Negative controls were used with distilled water and positive controls with Ivermectin 1 % and Albendazole 5 %. The species C. leptophloeos was effective at all concentrations tested against A. nitens, and the species Z. joazeiro and C. heliotropiifolius demonstrated efficacy only at the concentration of 100 %. In the A. aegypti assay, the highest mortality rates were obtained at the highest concentrations tested, being 66.5 % for C. leptophloeos, 92.75 % for Z. joazeiro and 33.75 % for C. heliotropiifolius. With the extract of A. cochliacarpos (10 mg / mL) the mortality rate was 34.75 %. In the larvae reduction per gram of faeces, larvae of genus Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum were identified, obtaining a highly effective reduction for the 25 % and 50% concentrations of A. cochliacarpos against the three genera. The aqueous extract of E. uniflora (20 %) had no effect on the reduction of the number of larvae of said gastrointestinal nematodes. It is concluded that hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of C. leptophloeos, Z. joazeiro and C. heliotropiifolius present biological activity against A. nitens, and the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of A. cochliacarpos shows a better mortality activity than conventionally commercial larvicides used against A. aegypti larvae. The aqueous extract of the leaves of E. uniflora at the concentration of 0.2 g / mL is not present enough to promote reduction of larvae per gram of feces. / O uso de plantas medicinais é uma alternativa para o controle de pragas, pois fornecem compostos químicos com potencial ação ectoparasiticida. Desta forma, objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar a atividade biológica “in vitro” de extratos de Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes e Eugenia uniflora L. contra ixodídeos, culicídeos e nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes. A atividade carrapaticida foi avaliada contra Anocentor nitens pela técnica de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas. Foram utilizadas concentrações de 100 % e 50 % dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de C. leptophloeos, C. heliotropiifolius e Z. joazeiro e água destilada como controle negativo. No ensaio com culicídeos, segundo metodologia preconizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde com larvas de terceiro estádio de Aedes (stegomyia) aegypti expostas à concentrações de 30 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL e 10 mg / mL dos extratos das folhas de C. leptophloeos e C. heliotropiifolius, e 30 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL e 0,5 mg / mL para Z. joazeiro, e como controle positivo larvicida biológico Bacillus thuringiensis sorovar israelensis nas concentrações de 0,06 ppm e 0,37 ppm, e controle negativo com água declorada. Nas mesmas condições, testou-se o extrato etanólico da casca do caule de A. cochliacarpos na concentração de 10 mg / mL, tendo como controle positivo o larvicida industrial Pyriproxyfen na concentração de 0,002 g / L e controle negativo água destilada. Pelo cálculo dos percentuais de redução de larvas por grama de fezes, o mesmo extrato de A. cochliacarpos foi avaliado contra helmintos gastritestinais de pequenos ruminantes (concentrações a 10 %, 25 % e 50 %), e o extrato aquoso das folhas de E. uniflora (concentrações a 20 %). Utilizaram-se controles negativos com água destilada e controles positivos com Ivermectina 1 % e Albendazole 5 %. Contra A. nitens, a espécie C. leptophloeos mostrou-se eficaz em todas as concentrações testadas, e as espécies Z. joazeiro e C. heliotropiifolius demonstraram eficácia apenas na concentração de 100 %. No ensaio com A. aegypti, as mais elevadas taxas de mortalidade foram obtidas nas maiores concentrações testadas, sendo de 66,5 % para C. leptophloeos, 92,75 % para Z. joazeiro e de 33,75 % com C. heliotropiifolius. Com o extrato de A. cochliacarpos (10 mg / mL) a taxa de mortalidade foi de 34,75 %. No teste de redução do LPG, identificaram-se larvas dos gêneros Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus e Oesophagostomum, obtendo-se redução altamente efetiva para as concentrações de 25 % e 50 % de A. cochliacarpos contra os três gêneros. O extrato aquoso de E. uniflora (20 %) não apresentou efeito sobre a redução do número de larvas dos referidos nematoides gastrintestinais. Conclui-se que os extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de C. leptophloeos, Z. joazeiro e C. heliotropiifolius apresentam atividade biológica contra A. nitens, e o extrato etanólico da casca do caule de A. cochliacarpos demonstra melhor atividade de mortalidade que larvicidas comerciais convencionalmente utilizados contra larvas de A. aegypti. O extrato aquoso das folhas de E. uniflora na concentração de 0,2 g / mL não se apresenta suficiente para promover a redução de larvas por grama de fezes.